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Bultreys T, Ellman S, Schlepütz CM, Boone MN, Pakkaner GK, Wang S, Borji M, Van Offenwert S, Moazami Goudarzi N, Goethals W, Winardhi CW, Cnudde V. 4D microvelocimetry reveals multiphase flow field perturbations in porous media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316723121. [PMID: 38478686 PMCID: PMC10962996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316723121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Many environmental and industrial processes depend on how fluids displace each other in porous materials. However, the flow dynamics that govern this process are still poorly understood, hampered by the lack of methods to measure flows in optically opaque, microscopic geometries. We introduce a 4D microvelocimetry method based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography with fast imaging rates (up to 4 Hz). We use this to measure flow fields during unsteady-state drainage, injecting a viscous fluid into rock and filter samples. This provides experimental insight into the nonequilibrium energy dynamics of this process. We show that fluid displacements convert surface energy into kinetic energy. The latter corresponds to velocity perturbations in the pore-scale flow field behind the invading fluid front, reaching local velocities more than 40 times faster than the constant pump rate. The characteristic length scale of these perturbations exceeds the characteristic pore size by more than an order of magnitude. These flow field observations suggest that nonlocal dynamic effects may be long-ranged even at low capillary numbers, impacting the local viscous-capillary force balance and the representative elementary volume. Furthermore, the velocity perturbations can enhance unsaturated dispersive mixing and colloid transport and yet, are not accounted for in current models. Overall, this work shows that 4D X-ray velocimetry opens the way to solve long-standing fundamental questions regarding flow and transport in porous materials, underlying models of, e.g., groundwater pollution remediation and subsurface storage of CO2 and hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bultreys
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Sharon Ellman
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | | | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Gülce Kalyoncu Pakkaner
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Shan Wang
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Borji
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Van Offenwert
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Wannes Goethals
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Chandra Widyananda Winardhi
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, CB Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
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2
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Kerckhof P, Ambrocio GPL, Beeckmans H, Kaes J, Geudens V, Bos S, Willems L, Vermaut A, Vermant M, Goos T, De Fays C, Aversa L, Mohamady Y, Vanstapel A, Orlitová M, Van Slambrouck J, Jin X, Varghese V, Josipovic I, Boone MN, Dupont LJ, Weynand B, Dubbeldam A, Van Raemdonck DE, Ceulemans LJ, Gayan-Ramirez G, De Sadeleer LJ, McDonough JE, Vanaudenaerde BM, Vos R. Ventilatory capacity in CLAD is driven by dysfunctional airway structure. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105030. [PMID: 38394744 PMCID: PMC10897920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) encompasses three main phenotypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) and a Mixed phenotype combining both pathologies. How the airway structure in its entirety is affected in these phenotypes is still poorly understood. METHODS A detailed analysis of airway morphometry was applied to gain insights on the effects of airway remodelling on the distribution of alveolar ventilation in end-stage CLAD. Ex vivo whole lung μCT and tissue-core μCT scanning of six control, six BOS, three RAS and three Mixed explant lung grafts (9 male, 9 female, 2014-2021, Leuven, Belgium) were used for digital airway reconstruction and calculation of airway dimensions in relation to luminal obstructions. FINDINGS BOS and Mixed explants demonstrated airway obstructions of proximal bronchioles (starting at generation five), while RAS explants particularly had airway obstructions in the most distal bronchioles (generation >12). In BOS and Mixed explants 76% and 84% of bronchioles were obstructed, respectively, while this was 22% in RAS. Bronchiolar obstructions were mainly caused by lymphocytic inflammation of the airway wall or fibrotic remodelling, i.e. constrictive bronchiolitis. Proximal bronchiolectasis and imbalance in distal lung ventilation were present in all CLAD phenotypes and explain poor lung function and deterioration of specific lung function parameters. INTERPRETATION Alterations in the structure of conducting bronchioles revealed CLAD to affect alveolar ventilatory distribution in a regional fashion. The significance of various obstructions, particularly those associated with mucus, is highlighted. FUNDING This research was funded with the National research fund Flanders (G060322N), received by R.V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Kerckhof
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gene P L Ambrocio
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manilla, The Philippines
| | - Hanne Beeckmans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Kaes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geudens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saskia Bos
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Willems
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid Vermaut
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Vermant
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tinne Goos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Fays
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucia Aversa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yousry Mohamady
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vimi Varghese
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Heart and Lung Transplant, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Iván Josipovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriana Dubbeldam
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J De Sadeleer
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Cell Circuits in Systems Medicine of Lung Disease (Schiller Lab), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) / Comprehensive Pneumology Centre (CPC), German Centre for Lung Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - John E McDonough
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Goossens E, Deblock L, Caboor L, Eynden DVD, Josipovic I, Isaacura PR, Maksimova E, Van Impe M, Bonnin A, Segers P, Cornillie P, Boone MN, Van Driessche I, De Spiegelaere W, De Roo J, Sips P, De Buysser K. From Corrosion Casting to Virtual Dissection: Contrast-Enhanced Vascular Imaging using Hafnium Oxide Nanocrystals. Small Methods 2024:e2301499. [PMID: 38200600 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Vascular corrosion casting is a method used to visualize the three dimensional (3D) anatomy and branching pattern of blood vessels. A polymer resin is injected in the vascular system and, after curing, the surrounding tissue is removed. The latter often deforms or even fractures the fragile cast. Here, a method is proposed that does not require corrosion, and is based on in situ micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. To overcome the lack of CT contrast between the polymer cast and the animals' surrounding soft tissue, hafnium oxide nanocrystals (HfO2 NCs) are introduced as CT contrast agents into the resin. The NCs dramatically improve the overall CT contrast of the cast and allow for straightforward segmentation in the CT scans. Careful design of the NC surface chemistry ensures the colloidal stability of the NCs in the casting resin. Using only 5 m% of HfO2 NCs, high-quality cardiovascular casts of both zebrafish and mice can be automatically segmented using CT imaging software. This allows to differentiate even μ $\umu$ m-scale details without having to alter the current resin injection methods. This new method of virtual dissection by visualizing casts in situ using contrast-enhanced CT imaging greatly expands the application potential of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Goossens
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Loren Deblock
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lisa Caboor
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Iván Josipovic
- Center for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pablo Reyes Isaacura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
- Centre for Polymer Material Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Maksimova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Van Impe
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Center for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Laboratory of Veterinary Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Sips
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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4
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Organista C, Tang R, Shi Z, Jefimovs K, Josell D, Romano L, Spindler S, Kibleur P, Blykers B, Stampanoni M, Boone MN. Implementation of a dual-phase grating interferometer for multi-scale characterization of building materials by tunable dark-field imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:384. [PMID: 38172504 PMCID: PMC10764912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The multi-scale characterization of building materials is necessary to understand complex mechanical processes, with the goal of developing new more sustainable materials. To that end, imaging methods are often used in materials science to characterize the microscale. However, these methods compromise the volume of interest to achieve a higher resolution. Dark-field (DF) contrast imaging is being investigated to characterize building materials in length scales smaller than the resolution of the imaging system, allowing a direct comparison of features in the nano-scale range and overcoming the scale limitations of the established characterization methods. This work extends the implementation of a dual-phase X-ray grating interferometer (DP-XGI) for DF imaging in a lab-based setup. The interferometer was developed to operate at two different design energies of 22.0 keV and 40.8 keV and was designed to characterize nanoscale-size features in millimeter-sized material samples. The good performance of the interferometer in the low energy range (LER) is demonstrated by the DF retrieval of natural wood samples. In addition, a high energy range (HER) configuration is proposed, resulting in higher mean visibility and good sensitivity over a wider range of correlation lengths in the nanoscale range. Its potential for the characterization of mineral building materials is illustrated by the DF imaging of a Ketton limestone. Additionally, the capability of the DP-XGI to differentiate features in the nanoscale range is proven with the dark-field of Silica nanoparticles at different correlation lengths of calibrated sizes of 106 nm, 261 nm, and 507 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caori Organista
- Radiation Physics Research group, Department Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- UGent‑Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- Radiation Physics Research group, Department Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhitian Shi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Josell
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lucia Romano
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Simon Spindler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Kibleur
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- UGent‑Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Blykers
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics Research group, Department Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Tang R, Organista C, Romano L, Van Hoorebeke L, Stampanoni M, Aelterman J, Boone MN. Pixel-wise beam-hardening correction for dark-field signal in X-ray dual-phase grating interferometry. Opt Express 2023; 31:40450-40468. [PMID: 38041345 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The dark-field signal provided by X-ray grating interferometry is an invaluable tool for providing structural information beyond the direct spatial resolution and their variations on a macroscopic scale. However, when using a polychromatic source, the beam-hardening effect in the dark-field signal makes the quantitative sub-resolution structural information inaccessible. Especially, the beam-hardening effect in dual-phase grating interferometry varies with spatial location, inter-grating distance, and diffraction order. In this work, we propose a beam-hardening correction algorithm, taking into account all these factors. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm are then validated by experimental results. This work contributes a necessary step toward accessing small-angle scattering structural information in dual-phase grating interferometry.
