1
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Wu L, Li H, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhao Z, Zhuang G, Chen Q, Zhou W, Guo J. Advancing injection force modeling and viscosity-dependent injectability evaluation for prefilled syringes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114221. [PMID: 38378097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of PFS requires a detailed understanding of the forces occurring during the drug administration process and patient's capability. This research describes an advanced mathematic injection force model that consisting hydrodynamic force and friction force. The hydrodynamic force follows the basic law of Hagen-Poiseuille but refines the modeling approach by delving into specific properties of drug viscosity (Newtonian and Shear-thinning) and syringe shape constant, while the friction force was accounted from empty barrel injection force. Additionally, we take actual temperature of injection into consideration, providing more accurate predication. The results show that the derivation of the needle dimension constant and the rheological behavior of the protein solutions are critical parameters. Also, the counter pressure generated by the tissue has been considered in actual administration to address the issue of the inaccuracies of current injection force evaluation preformed in air, especially when the viscosity of the injected drug solution is below 9.0 cP (injecting with 1 mL L PFS staked with 29G ½ inch needle). Human factor studies on patients' capability against medication viscosity filled the gap in design space of PFS drug product and available viscosity data in very early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Wu
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Guisheng Zhuang
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Quanmin Chen
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China.
| | - Weichang Zhou
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China
| | - Jeremy Guo
- Drug Product Development, WuXi Biologics Inc., No. 1951 Huifeng West Rd., 201401 Shanghai City, China.
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3
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Mock M, Langmead CJ, Grandsard P, Edavettal S, Russell A. Recent advances in generative biology for biotherapeutic discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:255-267. [PMID: 38378385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Generative biology combines artificial intelligence (AI), advanced life sciences technologies, and automation to revolutionize the process of designing novel biomolecules with prescribed properties, giving drug discoverers the ability to escape the limitations of biology during the design of next-generation protein therapeutics. Significant hurdles remain, namely: (i) the inherently complex nature of drug discovery, (ii) the bewildering number of promising computational and experimental techniques that have emerged in the past several years, and (iii) the limited availability of relevant protein sequence-function data for drug-like molecules. There is a need to focus on computational methods that will be most practically effective for protein drug discovery and on building experimental platforms to generate the data most appropriate for these methods. Here, we discuss recent advances in computational and experimental life sciences that are most crucial for impacting the pace and success of protein drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Mock
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | - Peter Grandsard
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Suzanne Edavettal
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Alan Russell
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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4
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Chowdhury AA, Manohar N, Lanzaro A, Kimball WD, Witek MA, Woldeyes MA, Majumdar R, Qian KK, Xu S, Gillilan RE, Huang Q, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Characterizing Protein-Protein Interactions and Viscosity of a Monoclonal Antibody from Low to High Concentration Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5563-5578. [PMID: 37782765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein-protein interactions and formation of reversible oligomers (clusters) in concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions is necessary for designing stable, low viscosity (η) concentrated formulations for processing and subcutaneous injection. Here we characterize the strength (K) of short-range anisotropic attractions (SRA) for 75-200 mg/mL mAb2 solutions at different pH and cosolute conditions by analyzing structure factors (Seff(q)) from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Best fit simulations additionally provide cluster size distributions, fractal dimensions, cluster occluded volume, and mAb coordination numbers. These equilibrium properties are utilized in a model to account for increases in viscosity caused by occluded volume in the clusters (packing effects) and dissipation of stress across lubricated fractal clusters. Seff(q) is highly sensitive to K at 75 mg/mL where mAbs can mutually align to form SRA contacts but becomes less sensitive at 200 mg/mL as steric repulsion due to packing becomes dominant. In contrast, η at 200 mg/mL is highly sensitive to SRA and the average cluster size from SAXS/simulation, which is observed to track the cluster relaxation time from shear thinning. By analyzing the distribution of sub-bead hot spots on the 3D mAb surface, we identify a strongly attractive hydrophobic patch in the complementarity determining region (CDR) at pH 4.5 that contributes to the high K and consequently large cluster sizes and high η. Adding NaCl screens electrostatic interactions and increases the impact of hydrophobic attraction on cluster size and raises η, whereas nonspecific binding of Arg attenuates all SRA, reducing η. The hydrophobic patch is absent at higher pH values, leading to smaller K, smaller clusters, and lower η. This work constitutes a first attempt to use SAXS and CG modeling to link both structural and rheological properties of concentrated mAb solutions to the energetics of specific hydrophobic patches on mAb surfaces. As such, our work opens an avenue for future research, including the possibility of designing coarse-grained models with physically meaningful interacting hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William D Kimball
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta A Witek
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Majumdar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Shifeng Xu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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6
