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Vijayakumar J, Goudarzi NM, Eeckhaut G, Schrijnemakers K, Cnudde V, Boone MN. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Tablets by X-ray Tomography. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050733. [PMID: 37242516 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms such as tablets are extensively used in drug administration for their simplicity and large-scale manufacturing capabilities. High-resolution X-ray tomography is one of the most valuable non-destructive techniques to investigate the internal structure of the tablets for drug product development as well as for a cost effective production process. In this work, we review the recent developments in high-resolution X-ray microtomography and its application towards different tablet characterizations. The increased availability of powerful laboratory instrumentation, as well as the advent of high brilliance and coherent 3rd generation synchrotron light sources, combined with advanced data processing techniques, are driving the application of X-ray microtomography forward as an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaianth Vijayakumar
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Eeckhaut
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Cnudde
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Zhang S, Nagapudi K, Shen M, Lomeo J, Qin Y, Zhu A, Nayak P, Chang D, Hannoush RN. Release Mechanisms and Practical Percolation Threshold for Long-acting Biodegradable Implants: An Image to Simulation Study. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1896-1910. [PMID: 34902434 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of long-acting drug formulations requires efficient characterization technique as the designed 6-12 months release duration renders real-time in vitro and in vivo experiments cost and time prohibitive. Using a novel image-based release modeling method, release profiles were predicted from X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) of T0 samples. A validation study with the in vitro release test shows good prediction accuracy of the initial burst release. Through fast T0 image-based release prediction, the impact of formulation and process parameters on burst release rate was investigated. Recognizing the limitations of XRM, correlative imaging with Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) was introduced. A water stress test was designed to directly elucidate the formation of pores through polymer-drug-water interplay. Through an iterative correction method that considers poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer degradation, good agreement was achieved between release predictions using FIB-SEM images acquired from T0 samples and in vitro testing data. Furthermore, using image-based release simulations, a practical percolation threshold was identified that has profound influence on the implant performance. It is proposed as an important critical quality attribute for biodegradable long-acting delivery system, that needs to be investigated and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Zhang
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, USA.
| | | | - Mike Shen
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Joshua Lomeo
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Yuri Qin
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Purnendu Nayak
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA
| | - Debby Chang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rami N Hannoush
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Correlative Image-Based Release Prediction and 3D Microstructure Characterization for a Long Acting Parenteral Implant. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1915-1929. [PMID: 34851498 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging-based characterization of polymeric drug-eluting implants can be challenging due to the microstructural complexity and scale of dispersed drug domains and polymer matrix. The typical evaluation via real-time (and accelerated in vitro experiments not only can be very labor intensive since implants are designed to last for 3 months or longer, but also fails to elucidate the impact of the internal microstructure on the implant release rate. A novel characterization technique, combining multi-scale high resolution three-dimensional imaging, was developed for a mechanistic understanding of the impact of formulation and manufacturing process on the implant microstructure. Artificial intelligence-based image segmentation and imaging analytics convert "visualized" structural properties into numerical models, which can be used to calculate key parameters governing drug transport in the polymer matrix, such as effective permeability. Simulations of drug transport in structures constructed on the basis of image analytics can be used to predict the release rates for the drug-eluting implant without running lengthy experiments. Multi-scale imaging approach and image-based characterization generate a large amount of quantitative structural information that are difficult to obtain experimentally. The direct-imaging based analytics and simulation is a powerful tool and has potential to advance fundamental understanding of drug release mechanism and the development of robust drug-eluting implants.
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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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Nagapudi K, Zhu A, Chang DP, Lomeo J, Rajagopal K, Hannoush RN, Zhang S. Microstructure, Quality, and Release Performance Characterization of long-Acting Polymer Implant Formulations with X-Ray Microscopy and Quantitative AI Analytics. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3418-3430. [PMID: 34089709 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting implants are typically formulated using carrier(s) with specific physical and chemical properties, along with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), to achieve the desired daily exposure for the target duration of action. In characterizing such formulations, real-time in-vitro and in-vivo experiments that are typically used to characterize implants are lengthy, costly, and labor intensive as these implants are designed to be long acting. A novel characterization technique, combining high resolution three-dimensional X-Ray microscopy imaging, image-based quantification, and transport simulation, has been employed to provide a mechanistic understanding of formulation and process impact on the microstructures and performance of a polymer-based implant. Artificial intelligence-based image segmentation and image data analytics were used to convert morphological features visualized at high resolution into numerical microstructure models. These digital models were then used to calculate key physical parameters governing drug transport in a polymer matrix, including API uniformity, API domain size, and permeability. This powerful new tool has the potential to advance the mechanistic understanding of the interplay between drug-microstructure and performance and accelerate the therapeutic development long-acting implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nagapudi
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - Debby P Chang
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Joshua Lomeo
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | | | - Rami N Hannoush
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Shawn Zhang
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, MA 01803, United States.