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6
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Decorte M, Moazami Goudarzi N, Boone MN, Van Hove B, Preda FM, Verheyen E, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. The effect of particle size on the sublimation behavior of butylhydroxytoluene as antioxidant in tablets during storage and coating. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123264. [PMID: 37488059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of particle size on the sublimation behavior of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) was investigated when BHT was included as antioxidant in tablets. Sublimation of pure BHT was found to be independent of its particle size, with pore formation on the surface of all tablets after storage at room temperature and above. Moreover, a higher residual BHT content after storage was detected in tablets containing a larger size fraction. X-ray µCT scans revealed the formation of peripherally larger pores at higher BHT particle sizes, implying a slower sublimation rate in the tablet core. A stability study indicated an increase in the extent of BHT sublimation at higher temperature and longer exposure time for all size fractions. The influence of BHT particle size was more pronounced when the tablets were stored at higher temperature, but the effect receded with longer exposure time. Similar trends were seen in film-coated tablets. Due to the short exposure time to elevated temperatures, a gradient in pore size was also observed at smaller particle sizes, with peripheral pores being larger in uncoated tablets. Superficial pores disappeared when a film coating was deposited onto the tablets. After storage of the film-coated tablets, less BHT had sublimated compared to the uncoated tablet. The coating layer did not prevent sublimation, but the process was slowed down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Decorte
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Matthieu N Boone
- Centre for X-Ray Tomography - UGCT, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ben Van Hove
- Janssen R&D BE, Turnhoutsesteenweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Ellen Verheyen
- Janssen R&D BE, Turnhoutsesteenweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Geudens V, Van Slambrouck J, Aerts G, Willems L, Goos T, Kaes J, Zajacova A, Gyselinck I, Aelbrecht C, Vermaut A, Beeckmans H, Vermant M, De Fays C, Sacreas A, Aversa L, Orlitova M, Vanstapel A, Josipovic I, Boone MN, McDonough JE, Weynand B, Pilette C, Janssens W, Dupont L, Wuyts WA, Verleden GM, Van Raemdonck DE, Vos R, Gayan-Ramirez G, Ceulemans LJ, Vanaudenaerde BM. COVID-19 progression in hospitalized patients using follow-up in vivo CT and ex vivo microCT. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:3646-3661. [PMID: 37559650 PMCID: PMC10407474 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and evolve to pulmonary fibrosis. Computed tomography (CT) is used to study disease progression and describe radiological patterns in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess disease progression regarding lung volume and density over time on follow-up in vivo chest CT and give a unique look at parenchymal and morphological airway changes in "end-stage" COVID-19 lungs using ex vivo microCT. METHODS Volumes and densities of the lung/lobes of three COVID-19 patients were assessed using follow-up in vivo CT and ex vivo whole lung microCT scans. Airways were quantified by airway segmentations on whole lung microCT and small-partition microCT. As controls, three discarded healthy donor lungs were used. Histology was performed in differently affected regions in the COVID-19 lungs. RESULTS In vivo, COVID-19 lung volumes decreased while density increased over time, mainly in lower lobes as previously shown. Ex vivo COVID-19 lung volumes decreased by 60% and all lobes were smaller compared to controls. Airways were more visible on ex vivo microCT in COVID-19, probably due to fibrosis and increased airway diameter. In addition, small-partition microCT showed more deformation of (small) airway morphology and fibrotic organization in severely affected regions with heterogeneous distributions within the same lung which was confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-ARDS and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis alters lung architecture and airway morphology which is described using in vivo CT, ex vivo microCT, and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Geudens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gitte Aerts
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lynn Willems
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tinne Goos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Kaes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Zajacova
- Prague Lung Transplant Program, Department of Pneumology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iwein Gyselinck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celine Aelbrecht
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid Vermaut
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Beeckmans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Vermant
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Fays
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Sacreas
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Aversa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Orlitova
- Division of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan Josipovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - John E. McDonough
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim A. Wuyts
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M. Verleden
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E. Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M. Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, BREATHE, Department of Chrometa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Vijayakumar J, Goudarzi NM, Eeckhaut G, Schrijnemakers K, Cnudde V, Boone MN. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Tablets by X-ray Tomography. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050733. [PMID: 37242516 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms such as tablets are extensively used in drug administration for their simplicity and large-scale manufacturing capabilities. High-resolution X-ray tomography is one of the most valuable non-destructive techniques to investigate the internal structure of the tablets for drug product development as well as for a cost effective production process. In this work, we review the recent developments in high-resolution X-ray microtomography and its application towards different tablet characterizations. The increased availability of powerful laboratory instrumentation, as well as the advent of high brilliance and coherent 3rd generation synchrotron light sources, combined with advanced data processing techniques, are driving the application of X-ray microtomography forward as an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaianth Vijayakumar
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Eeckhaut
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Cnudde
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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9
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Verleden SE, Vanstapel A, Jacob J, Goos T, Hendriks J, Ceulemans LJ, Van Raemdonck DE, De Sadeleer L, Vos R, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, Neyrinck AP, Verleden GM, Boone MN, Janssens W, Wauters E, Weynand B, Jonigk DD, Verschakelen J, Wuyts WA. Radiologic and Histologic Correlates of Early Interstitial Lung Changes in Explanted Lungs. Radiology 2023; 307:e221145. [PMID: 36537894 PMCID: PMC7614383 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) reflect imaging features on lung CT scans that are compatible with (early) interstitial lung disease. Despite accumulating evidence regarding the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of ILAs, the histopathologic correlates of ILAs remain elusive. Purpose To determine the correlation between radiologic and histopathologic findings in CT-defined ILAs in human lung explants. Materials and Methods Explanted lungs or lobes from participants with radiologically documented ILAs were prospectively collected from 2010 to 2021. These specimens were air-inflated, frozen, and scanned with CT and micro-CT (spatial resolution of 0.7 mm and 90 μm, respectively). Subsequently, the lungs were cut and sampled with core biopsies. At least five samples per lung underwent micro-CT and subsequent histopathologic assessment with semiquantitative remodeling scorings. Based on area-specific radiologic scoring, the association between radiologic and histopathologic findings was assessed. Results Eight lung explants from six donors (median age at explantation, 71 years [range, 60-83 years]; four men) were included (unused donor lungs, n = 4; pre-emptive lobectomy for oncologic indications, n = 2). Ex vivo CT demonstrated ground-glass opacification, reticulation, and bronchiectasis. Micro-CT and histopathologic examination demonstrated that lung abnormalities were frequently paraseptal and associated with fibrosis and lymphocytic inflammation. The histopathologic results showed varying degrees of fibrosis in areas that appeared normal on CT scans. Regions of reticulation on CT scans generally had greater fibrosis at histopathologic analysis. Vasculopathy and bronchiectasis were also often present at histopathologic examination of lungs with ILAs. Fully developed fibroblastic foci were rarely observed. Conclusion This study demonstrated direct histologic correlates of CT-defined interstitial lung abnormalities. © RSNA, 2022 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Jeudy in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn E. Verleden
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Joseph Jacob
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Tinne Goos
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Jeroen Hendriks
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Dirk E. Van Raemdonck
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Laurens De Sadeleer
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Robin Vos
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Johanna M. Kwakkel-van Erp
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Arne P. Neyrinck
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Geert M. Verleden
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Wim Janssens
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Els Wauters
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Birgit Weynand
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Johny Verschakelen
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
| | - Wim A. Wuyts
- From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, BREATHE
(S.E.V., A.V., T.G., L.J.C., D.E.V.R., L.D.S., R.V., G.M.V., W.J., E.W.,
W.A.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.P.N.), and Department of
Imaging and Pathology (B.W., J.V.), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium; Department of ASTARC, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.E.V.,
J.H.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (S.E.V., J.M.K.v.E.) and Department of
Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (S.E.V., J.H.), University Hospital Antwerp,
Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.J.) and Centre for
Medical Image Computing (J.J.), University College London, London, UK;
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
(L.J.C., D.E.V.R.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University,
Ghent, Belgium (M.N.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive
Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research
(DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.)
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10
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Tang R, Organista C, Goethals W, Stolp W, Stampanoni M, Aelterman J, Boone MN. Detailed analysis of the interference patterns measured in lab-based X-ray dual-phase grating interferometry through wave propagation simulation. Opt Express 2023; 31:1677-1691. [PMID: 36785198 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the interference patterns measured in lab-based dual-phase grating interferometry and for the first time explain the spatial dependencies of the measured interference patterns and the large visibility deviations between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results. To achieve this, a simulator based on wave propagation is developed. This work proves that the experimental results can be simulated with high accuracy by including the effective grating thickness profile induced by the cone-beam geometry, the measured detector response function and a non-ideal grating shape. With the comprehensive understanding of dual-phase grating interferometry, this provides the foundations for a more efficient and accurate algorithm to retrieve sample's structure information, and the realistic simulator is a useful tool for optimizing the set-up.
