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Storm M, Döring F, Marathe S, Cipiccia S, David C, Rau C. Optimizing the energy bandwidth for transmission full-field X-ray microscopy experiments. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:138-147. [PMID: 34985431 PMCID: PMC8733970 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) is a very potent high-resolution X-ray imaging technique. However, it is challenging to achieve fast acquisitions because of the limited efficiency of the optics. Using a broader energy bandwidth, for example using a multilayer monochromator, directly increases the flux in the experiment. The advantage of more counts needs to be weighed against a deterioration in achievable resolution because focusing optics show chromatic aberrations. This study presents theoretical considerations of how much the resolution is affected by an increase in bandwidth as well as measurements at different energy bandwidths (ΔE/E = 0.013%, 0.27%, 0.63%) and the impact on achievable resolution. It is shown that using a multilayer monochromator instead of a classical silicon double-crystal monochromator can increase the flux by an order of magnitude with only a limited effect on the resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Storm
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Döring
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christian David
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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Brumund P, Reyes-Herrera J, Morawe C, Dufrane T, Isern H, Brochard T, Sánchez Del Río M, Detlefs C. Thermal optimization of a high-heat-load double- multilayer monochromator. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1423-1436. [PMID: 34475290 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752100758x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finite-element analysis is used to study the thermal deformation of a multilayer mirror due to the heat load from the undulator beam at a low-emittance synchrotron source, specifically the ESRF-EBS upgrade beamline EBSL-2. The energy bandwidth of the double-multilayer monochromator is larger than that of the relevant undulator harmonic, such that a considerable portion of the heat load is reflected. Consequently, the absorbed power is non-uniformly distributed on the surface. The geometry of the multilayer substrate is optimized to minimize thermally induced slope errors. We distinguish between thermal bending with constant curvature that leads to astigmatic focusing or defocusing and residual slope errors. For the EBSL-2 system with grazing angles θ between 0.2 and 0.4°, meridional and sagittal focal lengths down to 100 m and 2000 m, respectively, are found. Whereas the thermal bending can be tuned by varying the depth of the `smart cut', it is found that the geometry has little effect on the residual slope errors. In both planes they are 0.1-0.25 µrad. In the sagittal direction, however, the effect on the beam is drastically reduced by the `foregiveness factor', sin(θ). Optimization without considering the reflected heat load yields an incorrect depth of the `smart cut'. The resulting meridional curvature in turn leads to parasitic focal lengths of the order of 100 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brumund
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Dufrane
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Helena Isern
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | - Carsten Detlefs
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Jensen M, Ahlberg Gagnér V, Cabello Sánchez J, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Björg Úlfarsdóttir T, Garcia-Bonete MJ, Jurgilaitis A, Kroon D, Pham VT, Checcia S, Coudert-Alteirac H, Schewa S, Rössle M, Rodilla H, Stake J, Zhaunerchyk V, Larsson J, Katona G. High-resolution macromolecular crystallography at the FemtoMAX beamline with time-over-threshold photon detection. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:64-70. [PMID: 33399553 PMCID: PMC7842217 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein dynamics contribute to protein function on different time scales. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction snapshots can visualize the location and amplitude of atom displacements after perturbation. Since amplitudes of ultrafast motions are small, high-quality X-ray diffraction data is necessary for detection. Diffraction from bovine trypsin crystals using single femtosecond X-ray pulses was recorded at FemtoMAX, which is a versatile beamline of the MAX IV synchrotron. The time-over-threshold detection made it possible that single photons are distinguishable even under short-pulse low-repetition-rate conditions. The diffraction data quality from FemtoMAX beamline enables atomic resolution investigation of protein structures. This evaluation is based on the shape of the Wilson plot, cumulative intensity distribution compared with theoretical distribution, I/σ, Rmerge/Rmeas and CC1/2 statistics versus resolution. The FemtoMAX beamline provides an interesting alternative to X-ray free-electron lasers when studying reversible processes in protein crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viktor Ahlberg Gagnér
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan Cabello Sánchez
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - J. Carl Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - David Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Van-Thai Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Center for Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stefano Checcia
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Helena Rodilla
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Stake
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jörgen Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Gergely Katona
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Boone MN, Van Assche F, Vanheule S, Cipiccia S, Wang H, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L. Full-field spectroscopic measurement of the X-ray beam from a multilayer monochromator using a hyperspectral X-ray camera. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:110-118. [PMID: 31868743 PMCID: PMC6927514 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer monochromator devices are commonly used at (imaging) beamlines of synchrotron facilities to shape the X-ray beam to relatively small bandwidth and high intensity. However, stripe artefacts are often observed and can deteriorate the image quality. Although the intensity distribution of these artefacts has been described in the literature, their spectral distribution is currently unknown. To assess the spatio-spectral properties of the monochromated X-ray beam, the direct beam has been measured for the first time using a hyperspectral X-ray detector. The results show a large number of spectral features with different spatial distributions for a [Ru, B4C] strip monochromator, associated primarily with the higher-order harmonics of the undulator and monochromator. It is found that their relative contributions are sufficiently low to avoid an influence on the imaging data. The [V, B4C] strip suppresses these high-order harmonics even more than the former, yet at the cost of reduced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N. Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sander Vanheule
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hongchang Wang
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Kastengren A, Powell CF, Arms D, Dufresne EM, Gibson H, Wang J. The 7BM beamline at the APS: a facility for time-resolved fluid dynamics measurements. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19:654-7. [PMID: 22713903 PMCID: PMC3579593 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512016883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, X-ray radiography has been used to probe the internal structure of dense sprays with microsecond time resolution and a spatial resolution of 15 µm even in high-pressure environments. Recently, the 7BM beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been commissioned to focus on the needs of X-ray spray radiography measurements. The spatial resolution and X-ray intensity at this beamline represent a significant improvement over previous time-resolved X-ray radiography measurements at the APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kastengren
- Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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