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Fernando HV, Chan LL, Dang N, Santhanes D, Banneheke H, Nalliah S, Coombes AGA. Controlled delivery of the antiprotozoal agent (tinidazole) from intravaginal polymer matrices for treatment of the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:348-356. [PMID: 29799300 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1481430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Microporous polymeric matrices prepared from poly(ɛ-caprolactone) [PCL] were evaluated for controlled vaginal delivery of the antiprotozoal agent (tinidazole) in the treatment of the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. The matrices were produced by rapidly cooling co-solutions of PCL and tinidazole in acetone to -80 °C to induce crystallisation and hardening of the polymer. Tinidazole incorporation in the matrices increased from 1.4 to 3.9% (w/w), when the drug concentration in the starting PCL solution was raised from 10 to 20% (w/w), giving rise to drug loading efficiencies up to 20%. Rapid 'burst release' of 30% of the tinidazole content was recorded over 24 h when the PCL matrices were immersed in simulated vaginal fluid. Gradual drug release occurred over the next 6 days resulting in delivery of around 50% of the tinidazole load by day 7 with the released drug retaining antiprotozoal activity at levels almost 50% that of the 'non-formulated' drug in solution form. Basic modelling predicted that the concentration of tinidazole released into vaginal fluid in vivo from a PCL matrix in the form of an intravaginal ring would exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration against Trichomonas vaginalis. These findings recommend further investigation of PCL matrices as intravaginal devices for controlled delivery of antiprotozoal agents in the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Li Chan
- a School of Medicine, The International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nhung Dang
- b Dermatology Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | | | - Hasini Banneheke
- d Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Nugegoda , Sri Lanka
| | - Sivalingam Nalliah
- a School of Medicine, The International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Allan G A Coombes
- a School of Medicine, The International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,e ULTI Pharmaceuticals , Hamilton , New Zealand
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In vitro and in vivo behavior of ground tadalafil hot-melt extrudates: How the carrier material can effectively assure rapid or controlled drug release. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:498-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Lin SCY, Wang Y, Wertheim DF, Coombes AG. Production and in vitro evaluation of macroporous, cell-encapsulating alginate fibres for nerve repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:653-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pathak M, Coombes AG, Turner MS, Palmer C, Wang D, Steadman KJ. Investigation of Polycaprolactone Matrices for Intravaginal Delivery of Doxycycline. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4217-4222. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pathak M, Turner M, Palmer C, Coombes AGA. Evaluation of polycaprolactone matrices for the intravaginal delivery of metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:354-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214528256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microporous, poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) matrices loaded with the antibacterial, metronidazole were produced by rapidly cooling suspensions of drug powder in PCL solutions in acetone. Drug incorporation in the matrices increased from 2.0% to 10.6% w/w on raising the drug loading of the PCL solution from 5% to 20% w/w measured with respect to the PCL content. Drug loading efficiencies of 40–53% were obtained. Rapid ‘burst release’ of 35–55% of the metronidazole content was recorded over 24 h when matrices were immersed in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF), due to the presence of large amounts of drug on matrix surface as revealed by Raman microscopy. Gradual release of around 80% of the drug content occurred over the following 12 days. Metronidazole released from PCL matrices in SVF retained antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro at levels up to 97% compared to the free drug. Basic modelling predicted that the concentrations of metronidazole released into vaginal fluid in vivo from a PCL matrix in the form of an intravaginal ring would exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of metronidazole against G. vaginalis. These findings recommend further investigation of PCL matrices as intravaginal devices for controlled delivery of metronidazole in the treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Pathak
- The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Turner
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheryn Palmer
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Dept. of Sexual health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan GA Coombes