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11
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Samaro A, Vergaelen M, Purino M, Tigrine A, de la Rosa VR, Goudarzi NM, Boone MN, Vanhoorne V, Hoogenboom R, Vervaet C. Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s: A polymer platform to sustain the release from tablets with a high drug loading. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100414. [PMID: 36133793 PMCID: PMC9483731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining the release of highly dosed APIs from a matrix tablet is challenging. To address this challenge, this study evaluated the performance of thermoplastic poly (2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) as matrix excipient to produce sustained-release tablets via three processing routes: (a) hot-melt extrusion (HME) combined with injection molding (IM), (b) HME combined with milling and compression and (c) direct compression (DC). Different PAOx (co-)polymers and polymer mixtures were processed with several active pharmaceutical ingredients having different aqueous solubilities and melting temperatures (metoprolol tartrate (MPT), metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and theophylline anhydrous (THA)). Different PAOx grades were synthesized and purified by the Supramolecular Chemistry Group, and the effect of PAOx grade and processing technique on the in vitro release kinetics was evaluated. Using the hydrophobic poly (2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx) as a matrix excipient allowed to sustain the release of different APIs, even at a 70% (w/w) drug load. Whereas complete THA release was not achieved from the PnPrOx matrix over 24 h regardless of the processing technique, adding 7.5% w/w of the hydrophilic poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) to the hydrophobic PnPrOx matrix significantly increased THA release, highlighting the relevance of mixing different PAOx grades. In addition, it was demonstrated that the release of THA was similar from co-polymer and polymer mixtures with the same polymer ratios. On the other hand, as the release of MTF from a PnPrOx matrix was fast, the more hydrophobic poly (2-sec-butyl-2-oxazoline) (PsecBuOx) was used to retard MTF release. In addition, a mixture between the hydrophilic PEtOx and the hydrophobic PsecBuOx allowed accurate tuning of the release of MTF formulations. Finally, it was demonstrated that PAOx also showed a high ability to tune the in vivo release. IM tablets containing 70% MTF and 30% PsecBuOx showed a lower in vivo bioavailability compared to IM tablets containing a low PEtOx concentration (7.5%, w/w) in combination with PsecBuOx (22.5%, w/w). Importantly, the in vivo MTF blood level from the sustained release tablets correlated well with the in vitro release profiles. In general, this work demonstrates that PAOx polymers offer a versatile formulation platform to adjust the release rate of different APIs, enabling sustained release from tablets with up to 70% w/w drug loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Purino
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ali Tigrine
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Avroxa BV., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium.,Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium.,Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Sinchuk Y, Kibleur P, Aelterman J, Boone MN, Van Paepegem W. Correction: Sinchuk et al. Variational and Deep Learning Segmentation of Very-Low-Contrast X-ray Computed Tomography Images of Carbon/Epoxy Woven Composites. Materials 2020, 13, 936. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8168. [PMID: 36431762 PMCID: PMC9694213 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We would like to change the authors' affiliation on the recent published paper [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Sinchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pierre Kibleur
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Aelterman
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing–Image Processing and Interpretation, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University—IMEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paepegem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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13
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Moazami Goudarzi N, Samaro A, Vervaet C, Boone MN. Development of Flow-Through Cell Dissolution Method for In Situ Visualization of Dissolution Processes in Solid Dosage Forms Using X-ray μCT. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112475. [PMID: 36432667 PMCID: PMC9696340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualization of the dynamic behavior of pharmaceutical dosage forms during the dissolution process offers a better understanding of the drug release mechanism, enabling the design of customized dosage forms. In this study, an X-ray tomography-based approach is proposed to monitor and analyze the dynamics of the structure at the pore scale level during the dissolution process. A flow-through cell dissolution apparatus was developed, capable of mimicking the standard in vitro dissolution process, which can be easily positioned in an X-ray tomography setup. The method was utilized to study the dissolution of a Capa® (polycaprolactone)-based sustained-release 3D printed tablet. The impact of the flow rate on the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release rate was studied and 16 mL/min was selected as a suitable flow rate. Furthermore, cesium chloride (CsCl) was used as a contrast agent to increase the contrast between the sample and the dissolution medium. Data obtained with this novel technique were in a good agreement with the released drug rate acquired by the standard in vitro dissolution test (the similarity factor (f2) = 77%). Finally, the proposed approach allowed visualizing the internal structure of the sample, as well as real-time tracking of solution ingress into the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (N.M.G.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Aseel Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (N.M.G.); (M.N.B.)
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14
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Proost K, Staszyk C, Boone MN, Vogelsberg J, Josipovic I, Vlaminck L, Chiers K. A histological description of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cheek teeth: Findings and anatomical variations in macroscopically normal molars. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:972973. [PMID: 36387382 PMCID: PMC9659760 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific literature on veterinary dentistry in alpacas has historically focused on the description of tooth root abscesses. However, recent studies have shown a variety of other, sometimes preceding dental conditions to be widespread in this species. To allow the development and finetuning of treatment strategies in this species, a more thorough understanding of the underlying etiopathogenesis of dental disease is required. Histological studies focusing on normal dental and surrounding tissues might serve as a basis for this purpose. Nine teeth, extracted from seven alpacas were collected. All samples were retrieved from animals that died or were euthanized for non-dental reasons. Histological sections were prepared at three different levels in each tooth and examined using light microscopy focusing on the assessment of pulp tissue, dentin, cementum, periodontal tissues and the apical region. The histological appearance of the investigated dental tissues in alpacas showed great similarities with other hypsodont species. However, a rather rare type of dentin called “vasodentin” could be identified in all examined cheek teeth. Another species-specific finding was the extremely close proximity of varying neighboring tooth roots that seemed to be responsible for inducing massive resorptive lesions. The results of this study might contribute to a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of some dental diseases in the alpaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Proost
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kirsten Proost
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy – Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, Radiation Physics Research Group – Centre for X-ray Tomography of the UGent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Vogelsberg
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivàn Josipovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy – Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, Radiation Physics Research Group – Centre for X-ray Tomography of the UGent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Vlaminck
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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15
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Blykers BK, Organista C, Kagias M, Marone F, Stampanoni M, Boone MN, Cnudde V, Aelterman J. Exploration of the X-ray Dark-Field Signal in Mineral Building Materials. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8100282. [PMID: 36286376 PMCID: PMC9604867 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral building materials suffer from weathering processes such as salt efflorescence, freeze-thaw cycling, and microbial colonization. All of these processes are linked to water (liquid and vapor) in the pore space. The degree of damage following these processes is heavily influenced by pore space properties such as porosity, pore size distribution, and pore connectivity. X-ray computed micro-tomography (µCT) has proven to be a valuable tool to non-destructively investigate the pore space of stone samples in 3D. However, a trade-off between the resolution and field-of-view often impedes reliable conclusions on the material's properties. X-ray dark-field imaging (DFI) is based on the scattering of X-rays by sub-voxel-sized features, and as such, provides information on the sample complementary to that obtained using conventional µCT. In this manuscript, we apply X-ray dark-field tomography for the first time on four mineral building materials (quartzite, fired clay brick, fired clay roof tile, and carbonated mineral building material), and investigate which information the dark-field signal entails on the sub-resolution space of the sample. Dark-field tomography at multiple length scale sensitivities was performed at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (Villigen, Switzerland) using a Talbot grating interferometer. The complementary information of the dark-field modality is most clear in the fired clay brick and roof tile; quartz grains that are almost indistinguishable in the conventional µCT scan are clearly visible in the dark-field owing to their low dark-field signal (homogenous sub-voxel structure), whereas the microporous bulk mass has a high dark-field signal. Large (resolved) pores on the other hand, which are clearly visible in the absorption dataset, are almost invisible in the dark-field modality because they are overprinted with dark-field signal originating from the bulk mass. The experiments also showed how the dark-field signal from a feature depends on the length scale sensitivity, which is set by moving the sample with respect to the grating interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Blykers
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Caori Organista
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias Kagias
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aelterman
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Image Processing and Interpretation, TELIN Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Huang C, Wilson MD, Suzuki K, Liotti E, Connolley T, Magdysyuk OV, Collins S, Van Assche F, Boone MN, Veale MC, Lui A, Wheater R, Leung CLA. 3D Correlative Imaging of Lithium Ion Concentration in a Vertically Oriented Electrode Microstructure with a Density Gradient. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105723. [PMID: 35404540 PMCID: PMC9165496 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The performance of Li+ ion batteries (LIBs) is hindered by steep Li+ ion concentration gradients in the electrodes. Although thick electrodes (≥300 µm) have the potential for reducing the proportion of inactive components inside LIBs and increasing battery energy density, the Li+ ion concentration gradient problem is exacerbated. Most understanding of Li+ ion diffusion in the electrodes is based on computational modeling because of the low atomic number (Z) of Li. There are few experimental methods to visualize Li+ ion concentration distribution of the electrode within a battery of typical configurations, for example, coin cells with stainless steel casing. Here, for the first time, an interrupted in situ correlative imaging technique is developed, combining novel, full-field X-ray Compton scattering imaging with X-ray computed tomography that allows 3D pixel-by-pixel mapping of both Li+ stoichiometry and electrode microstructure of a LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 cathode to correlate the chemical and physical properties of the electrode inside a working coin cell battery. An electrode microstructure containing vertically oriented pore arrays and a density gradient is fabricated. It is shown how the designed electrode microstructure improves Li+ ion diffusivity, homogenizes Li+ ion concentration through the ultra-thick electrode (1 mm), and improves utilization of electrode active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Huang