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Chowdhury AA, Manohar N, Witek MA, Woldeyes MA, Majumdar R, Qian KK, Kimball WD, Xu S, Lanzaro A, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Subclass Effects on Self-Association and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibodies at High Concentrations. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37191356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a subclass of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on protein-protein interactions, formation of reversible oligomers (clusters), and viscosity (η) are not well understood at high concentrations. Herein, we quantify a short-range anisotropic attraction between the complementarity-determining region (CDR) and CH3 domains (KCDR-CH3) for vedolizumab IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 subclasses by fitting small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure factor Seff(q) data with an extensive library of 12-bead coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations. The KCDR-CH3 bead attraction strength was isolated from the strength of long-range electrostatic repulsion for the full mAb, which was determined from the theoretical net charge and a scaling parameter ψ to account for solvent accessibility and ion pairing. At low ionic strength (IS), the strongest short-range attraction (KCDR-CH3) and consequently the largest clusters and highest η were observed with IgG1, the subclass with the most positively charged CH3 domain. Furthermore, the trend in KCDR-CH3 with the subclass followed the electrostatic interaction energy between the CDR and CH3 regions calculated with the BioLuminate software using the 3D mAb structure and molecular interaction potentials. Whereas the equilibrium cluster size distributions and fractal dimensions were determined from fits of SAXS with the MD simulations, the degree of cluster rigidity under flow was estimated from the experimental η with a phenomenological model. For the systems with the largest clusters, especially IgG1, the inefficient packing of mAbs in the clusters played the largest role in increasing η, whereas for other systems, the relative contribution from stress produced by the clusters was more significant. The ability to relate η to short-range attraction from SAXS measurements at high concentrations and to theoretical characterization of electrostatic patches on the 3D surface is not only of fundamental interest but also of practical value for mAb discovery, processing, formulation, and subcutaneous delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta A Witek
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Majumdar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - William D Kimball
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shifeng Xu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Zhong X, Veilleux JC, Shi GH, Collins DS, Vlachos P, Ardekani AM. Hydrodynamic considerations for spring-driven autoinjector design. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122975. [PMID: 37116602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the studies of the spring-driven autoinjector, leading to an improved understanding of this device and its interactions with tissue and therapeutic proteins. The development of simulation tools that have been validated against experiments has also enhanced the prediction of the performance of spring-driven autoinjectors. This paper aims to address critical hydrodynamic considerations that impact the design of spring-driven autoinjectors, with a specific emphasis on sloshing and cavitation. Additionally, we present a framework that integrates simulation tools to predict the performance of spring-driven autoinjectors and optimize their design. This work is valuable to the pharmaceutic industry, as it provides crucial insights into the development of spring-driven autoinjectors and therapeutic proteins. This work can also enhance the efficacy and safety of the delivery of therapeutic proteins, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | | | | | - David S Collins
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, United States
| | - Pavlos Vlachos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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8
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Chowdhury A, Manohar N, Guruprasad G, Chen AT, Lanzaro A, Blanco M, Johnston KP, Truskett TM. Characterizing Experimental Monoclonal Antibody Interactions and Clustering Using a Coarse-Grained Simulation Library and a Viscosity Model. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1120-1137. [PMID: 36716270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Attractive protein-protein interactions in concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions may lead to the formation of clusters that increase viscosity. Here, we propose an analytical model that relates mAb solution viscosity to clustering by accounting for the contributions of suboptimal mAb packing within a cluster and cluster fractal dimension. The influence of short-range, anisotropic attractions and long-range Coulombic repulsion on cluster properties is investigated by analyzing the cluster-size distributions, cluster fractal dimensions, radial distribution functions, and static structure factors from a library of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The library spans a vast range of mAb charges and attractive interactions in solutions of varying ionic strength. We present a framework for combining the viscosity model and simulation library to successfully characterize the attraction, repulsion, and clustering of an experimental mAb in three different pH and cosolute conditions by fitting the measured viscosity or structure factor from small-angle X-ray scattering. At low ionic strength, the cluster-size distribution is impacted by strong charges, and both the viscosity and net charge or structure factor and net charge must be considered to deconvolute the effects of short-range attraction and long-range repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Geetika Guruprasad
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Amy T Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Marco Blanco
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States.,Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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9
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Zhong X, Mitra H, Veilleux JC, Simmons E, Shi GH, Ardekani AM. The role of liquid rheological properties on the injection process of a spring-driven autoinjector. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Lanzaro A, Yuan XF. A Microfluidic Prototype for High-Frequency, Large Strain Oscillatory Flow Rheometry. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020256. [PMID: 35208380 PMCID: PMC8876528 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a “Rheo-chip” prototypical rheometer which is able to characterise model fluids under oscillatory flow at frequencies f up to 80 Hz and nominal strain up to 350, with sample consumption of less than 1 mL, and with minimum inertial effects. Experiments carried out with deionized (DI) water demonstrate that the amplitude of the measured pressure drop ΔPM falls below the Newtonian prediction at f≥ 3 Hz. By introducing a simple model which assumes a linear dependence between the back force and the dead volume within the fluid chambers, the frequency response of both ΔPM and of the phase delay could be modeled more efficiently. Such effects need to be taken into account when using this type of technology for characterising the frequency response of non-Newtonian fluids.