- The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kašpar O, Tokárová V, Oka S, Sowrirajan K, Ramachandran R, Štěpánek F. Combined UV/vis and micro-tomography investigation of acetaminophen dissolution from granules. Int J Pharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Asvadi NH, Dang NTT, Davis-Poynter N, Coombes AGA. Evaluation of microporous polycaprolactone matrices for controlled delivery of antiviral microbicides to the female genital tract. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2719-2727. [PMID: 23892484 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acyclovir (ACV) as a model antiviral microbicide, was incorporated in controlled-release polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices designed for application as intra-vaginal ring inserts (IVRs). Microporous materials incorporating acyclovir up to a level of ~10 % w/w were produced by rapidly cooling suspensions of drug powder in PCL solution followed by solvent extraction from the hardened matrices. Around 21, 50 and 78 % of the drug content was gradually released from matrices over 30 days in simulated vaginal fluid at 37 °C, corresponding to drug loadings of 5.9, 7.0 and 9.6 % w/w. The release behaviour of matrices having the lowest drug loading followed a zero order model, whereas, the release kinetics of 7.0 and 9.6 % ACV-loaded PCL matrices could be described effectively by the Higuchi model, suggesting that Fickian diffusion is controlling drug release. Corresponding values of the diffusion co-efficient for ACV in the PCL matrices of 3.16 × 10(-9) and 1.07 × 10(-8) cm(2)/s were calculated. Plaque reduction assays provided an IC50 value of 1.09 μg/mL for acyclovir against HSV-2 and confirmed the antiviral activity of released acyclovir against HSV-2 replication in primate kidney cells (Vero) at levels ~70 % that of non-formulated acyclovir at day 30. Estimated minimum in vivo acyclovir concentrations produced by a PCL IVR (19 μg/mL) exceeded by a factor of 20 the IC50 value against HSV-2 and the reported ACV vaginal concentrations in women (0.5-1.0 μg/mL) following oral administration. These findings recommend further investigations of PCL matrices for vaginal delivery of antiviral agents in the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections such as AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghme Hajarol Asvadi
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Dang NT, Sivakumaran H, Harrich D, Coombes AG. An Evaluation of Polycaprolactone Matrices for Vaginal Delivery of the Antiviral, Tenofovir, in Preventing Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3725-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Characterization of internal structure, polymer erosion and drug release mechanisms of biodegradable poly(ester anhydride)s by X-ray microtomography. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dang NTT, Turner MS, Coombes AGA. Development of intra-vaginal matrices from polycaprolactone for sustained release of antimicrobial agents. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:74-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328212437393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microporous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) matrices were loaded with an antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin and an antifungal agent, miconazole nitrate, respectively, for investigations of their potential as controlled vaginal delivery devices. Ciprofloxacin loadings up to 15% w/w could be obtained by increasing the drug content of the poly(ɛ-caprolactone) solution, while the actual loadings of miconazole were much lower (1–3% w/w) due to drug partition into methanol during the solvent extraction. The kinetics of ciprofloxacin release in simulated vaginal fluid at 37℃ were characterised by a small burst release phase in the first 24 h, low drug release up to 7 days (10%) and gradual release of up to 80% of the drug content by day 30. Meanwhile, the release kinetics of miconazole-loaded matrices could be effectively described by the Higuchi model with 100% drug release from the highest loaded matrices (3.2% w/w) in 13 days. Ciprofloxacin or miconazole released over 30 and 13 days, respectively, from poly(ɛ-caprolactone) matrices into simulated vaginal fluid retained high levels of antimicrobial activity in excess of 80% of the activity of the free drug. This study confirms the potential of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) matrices for delivering antimicrobial agents in the form of an intra-vaginal device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung TT Dang
- The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, 20 Cornwall street, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark S Turner
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Allan GA Coombes