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- The Faraday InstitutionQuad One, Becquerel Ave, Harwell CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PHUK
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0FAUK
- Department of EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonWC2R 2LSUK
| | - Matthew D. Wilson
- STFC‐UKRIRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Kosuke Suzuki
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyGunma University1‐5‐1 Tenjin‐cho, KiryuGunma376‐8515Japan
| | - Enzo Liotti
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Thomas Connolley
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Oxana V. Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Stephen Collins
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- Radiation PhysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyFaculty of SciencesGhent UniversityProeftuinstraat 86/N12Gent9000Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Radiation PhysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyFaculty of SciencesGhent UniversityProeftuinstraat 86/N12Gent9000Belgium
| | - Matthew C. Veale
- STFC‐UKRIRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Andrew Lui
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Rhian‐Mair Wheater
- STFC‐UKRIRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Chu Lun Alex Leung
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0FAUK
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
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17
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Schreel JDM, Brodersen C, De Schryver T, Dierick M, Rubinstein A, Dewettinck K, Boone MN, Van Hoorebeke L, Steppe K. Foliar water uptake does not contribute to embolism repair in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Ann Bot 2022; 129:555-566. [PMID: 35141741 PMCID: PMC9007097 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Foliar water uptake has recently been suggested as a possible mechanism for the restoration of hydraulically dysfunctional xylem vessels. In this paper we used a combination of ecophysiological measurements, X-ray microcomputed tomography and cryo-scanning electron microscopy during a drought treatment to fully evaluate this hypothesis. KEY RESULTS Based on an assessment of these methods in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings we were able to (1) confirm an increase in the amount of hydraulically redistributed water absorbed by leaves when the soil water potential decreased, and (2) locate this redistributed water in hydraulically active vessels in the stem. However, (3) no embolism repair was observed irrespective of the organ under investigation (i.e. stem, petiole or leaf) or the intensity of drought. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for a hydraulic pathway from the leaf surface to the stem xylem following a water potential gradient, but this pathway exists only in functional vessels and does not play a role in embolism repair for beech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D M Schreel
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Dewettinck
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Proost K, Boone MN, Josipovic I, Pardon B, Chiers K, Vlaminck L. Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography - Part 2: Maxillary cheek teeth. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:6. [PMID: 34980090 PMCID: PMC8722134 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific knowledge regarding alpaca dentistry is relatively limited despite its clinical implications. The present gap in available supportive data leads to limited treatment options for dental pathology in alpacas in comparison to other species. The main goal of this study was to gain novel insights into the general and pulp morphology of maxillary cheek teeth to allow development of more advanced treatment strategies in the future. Also, the risk of causing pulp exposure when floating maxillary cheek teeth was of particular interest. Concurent research focusing on the anatomy of mandibular cheek teeth has been performed accordingly. The results obtained in mandibular teeth are expected to be non-extrapolatable because of the structural differences between mandibular and maxillary teeth. RESULTS Pulp morphology of maxillary cheek teeth showed great variation. A common pulp chamber was identified in 46/83 (55.4%) teeth with a mean dental age of 2 years and 7 months (± 2 years and 5 months). Pulpal segmentation was more commonly observed in teeth of increasing age. Full columnar segmentation was seen in 33/69 teeth (47.8%), whereas within-column segmentation was observed in 36/83 teeth (43.4%). Age and degree of segmentation of the pulpal tissue varied greatly according to Triadan position. Physical contact between roots of adjacent teeth was found in the majority of examined molars (range 82-94%) which resulted in morphological adaptations at the level of the root tips. The measured sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was as low as 0.46 mm above pulp horn 2 in a 14 years and 11 months old Triadan 09, emphasizing the risk of pulp exposure attributed to dental floating. CONCLUSION This study offers an objective description of age-dependent maxillary cheek teeth pulp morphology in alpacas. Current findings are of great value to provide a basis for the development of tooth-saving techniques as a treatment for dental disease in this species. Observed physical contact between the roots of different examined molars may be a facilitating factor in the spread of apical infection in chronically diseased cases. Finally, a conservative approach regarding dental floating is recommended in order to avoid iatrogenic damage to pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Proost
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy - Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, RP-UGCT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivàn Josipovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy - Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, RP-UGCT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Vlaminck
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lammens J, Goudarzi NM, Leys L, Nuytten G, Van Bockstal PJ, Vervaet C, Boone MN, De Beer T. Spin Freezing and Its Impact on Pore Size, Tortuosity and Solid State. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122126. [PMID: 34959407 PMCID: PMC8704350 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin freeze-drying, as a part of a continuous freeze-drying technology, is associated with a much higher drying rate and a higher level of process control in comparison with batch freeze-drying. However, the impact of the spin freezing rate on the dried product layer characteristics is not well understood at present. This research focuses on the relation between spin-freezing and pore size, pore shape, dried product mass transfer resistance and solid state of the dried product layer. This was thoroughly investigated via high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal imaging and solid state X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was concluded that slow spin-freezing rates resulted in the formation of highly tortuous structures with a high dried-product mass-transfer resistance, while fast spin-freezing rates resulted in lamellar structures with a low tortuosity and low dried-product mass-transfer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (N.M.G.); (M.N.B.)
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Leys
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (L.L.); (G.N.); (P.-J.V.B.)
| | - Gust Nuytten
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (L.L.); (G.N.); (P.-J.V.B.)
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (L.L.); (G.N.); (P.-J.V.B.)
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (N.M.G.); (M.N.B.)
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (L.L.); (G.N.); (P.-J.V.B.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Proost K, Boone MN, Josipovic I, Pardon B, Chiers K, Vlaminck L. Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography. Part 1: mandibular cheek teeth. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:334. [PMID: 34686206 PMCID: PMC8532286 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite dental disease being a common health concern in alpacas, important dental pathology including apical infection, remains poorly understood. Treatment options are limited compared to veterinary dentistry techniques in other species. The primary goal of this study was to increase understanding of the external and internal anatomy of mandibular cheek teeth to enable the development of tooth sparing techniques in this species. Also, an objective evaluation of the sub-occlusal dentinal thickness in normal mandibular cheek teeth is warranted to understand the risks associated with reduction of overgrown teeth. RESULTS Overall pulp anatomy was variably characterized by the presence of a common pulp chamber in younger teeth, and segmentation of pulp cavities into multiple separate pulp entities within the same tooth with increasing age. A common pulp chamber was identified in 55.3% (26/47) of teeth with a mean dental age of 1 year and 11 months (± 1 year and 8 months). Columnar segmentation was recorded in the remaining teeth with a mean dental age of 6 years and 5 months (± 3 years and 11 months). Age of segmentation of the common pulp chamber into multiple separate pulp entities shows wide variation and is dependent of the specific Triadan position. The present study illustrates the presence of disto-mesial root contacts between adjacent tooth roots, often leading to morphological adaptations, most frequently observed between Triadan 09-10s (80%) and 10-11s (67%). The measured sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was as low as 1.11 mm over some pulp horns. The sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was lower than 2, 3, and 4 mm in 13.1, 38.1 and 61.4% of performed measurements, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides detailed information on age-dependent mandibular cheek teeth anatomy in alpacas, which may support the use and development of advanced dental treatments in this species such as endodontics and tooth sectioning techniques. Apical morphological adaptations caused by disto-mesial root contact between adjacent mandibular cheek teeth are clearly illustrated. The limited amount of sub-occlusal secondary dentin warrants a cautious approach with regards to dental floating in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Proost
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy - Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, RP-UGCT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivàn Josipovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy - Radiation Physics, Faculty of Science, RP-UGCT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Vlaminck
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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21
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Blykers BK, Organista C, Boone MN, Kagias M, Marone F, Stampanoni M, Bultreys T, Cnudde V, Aelterman J. Tunable X-ray dark-field imaging for sub-resolution feature size quantification in porous media. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18446. [PMID: 34531486 PMCID: PMC8446041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed micro-tomography typically involves a trade-off between sample size and resolution, complicating the study at a micrometer scale of representative volumes of materials with broad feature size distributions (e.g. natural stones). X-ray dark-field tomography exploits scattering to probe sub-resolution features, promising to overcome this trade-off. In this work, we present a quantification method for sub-resolution feature sizes using dark-field tomograms obtained by tuning the autocorrelation length of a Talbot grating interferometer. Alumina particles with different nominal pore sizes (50 nm and 150 nm) were mixed and imaged at the TOMCAT beamline of the SLS synchrotron (PSI) at eighteen correlation lengths, covering the pore size range. The different particles cannot be distinguished by traditional absorption µCT due to their very similar density and the pores being unresolved at typical image resolutions. Nevertheless, by exploiting the scattering behavior of the samples, the proposed analysis method allowed to quantify the nominal pore sizes of individual particles. The robustness of this quantification was proven by reproducing the experiment with solid samples of alumina, and alumina particles that were kept separated. Our findings demonstrate the possibility to calibrate dark-field image analysis to quantify sub-resolution feature sizes, allowing multi-scale analyses of heterogeneous materials without subsampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Blykers
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Caori Organista
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-UGCT, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-UGCT, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias Kagias
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Bultreys
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research Group (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aelterman
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-UGCT, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- IPI-TELIN-IMEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Samaro A, Shaqour B, Goudarzi NM, Ghijs M, Cardon L, Boone MN, Verleije B, Beyers K, Vanhoorne V, Cos P, Vervaet C. Can filaments, pellets and powder be used as feedstock to produce highly drug-loaded ethylene-vinyl acetate 3D printed tablets using extrusion-based additive manufacturing? Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120922. [PMID: 34303815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine, produced through 3D printing, is a promising approach for delivering the required drug dose based on the patient's profile. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of two different extrusion-based additive manufacturing techniques - fused filament fabrication (FFF) and screw-based 3D printing, also known as direct extrusion additive manufacturing (DEAM). Different ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers (9 %VA, 12 %VA, 16 %VA, 18 %VA, 25 %VA, 28 %VA, and 40 %VA) were selected and loaded with 50% (w/w) metoprolol tartrate (MPT). Hot-melt extrusion was performed to produce the drug-loaded filaments. These filaments were used for FFF in which the mechanical and rheological properties were rate-limiting steps. The drug-loaded filament based on the 18 %VA polymer was the only printable formulation due to its appropriate mechanical and rheological properties. As for the highest VA content (40 %VA), the feeding pinch rolls cause buckling of the filaments due to insufficient stiffness, while other filaments were successfully feedable towards the extrusion nozzle. However, poor flowability out of the extrusion nozzle due to the rheological limitation excluded these formulations from the initial printing trials. Filaments were also pelletized and used for pellets-DEAM. This method showed freedom in formulation selection because the screw rotation drives the material flow with less dependence on their mechanical properties. All drug-loaded pellets were successfully printed via DEAM, as sufficient pressure was built up towards the nozzle due to single screw extrusion processing method. In contrast, filaments were used as a piston to build up the pressure required for extrusion in filament-based printing, which highly depends on the filament's mechanical properties. Moreover, printing trials using a physical mixture in powder form were also investigated and showed promising results. In vitro drug release showed similar release patterns for MPT-loaded 3D printed tablets regardless of the printing technique. Additionally, pellets-DEAM enabled the production of tablets with the highest VA content, which failed in FFF 3D printing but showed an interesting delayed release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Palestine
| | - Bahaa Shaqour
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Palestine
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Radiation Physics-Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Michael Ghijs
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics-Centre for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Batey DJ, Van Assche F, Vanheule S, Boone MN, Parnell AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Rau C, Cipiccia S. X-Ray Ptychography with a Laboratory Source. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:193902. [PMID: 34047586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.193902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray ptychography has revolutionized nanoscale phase contrast imaging at large-scale synchrotron sources in recent years. We present here the first successful demonstration of the technique in a small-scale laboratory setting. An experiment was conducted with a liquid metal-jet x-ray source and a single photon-counting detector with a high spectral resolution. The experiment used a spot size of 5 μm to produce a ptychographic phase image of a Siemens star test pattern with a submicron spatial resolution. The result and methodology presented show how high-resolution phase contrast imaging can now be performed at small-scale laboratory sources worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sander Vanheule
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Soft Matter Analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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24
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Cimmarusti GM, Shastry A, Boone MN, Cnudde V, Braeckman K, Brooker ADM, Robles ESJ, Britton MM. Characterization of Open-Cell Sponges via Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Tomography. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2187. [PMID: 33923267 PMCID: PMC8123218 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The applications of polymeric sponges are varied, ranging from cleaning and filtration to medical applications. The specific properties of polymeric foams, such as pore size and connectivity, are dependent on their constituent materials and production methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) offer complementary information about the structure and properties of porous media. In this study, we employed MRI, in combination with µCT, to characterize the structure of polymeric open-cell foam, and to determine how it changes upon compression, µCT was used to identify the morphology of the pores within sponge plugs, extracted from polyurethane open-cell sponges. MRI T2 relaxation maps and bulk T2 relaxation times measurements were performed for 7° dH water contained within the same polyurethane foams used for µCT. Magnetic resonance and µCT measurements were conducted on both uncompressed and 60% compressed sponge plugs. Compression was achieved using a graduated sample holder with plunger. A relationship between the average T2 relaxation time and maximum opening was observed, where smaller maximum openings were found to have a shorter T2 relaxation times. It was also found that upon compression, the average maximum opening of pores decreased. Average pore size ranges of 375-632 ± 1 µm, for uncompressed plugs, and 301-473 ± 1 µm, for compressed plugs, were observed. By determining maximum opening values and T2 relaxation times, it was observed that the pore structure varies between sponges within the same production batch, as well as even with a single sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Shastry
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.N.B.); (V.C.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.N.B.); (V.C.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.N.B.); (V.C.)
- PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Braeckman
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Brussel Innovation Center, 1853 Strombeek Bever, 100 Temselaan, Belgium;
| | - Anju D. M. Brooker
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Newcastle Innovation Center, Newcastle upon Tyne, Whitley Road, Longbenton NE12 9TS, UK; (A.D.M.B.); (E.S.J.R.)
| | - Eric S. J. Robles
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Newcastle Innovation Center, Newcastle upon Tyne, Whitley Road, Longbenton NE12 9TS, UK; (A.D.M.B.); (E.S.J.R.)
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Gao B, Laforce B, Vincze L, Hoorebeke LV, Boone MN. Quantitative Reconstruction of Polychromatic X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography Using Transmission Tomography. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2082-2089. [PMID: 33406819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through measuring the intensity of the fluorescence X-rays emitted by the elements of interest, X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is capable of mapping the elemental distribution inside an object without destructively sectioning it. With the recent advances in XFCT utilizing polychromatic microfocus X-ray sources, it is expected that the popularity of such imaging modality will rise further. However, XFCT suffers from self-absorption effects, which make it challenging to reconstruct the elemental distribution inside the sample accurately. For this reason, polychromatic XFCT is mainly used to retrieve the distribution of elements with a relatively high atomic number (Z) when compared to the matrix of the sample. To enable the quantitative reconstruction of trace and low Z elements with polychromatic XFCT, a novel reconstruction method has been proposed in this manuscript. Through examining the proposed method on both simulation data and experimental data, its capacity on retrieving the density distribution of relatively low Z elements has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Verleden SE, Kirby M, Everaerts S, Vanstapel A, McDonough JE, Verbeken EK, Braubach P, Boone MN, Aslam D, Verschakelen J, Ceulemans LJ, Neyrinck AP, Van Raemdonck DE, Vos R, Decramer M, Hackett TL, Hogg JC, Janssens W, Verleden GM, Vanaudenaerde BM. Small airway loss in the physiologically ageing lung: a cross-sectional study in unused donor lungs. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 9:167-174. [PMID: 33031747 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological lung ageing is associated with a gradual decline in dynamic lung volumes and a progressive increase in residual volume due to diminished elastic recoil of the lung, loss of alveolar tissue, and lower chest wall compliance. However, the effects of ageing on the small airways (ie, airways <2·0 mm in diameter) remain largely unknown. By using a combination of ex-vivo conventional CT (resolution 1 mm), whole lung micro-CT (resolution 150 μm), and micro-CT of extracted cores (resolution 10 μm), we aimed to provide a multiresolution assessment of the small airways in lung ageing in a large cohort of never smokers. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we included donor lungs collected from 32 deceased never-smoking donors (age range 16-83 years). Ex-vivo CT and whole lung high-resolution CT (micro-CT) were used to determine total airway numbers, stratified by airway diameter. Micro-CT was used to assess the number, length, and diameter of terminal bronchioles (ie, the last generation of conducting airways); mean linear intercept; and surface density in four lung tissue cores from each lung, extracted using a uniform sampling approach. Regression β coefficients are calculated using linear regression and polynomial models. FINDINGS Ex-vivo CT analysis showed an age-dependent decrease in the number of airways of diameter 2·0 mm to less than 2·5 mm (β coefficient per decade -0·119, 95% CI -0·193 to -0·045; R2=0·29) and especially in airways smaller than 2·0 mm in diameter (-0·158, -0·233 to -0·084; R2=0·47), between 30 and 80 years of age, but not of the larger (≥2·5 mm) diameter airways (-0·00781, -0·04409 to 0·02848; R2=0·0007). In micro-CT analysis of small airways, the total number of terminal bronchioles per lung increased until the age of 30 years, after which an almost linear decline in the number of terminal bronchioles was observed (β coefficient per decade -2035, 95% CI -2818 to -1252; R2=0·55), accompanied by a non-significant increase in alveolar airspace size (6·44, -0·57 to 13·45, R2=0·10). Moreover, this decrease in terminal bronchioles was associated with the age-related decline of pulmonary function predicted by healthy reference values. INTERPRETATION Loss of terminal bronchioles is an important structural component of age-related decline in pulmonary function of healthy, non-smoking individuals. FUNDING Research Foundation-Flanders, KU Leuven, Parker B Francis Foundation, UGent, Canadian Institutes for Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn E Verleden
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Miranda Kirby
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Everaerts
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John E McDonough
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik K Verbeken
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics-Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danesh Aslam
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne P Neyrinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Decramer