- The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, 20 Cornwall street, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Microstructural investigation to the controlled release kinetics of monolith osmotic pump tablets via synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:270-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eisa F, Brauweiler R, Hupfer M, Nowak T, Lotz L, Hoffmann I, Wachter D, Dittrich R, Beckmann MW, Jost G, Pietsch H, Kalender WA. Dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-CT on mice with mammary carcinoma for the assessment of antiangiogenic therapy response. Eur Radiol 2011; 22:900-7. [PMID: 22071777 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of in vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (DCE micro-CT) for the assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response of mice with mammary carcinoma. METHODS 20 female mice with implanted MCF7 tumours were split into control group and therapy group treated with a known effective antiangiogenic drug. All mice underwent DCE micro-CT for the 3D analysis of functional parameters (relative blood volume [rBV], vascular permeability [K], area under the time-enhancement curve [AUC]) and morphology. All parameters were determined for total, peripheral and central tumour volumes of interest (VOIs). Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterise tumour vascularisation. 3D dose distributions were determined. RESULTS The mean AUCs were significantly lower in therapy with P values of 0.012, 0.007 and 0.023 for total, peripheral and central tumour VOIs. K and rBV showed significant differences for the peripheral (P(per)(K) = 0.032, P(per) (rBV) = 0.029), but not for the total and central tumour VOIs (P(total)(K) = 0.108, P(central)(K) = 0.246, P(total) (rBV) = 0.093, P(central) (rBV) = 0.136). Mean tumour volume was significantly smaller in therapy (P (in vivo) = 0.001, P (ex vivo) = 0.005). Histology revealed greater vascularisation in the controls and central tumour necrosis. Doses ranged from 150 to 300 mGy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the great potential of DCE micro-CT for early in vivo assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response. KEY POINTS Dynamic contrast enhanced micro-CT (computed tomography) is a new experimental laboratory technique. DCE micro-CT allows early in vivo assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response. Pharmaceutical drugs can be tested before translation to clinical practice. Both morphological and functional parameters can be obtained using DCE micro-CT. Antiangiogenic effects can be visualised with DCE micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eisa
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkest. 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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Gardyne SJ, Mucalo MR, Rathbone MJ. The application of co-melt-extruded poly(ε-caprolactone) as a controlled release drug delivery device when combined with novel bioactive drug candidates: Membrane permeation and Hanson dissolution studies. RESULTS IN PHARMA SCIENCES 2011; 1:80-7. [PMID: 25755986 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinphs.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Eight bioactive drug compounds (abamectin, amoxicillin, dexamethasone, dexamethasone valerate, ketoprofen, melatonin, oestradiol 17β, and oestradiol benzoate) were combined via melt extrusion and disc pressing processes with a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix and were then evaluated and compared via membrane diffusion and Hanson dissolution studies. This investigation was to determine the potential of this matrix to act as a controlled release drug delivery vehicle for a number of drugs not previously combined with PCL in a melt extrusion mix. The inclusion of the progesterone/PCL system, for which the drug release behaviour has been well studied before was intended for comparison with the PCL systems incorporating drugs that have received little research attention in the past. Initial studies centred on an evaluation of the permeation ability of the bioactive drugs dissolved in aqueous cyclodextrin solutions through a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membrane using Valia-Chien side-by-side cells. Permeation rates were mostly low and found to range from 0 to 122 μg h(-1) with only ketoprofen, melatonin, and progesterone displaying rates exceeding 20 μg h(-1). Hanson dissolution release profiles in aqueous alcohol were subsequently measured for the 9 melt extruded PCL/drug combinations and led to Hanson release rates of 0-556 μg cm(-2) h(-0.5) with dexamethasone, dexamethasone valerate, ketoprofen, melatonin, and progesterone giving values exceeding 100 μg cm(-2) h(-0.5). A number of drugs such as the dexamethasones probably performed better than they did in the permeability rate measurements because of the less polar aqueous alcoholic solvent used. In searching for useful correlations between the drug physicochemical properties and release rate, only a moderate correlation (R (2)=0.5675) between Hanson dissolution release rate and permeation rate was found. This suggests that the release rate and the permeation are both controlled by the rate of drug diffusion through the PCL with release rate involving an additional dissolution process (of the drug) before permeation occurs accounting for the moderate correlation. In general, of the eight drugs considered, it was clear that the oestradiol-based drugs, abamectin, and amoxicillin were generally not suited to drug delivery via PCL under the conditions used. However, ketoprofen was found to be very suitable as a drug candidate for melt extrusion with PCL with dexamethasone valerate, dexamethasone, and melatonin also showing potential as candidates though to a much lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gardyne
- Waikato Pathways College, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Mucalo
- Chemistry Department, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Rathbone
- School of Pharmacy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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