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Goethals W, Vanbillemont B, Lammens J, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Boone MN. In-Situ X-ray Imaging Of Sublimating Spin-Frozen Solutions. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13132953. [PMID: 32630310 PMCID: PMC7378758 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spin-freeze-drying is a promising technique to enable long-term storage of pharmaceutical unit doses of aqueous drug solutions. To investigate the sublimation of the ice during the primary phase of freeze-drying, X-ray imaging can yield crucial temporally resolved information on the local dynamics. In this paper, we describe a methodology to investigate the sublimation front during single unit-dose freeze-drying using 4D in-situ X-ray imaging. Three spin-frozen samples of different solutions were imaged using this methodology and the process characteristics were analysed and reduced to two-dimensional feature maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Goethals
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Brecht Vanbillemont
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (B.V.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (B.V.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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28
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Vanbillemont B, Lammens J, Goethals W, Vervaet C, Boone MN, De Beer T. 4D Micro-Computed X-ray Tomography as a Tool to Determine Critical Process and Product Information of Spin Freeze-Dried Unit Doses. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E430. [PMID: 32392705 PMCID: PMC7284464 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining chemical and physical stability of the product during freeze-drying is important but challenging. In addition, freeze-drying is typically associated with long process times. Therefore, mechanistic models have been developed to maximize drying efficiency without altering the chemical or physical stability of the product. Dried product mass transfer resistance ( R p ) is a critical input for these mechanistic models. Currently available techniques to determine R p only provide an estimation of the mean R p and do not allow measuring and determining essential local (i.e., intra-vial) R p differences. In this study, we present an analytical method, based on four-dimensional micro-computed tomography (4D- μ CT), which enables the possibility to determine intra-vial R p differences. Subsequently, these obtained R p values are used in a mechanistic model to predict the drying time distribution of a spin-frozen vial. Finally, this predicted primary drying time distribution is experimentally verified via thermal imaging during drying. It was further found during this study that 4D- μ CT uniquely allows measuring and determining other essential freeze-drying process parameters such as the moving direction(s) of the sublimation front and frozen product layer thickness, which allows gaining accurate process knowledge. To conclude, the study reveals that the variation in the end of primary drying time of a single vial could be predicted accurately using 4D- μ CT as similar results were found during the verification using thermal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Vanbillemont
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Wannes Goethals
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.G.); (M.N.B.)
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.G.); (M.N.B.)
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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29
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Gao B, Laforce B, Dhaene J, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN. An analytical simulation method for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Sinchuk Y, Kibleur P, Aelterman J, Boone MN, Van Paepegem W. Variational and Deep Learning Segmentation of Very-low-contrast X-ray Computed Tomography Images of Carbon/Epoxy Woven Composites. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13040936. [PMID: 32093177 PMCID: PMC7079634 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to find an effective image segmentation method for lab-based micro-tomography (µ-CT) data of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with insufficient contrast-to-noise ratio. The segmentation is the first step in creating a realistic geometry (based on µ-CT) for finite element modelling of textile composites on meso-scale. Noise in X-ray imaging data of carbon/polymer composites forms a challenge for this segmentation due to the very low X-ray contrast between fiber and polymer and unclear fiber gradients. To the best of our knowledge, segmentation of µ-CT images of carbon/polymer textile composites with low resolution data (voxel size close to the fiber diameter) remains poorly documented. In this paper, we propose and evaluate different approaches for solving the segmentation problem: variational on the one hand and deep-learning-based on the other. In the author’s view, both strategies present a novel and reliable ground for the segmentation of µ-CT data of CFRP woven composites. The predictions of both approaches were evaluated against a manual segmentation of the volume, constituting our “ground truth”, which provides quantitative data on the segmentation accuracy. The highest segmentation accuracy (about 4.7% in terms of voxel-wise Dice similarity) was achieved using the deep learning approach with U-Net neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Sinchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre Kibleur
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.A.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Jan Aelterman
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.A.); (M.N.B.)
- Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing–Image Processing and Interpretation, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University—IMEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.A.); (M.N.B.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paepegem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
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De Spiegelaere W, Caboor L, Van Impe M, Boone MN, De Backer J, Segers P, Sips P. Corrosion casting of the cardiovascular structure in adult zebrafish for analysis by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:635-642. [PMID: 31995240 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have come to the forefront as a flexible, relevant animal model to study human disease, including cardiovascular disorders. Zebrafish are optically transparent during early developmental stages, enabling unparalleled imaging modalities to examine cardiovascular structure and function in vivo and ex vivo. At later stages, however, the options for systematic cardiovascular phenotyping are more limited. To visualise the complete vascular tree of adult zebrafish, we have optimised a vascular corrosion casting method. We present several improvements to the technique leading to increased reproducibility and accuracy. We designed a customised support system and used a combination of the commercially available Mercox II methyl methacrylate with the Batson's catalyst for optimal vascular corrosion casting of zebrafish. We also highlight different imaging approaches, with a focus on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) to obtain highly detailed, faithful three-dimensional reconstructed images of the zebrafish cardiovascular structure. This procedure can be of great value to a wide range of research lines related to cardiovascular biology in small specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Caboor
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Impe
- Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Center for X-ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Boone MN, Van Assche F, Vanheule S, Cipiccia S, Wang H, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L. Full-field spectroscopic measurement of the X-ray beam from a multilayer monochromator using a hyperspectral X-ray camera. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:110-118. [PMID: 31868743 PMCID: PMC6927514 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer monochromator devices are commonly used at (imaging) beamlines of synchrotron facilities to shape the X-ray beam to relatively small bandwidth and high intensity. However, stripe artefacts are often observed and can deteriorate the image quality. Although the intensity distribution of these artefacts has been described in the literature, their spectral distribution is currently unknown. To assess the spatio-spectral properties of the monochromated X-ray beam, the direct beam has been measured for the first time using a hyperspectral X-ray detector. The results show a large number of spectral features with different spatial distributions for a [Ru, B4C] strip monochromator, associated primarily with the higher-order harmonics of the undulator and monochromator. It is found that their relative contributions are sufficiently low to avoid an influence on the imaging data. The [V, B4C] strip suppresses these high-order harmonics even more than the former, yet at the cost of reduced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N. Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sander Vanheule
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hongchang Wang
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Van den Bulcke J, Boone MA, Dhaene J, Van Loo D, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN, Wyffels F, Beeckman H, Van Acker J, De Mil T. Advanced X-ray CT scanning can boost tree ring research for earth system sciences. Ann Bot 2019; 124:837-847. [PMID: 31361809 PMCID: PMC6868372 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tree rings, as archives of the past and biosensors of the present, offer unique opportunities to study influences of the fluctuating environment over decades to centuries. As such, tree-ring-based wood traits are capital input for global vegetation models. To contribute to earth system sciences, however, sufficient spatial coverage is required of detailed individual-based measurements, necessitating large amounts of data. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning is one of the few techniques that can deliver such data sets. METHODS Increment cores of four different temperate tree species were scanned with a state-of-the-art X-ray CT system at resolutions ranging from 60 μm down to 4.5 μm, with an additional scan at a resolution of 0.8 μm of a splinter-sized sample using a second X-ray CT system to highlight the potential of cell-level scanning. Calibration-free densitometry, based on full scanner simulation of a third X-ray CT system, is illustrated on increment cores of a tropical tree species. KEY RESULTS We show how multiscale scanning offers unprecedented potential for mapping tree rings and wood traits without sample manipulation and with limited operator intervention. Custom-designed sample holders enable simultaneous scanning of multiple increment cores at resolutions sufficient for tree ring analysis and densitometry as well as single core scanning enabling quantitative wood anatomy, thereby approaching the conventional thin section approach. Standardized X-ray CT volumes are, furthermore, ideal input imagery for automated pipelines with neural-based learning for tree ring detection and measurements of wood traits. CONCLUSIONS Advanced X-ray CT scanning for high-throughput processing of increment cores is within reach, generating pith-to-bark ring width series, density profiles and wood trait data. This would allow contribution to large-scale monitoring and modelling efforts with sufficient global coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | | | - Jelle Dhaene
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom De Mil
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
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De Schryver T, Dierick M, Heyndrickx M, Van Stappen J, Boone MA, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN. Motion compensated micro-CT reconstruction for in-situ analysis of dynamic processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7655. [PMID: 29769576 PMCID: PMC5955979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a framework to exploit the synergy between Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) and iterative CT reconstruction to enhance the quality of high-resolution dynamic X-ray CT (4D-µCT) and obtain quantitative results from the acquired dataset in the form of 3D strain maps which can be directly correlated to the material properties. Furthermore, we show that the developed framework is capable of strongly reducing motion artifacts even in a dataset containing a single 360° rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Schryver
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Heyndrickx
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Stappen
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marijn A Boone
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium. .,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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35
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De Jaeghere E, De Vlieghere E, Van Hoorick J, Van Vlierberghe S, Wagemans G, Pieters L, Melsens E, Praet M, Van Dorpe J, Boone MN, Ghobeira R, De Geyter N, Bracke M, Vanhove C, Neyt S, Berx G, De Geest BG, Dubruel P, Declercq H, Ceelen W, De Wever O. Heterocellular 3D scaffolds as biomimetic to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment of peritoneal metastases in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2017; 158:95-105. [PMID: 29306747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a major cause of death and preclinical models are urgently needed to enhance therapeutic progress. This study reports on a hybrid hydrogel-polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold that mimics the architecture of peritoneal metastases at the qualitative, quantitative and spatial level. Porous PLA scaffolds with controllable pore size, geometry and surface properties are functionalized by type I collagen hydrogel. Co-seeding of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) increases cancer cell adhesion, recovery and exponential growth by in situ heterocellular spheroid formation. Scaffold implantation into the peritoneum allows long-term follow-up (>14 weeks) and results in a time-dependent increase in vascularization, which correlates with cancer cell colonization in vivo. CAF, endothelial cells, macrophages and cancer cells show spatial and quantitative aspects as similarly observed in patient-derived peritoneal metastases. CAF provide long-term secretion of complementary paracrine factors implicated in spheroid formation in vitro as well as in recruitment and organization of host cells in vivo. In conclusion, the multifaceted heterocellular interactions that occur within peritoneal metastases are reproduced in this tissue-engineered implantable scaffold model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel De Jaeghere
- Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Wagemans
- Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Pieters
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elodie Melsens
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Surgery, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Praet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rouba Ghobeira
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute Biomedical Technology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Neyt
- MOLECUBES NV, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 325 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemstesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Surgery, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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36
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Laforce B, Masschaele B, Boone MN, Schaubroeck D, Dierick M, Vekemans B, Walgraeve C, Janssen C, Cnudde V, Van Hoorebeke L, Vincze L. Integrated Three-Dimensional Microanalysis Combining X-Ray Microtomography and X-Ray Fluorescence Methodologies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10617-10624. [PMID: 28877438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel 3D elemental and morphological analysis approach is presented combining X-ray computed tomography (μCT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography, and confocal XRF analysis in a single laboratory instrument (Herakles). Each end station of Herakles (μCT, XRF-CT, and confocal XRF) represents the state-of-the-art of currently available laboratory techniques. The integration of these techniques enables linking the (quantitative) spatial distribution of chemical elements within the investigated materials to their three-dimensional (3D) internal morphology/structure down to 1-10 μm resolution level, which has not been achieved so-far using laboratory X-ray techniques. The concept of Herakles relies strongly on its high precision (around 100 nm) air-bearing motor system that connects the different end-stations, allowing combined measurements based on the above X-ray techniques while retaining the coordinate system. In-house developed control and analysis software further ensures a smooth integration of the techniques. Case studies on a Cu test pattern, a Daphnia magna model organism and a perlite biocatalyst support material demonstrate the attainable resolution, elemental sensitivity of the instrument, and the strength of combining these three complementary methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Masschaele
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,X-Ray Engineering (XRE) bvba , Technologiepark 5, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Schaubroeck
- Center for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University , Technologiepark 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vekemans
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Walgraeve
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- UGCT-PProGRess, Department of geology, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Van Malderen SJM, Laforce B, Van Acker T, Nys C, De Rijcke M, de Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Boone MN, De Schamphelaere K, Borovinskaya O, De Samber B, Vincze L, Vanhaecke F. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Tissue-Specific Multielemental Distribution within Ceriodaphnia dubia via Multimodal Registration Using Laser Ablation ICP-Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Spectroscopic Techniques. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4161-4168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn J. M. Van Malderen
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Laforce
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Van Acker
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Nys
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Matthieu N. Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Björn De Samber
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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38
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Houben A, Pien N, Lu X, Bisi F, Van Hoorick J, Boone MN, Roose P, Van den Bergen H, Bontinck D, Bowden T, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Indirect Solid Freeform Fabrication of an Initiator-Free Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Precursor for the Creation of Porous Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1883-1894. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Houben
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nele Pien
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Xi Lu
- Materials in Medicine Group; Uppsala University; Lägerhyddsvägen 1 75105 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Francesca Bisi
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Pietro Vivarelli 10 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels Photonics Team; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Elsene Belgium
| | - Matthieu N. Boone
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy; Ghent University; Proeftuinstraat 86/N12 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Patrice Roose
- Allnex R&D; Allnex; Anderlechtstraat 33 1620 Drogenbos Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Bontinck
- Allnex R&D; Allnex; Anderlechtstraat 33 1620 Drogenbos Belgium
| | - Tim Bowden
- Polymer Chemistry; Uppsala University; Lägerhyddsvägen 1 75105 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels Photonics Team; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Elsene Belgium
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39
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Civardi C, Van den Bulcke J, Schubert M, Michel E, Butron MI, Boone MN, Dierick M, Van Acker J, Wick P, Schwarze FWMR. Penetration and Effectiveness of Micronized Copper in Refractory Wood Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163124. [PMID: 27649315 PMCID: PMC5029918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The North American wood decking market mostly relies on easily treatable Southern yellow pine (SYP), which is being impregnated with micronized copper (MC) wood preservatives since 2006. These formulations are composed of copper (Cu) carbonate particles (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 250 μm, according to manufacturers. MC-treated SYP wood is protected against decay by solubilized Cu2+ ions and unreacted CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 particles that successively release Cu2+ ions (reservoir effect). The wood species used for the European wood decking market differ from the North American SYP. One of the most common species is Norway spruce wood, which is poorly treatable i.e. refractory due to the anatomical properties, like pore size and structure, and chemical composition, like pit membrane components or presence of wood extractives. Therefore, MC formulations may not suitable for refractory wood species common in the European market, despite their good performance in SYP. We evaluated the penetration effectiveness of MC azole (MCA) in easily treatable Scots pine and in refractory Norway spruce wood. We assessed the effectiveness against the Cu-tolerant wood-destroying fungus Rhodonia placenta. Our findings show that MCA cannot easily penetrate refractory wood species and could not confirm the presence of a reservoir effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Civardi
- ETH, Institute for Building Materials, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa, Applied Wood Materials, Dübendorf/ St. Gallen, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CC); (FS)
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT - Woodlab-UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mark Schubert
- Empa, Applied Wood Materials, Dübendorf/ St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthieu N. Boone
- UGCT - Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT - Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT - Woodlab-UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Particles-Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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40
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Boone MN, Garrevoet J, Tack P, Scharf O, Cormode DP, Van Loo D, Pauwels E, Dierick M, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L. High spectral and spatial resolution X-ray transmission radiography and tomography using a Color X-ray Camera. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 2014; 735:10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.044. [PMID: 24357889 PMCID: PMC3864699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High resolution X-ray radiography and computed tomography are excellent techniques for non-destructive characterization of an object under investigation at a spatial resolution in the micrometer range. However, as the image contrast depends on both chemical composition and material density, no chemical information is obtained from this data. Furthermore, lab-based measurements are affected by the polychromatic X-ray beam, which results in beam hardening effects. New types of X-ray detectors which provide spectral information on the measured X-ray beam can help to overcome these limitations. In this paper, an energy dispersive CCD detector with high spectral resolution is characterized for use in high resolution radiography and tomography, where a focus is put on the experimental conditions and requirements of both measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Tack
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Oliver Scharf
- IfG-Institute for Scientific Instruments GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29/31; D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David P Cormode
- University of Pennsylvania, Depts. Radiology, Cardiology and Bioengineering, O3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Denis Van Loo
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elin Pauwels
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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41
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Brabant L, Dierick M, Pauwels E, Boone MN, Van Hoorebeke L. EDART, a discrete algebraic reconstructing technique for experimental data obtained with high resolution computed tomography. J Xray Sci Technol 2014; 22:47-61. [PMID: 24463385 DOI: 10.3233/xst-130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel reconstruction method is presented to improve the image quality of three dimensional (3D) datasets for samples consisting of only one material and surrounding air, obtained with high resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (μCT). It combines discrete tomography with iterative reconstruction algorithms, it is applicable for routine μCT applications and is referred to as the Experimental Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (EDART). A fast and intuitive method to estimate the attenuation coefficient and segmentation threshold, in case these are unknown, is included. Experimental results illustrate that EDART allows the improvement of the reconstruction quality as compared to standard iterative reconstruction when few projections are available, without significantly increasing the reconstruction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brabant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Dierick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - E Pauwels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - M N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - L Van Hoorebeke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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42
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Boone MA, Nielsen P, De Kock T, Boone MN, Quaghebeur M, Cnudde V. Monitoring of stainless-steel slag carbonation using X-ray computed microtomography. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 48:674-680. [PMID: 24392942 DOI: 10.1021/es402767q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Steel production is one of the largest contributors to industrial CO2 emissions. This industry also generates large amounts of solid byproducts, such as slag and sludge. In this study, fine grained stainless-steel slag (SSS) is valorized to produce compacts with high compressive strength without the use of a hydraulic binder. This carbonation process is investigated on a pore-scale level to identify how the mineral phases in the SSS react with CO2, where carbonates are formed, and what the impact of these changes is on the pore network of the carbonated SSS compact. In addition to conventional research techniques, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) is applied to visualize and quantify the changes in situ during the carbonation process. The results show that carbonates mainly precipitate at grain contacts and in capillary pores and this precipitation has little effect on the connectivity of the pore space. This paper also demonstrates the use of a custom-designed polymer reaction cell that allows in situ HRXCT analysis of the carbonation process. This shows the distribution and influence of water and CO2 in the pore network on the carbonate precipitation and, thus, the influence on the compressive strength development of the waste material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn A Boone
- Unit Sustainable Materials Management, VITO , Mol 2400, Belgium
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Masschaele B, Dierick M, Loo DV, Boone MN, Brabant L, Pauwels E, Cnudde V, Hoorebeke LV. HECTOR: A 240kV micro-CT setup optimized for research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/463/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dewanckele J, Boone MA, De Kock T, De Boever W, Brabant L, Boone MN, Fronteau G, Dils J, Van Hoorebeke L, Jacobs P, Cnudde V. Holistic approach of pre-existing flaws on the decay of two limestones. Sci Total Environ 2013; 447:403-414. [PMID: 23410862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the influence of the microfacies and the determination of pre-existing flaws on the weathering behavior of two types of limestones. Therefore, both Lede and Noyant limestones were independently weathered by strong acid tests and freeze-thaw cycles. In order to characterize the weathering patterns inside the stones, a combination of high resolution X-ray CT, SEM-EDS and thin section microscopy was used. The advantage of high resolution X-ray CT is its non-destructive character and the obtained 3D structural information. By using this technique, a time-lapse sequence of the weathering patterns was obtained for both gypsum crust formation as well as crack formation due to freezing and thawing. This way, a clear link could be made with the initial non-weathered state. Thin section microscopy and SEM-EDS provided additional chemical information. The focus of this study lies in the processes that occur in the bioclast fragments in the stone and the influence of the surrounding cement or matrix. The results show that weathering patterns vary for both limestones although the causes of weathering were similar. In case of the Noyant stone, the weathering by crystallizing gypsum was mainly restricted to the microporous matrix of the stone, while in case of the Lede stone, several foraminifera and shell fragments were preferentially recrystallized. In general, the underlying microstructure determines the weathering pattern of the stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dewanckele
- Department of Geology and Soil Science - UGCT, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000,Ghent, Belgium.
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Wernersson ELG, Boone MN, Van den Bulcke J, Van Hoorebeke L, Luengo Hendriks CL. Postprocessing method for reducing phase effects in reconstructed microcomputed-tomography data. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2013; 30:455-461. [PMID: 23456121 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.30.000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With increased resolution in x-ray computed tomography, refraction adds increasingly to the attenuation signal. Though potentially beneficial, the artifacts caused by refraction often need to be removed from the image. In this paper, we propose a postprocessing method, based on deconvolution, that is able to remove these artifacts after conventional reconstruction. This method poses two advantages over existing projection-based (preprocessing) phase-retrieval or phase-removal algorithms. First, evaluation of the parameters can be done very quickly, improving the overall speed of the method. Second, postprocessing methods can be applied when projection data is not available, which occurs in several commercial systems with closed software or when projection data has been deleted. It is shown that the proposed method performs comparably to state-of-the-art methods in terms of image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L G Wernersson
- Centre for Image Analysis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Boone MN, Devulder W, Dierick M, Brabant L, Pauwels E, Van Hoorebeke L. Comparison of two single-image phase-retrieval algorithms for in-line x-ray phase-contrast imaging. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2012; 29:2667-2672. [PMID: 23455917 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.29.002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The attenuation of x-rays in a material forms the basis of x-ray radiography and tomography. By measuring the transmission of the x-rays over a large amount of raypaths, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient can be reconstructed in a 3D volume. In x-ray microtomography (μCT), however, the x-ray refraction yields a significant signal in the transmission image and the 3D distribution of the refractive index can be reconstructed in a 3D volume. To do so, several methods exist, on both a hardware and software level. In this paper, we compare two similar software methods, the modified Bronnikov algorithm and the simultaneous phase-and-amplitude retrieval. The first method assumes a pure phase object, whereas the latter assumes a homogeneous object. Although these assumptions seem very restrictive, both methods have proven to yield good results on experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy Proeftuinstraat 86, Gent B-9000, Belgium.
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Boone MN, De Witte Y, Dierick M, Almeida A, Van Hoorebeke L. Improved signal-to-noise ratio in laboratory-based phase contrast tomography. Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:399-405. [PMID: 22284855 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In conventional X-ray microtomography (μCT), the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the attenuation coefficient of X-rays is measured and reconstructed in a 3D volume. As spatial resolution increases, the refraction of X-rays becomes a significant phenomenon in the imaging process. Although this so-called phase contrast was initially a cumbersome feature in lab-based μCT, special phase retrieval algorithms were developed to exploit these effects. Clear advantages in terms of visualization and analysis can be seen when phase retrieval algorithms are applied, including an increased signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, this is demonstrated both on simulated and measured data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N Boone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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De Rycke LM, Boone MN, Van Caelenberg AI, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, van Bree H, Gielen IM. Micro-computed tomography of the head and dentition in cadavers of clinically normal rabbits. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:227-32. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dewanckele J, De Kock T, Boone MA, Cnudde V, Brabant L, Boone MN, Fronteau G, Van Hoorebeke L, Jacobs P. 4D imaging and quantification of pore structure modifications inside natural building stones by means of high resolution X-ray CT. Sci Total Environ 2012; 416:436-448. [PMID: 22225825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Weathering processes have been studied in detail for many natural building stones. The most commonly used analytical techniques in these studies are thin-section petrography, SEM, XRD and XRF. Most of these techniques are valuable for chemical and mineralogical analysis of the weathering patterns. However, to obtain crucial quantitative information on structural evolutions like porosity changes and growth of weathering crusts in function of time, non-destructive techniques become necessary. In this study, a Belgian historical calcareous sandstone, the Lede stone, was exposed to gaseous SO(2) under wet surface conditions according to the European Standard NBN EN 13919 (2003). Before, during and after the strong acid test, high resolution X-ray tomography has been performed to visualize gypsum crust formation to yield a better insight into the effects of gaseous SO(2) on the pore modification in 3D. The tomographic scans were taken at the Centre for X-ray Tomography at Ghent University (UGCT). With the aid of image analysis, partial porosity changes were calculated in different stadia of the process. Increasing porosity has been observed visually and quantitatively below the new superficial formed layer of gypsum crystals. In some cases micro-cracks and dissolution zones were detected on the grain boundaries of quartz. By using Morpho+, an in-house developed image analysis program, radial porosity, partial porosity, ratio of open and closed porosity and equivalent diameter of individual pore structures have been calculated. The results obtained in this study are promising for a better understanding of gypsum weathering mechanisms, porosity changes and patterns on natural building stones in four dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dewanckele
- Department of Geology and Soil Science - UGCT, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Leysen H, Christiaens J, De Kegel B, Boone MN, Van Hoorebeke L, Adriaens D. Musculoskeletal structure of the feeding system and implications of snout elongation in Hippocampus reidi and Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus. J Fish Biol 2011; 78:1799-1823. [PMID: 21651529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A thorough morphological description of the feeding apparatus in Hippocampus reidi, a long-snouted seahorse, and Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus, an extremely long-snouted pipefish, revealed specialized features that might be associated with the fast and powerful suction feeding, like the two ligamentous connections between the lower jaw and the hyoid, the saddle joint of the latter with the suspensorium and the vertebro-pectoral fusion that articulates on three points with the cranium. Despite the conserved morphology of the feeding apparatus, it was found that in H. reidi the orientation of the occipital joint is ventrocaudal, the sternohyoideus and epaxial muscles are more bulky and both have a short tendon. In D. dactyliophorus, on the other hand, the protractor hyoidei muscle is enclosed by the mandibulo-hyoid ligament, the sternohyoideus and epaxial tendons are long and a sesamoid bone is present in the latter. These features were compared to other syngnathid species with different snout lengths to evaluate the implications of snout elongation on the musculoskeletal structure of the cranium. The arched path of the adductor mandibulae and the greater rigidity of the lower jaw might be related to elongation of the snout, as it yields an increased mechanical advantage of the lower jaw system and a reduced torque between the elements of the lower jaw during protractor hyoidei muscle contraction, respectively. Nevertheless, most observed features did not seem to be related to snout length, but might be associated with different force-generating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leysen
- Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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