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11
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A microfluidic approach to studying the injection flow of concentrated albumin solutions. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:783. [PMID: 34723096 PMCID: PMC8550001 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Subcutaneous injection by means of prefilled syringes allows patients to self-administrate high-concentration (100 g/L or more) protein-based drugs. Although the shear flow of concentrated globulins or monoclonal antibodies has been intensively studied and related to the injection force proper of SC processes, very small attention has been paid to the extensional behavior of this category of complex fluids. This work focuses on the flow of concentrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions through a microfluidic “syringe-on-chip” contraction device which shares some similarities with the geometry of syringes used in SC self-injection. By comparing the velocity and pressure measurements in complex flow with rheometric shear measurements obtained by means of the “Rheo-chip” device, it is shown that the extensional viscosity plays an important role in the injection process of protinaceous drugs. Article Highlights A microfluidic “syringe on chip” device mimicking the injection flow of protinaceous drugs has been developed. The velocity field of concentrated BSA solutions through the “syringe on chip” is Newtonian-like. The extensional viscosity of concentrated protein solutions should also be considered when computing injection forces through needles.
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12
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Desai KG, Colandene JD, Gidh A, Hanslip S, Rastelli M. Syringe Filling of High-Concentration mAb Products Using Peristaltic Pump-Based Mechanism: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:562-576. [PMID: 34551352 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Syringe filling of high-concentration mAb formulation during manufacturing of large-scale drug product batches may present challenges such as product deposition onto the area of the syringe barrel where the stopper is inserted, product splashing or dripping, droplets left after the fill cycle, filling needle clogging, product build-up inside the needle during line stoppages, variation in fill weight/volume, and potential impact on product quality attributes. In this article, a summary of these issues and approaches to overcome them are summarized. Potential failure modes of the syringe filling process and appropriate in-process controls are provided. In addition to developing the filling process or resolving manufacturing issues, the pharmaceutical company developing the product and associated drug product manufacturing process may want to implement long-term strategic approaches to support the portfolio progression. Potential long-term approaches such as use of a viscosity reducing formulation development approach, improving peristaltic filling technology performance, building small-scale filling capability and establishing a streamlined filling process management cycle are also summarized. The aspects summarized in this article may be used to develop a robust filling process and control strategy for high-concentration mAb products and implement long-term strategic approaches to support the portfolio progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashappa Goud Desai
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences and Device Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19425, USA.
| | - James D Colandene
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences and Device Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19425, USA
| | - Aarti Gidh
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences and Device Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19425, USA
| | - Simon Hanslip
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Specialty Large Molecule, GlaxoSmithKline, Harmire Road, Barnard Castle DL12 8DT, UK
| | - Massimo Rastelli
- New Product Introduction and Product Technology, Pharma Supply Chain, GlaxoSmithKline, Strada Asolana 90, San Polo di Torrile, Parma 43046, Italy
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13
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Lanzaro A, Roche A, Sibanda N, Corbett D, Davis P, Shah M, Pathak JA, Uddin S, van der Walle CF, Yuan XF, Pluen A, Curtis R. Cluster Percolation Causes Shear Thinning Behavior in Concentrated Solutions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2669-2682. [PMID: 34121411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-concentration (>100 g/L) solutions of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are typically characterized by anomalously large solution viscosity and shear thinning behavior for strain rates ≥103 s-1. Here, the link between protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the rheology of concentrated solutions of COE-03 and COE-19 mAbs is studied by means of static and dynamic light scattering and microfluidic rheometry. By comparing the experimental data with predictions based on the Baxter sticky hard-sphere model, we surprisingly find a connection between the observed shear thinning and the predicted percolation threshold. The longest shear relaxation time of mAbs was much larger than that of model sticky hard spheres within the same region of the phase diagram, which is attributed to the anisotropy of the mAb PPIs. Our results suggest that not only the strength but also the patchiness of short-range attractive PPIs should be explicitly accounted for by theoretical approaches aimed at predicting the shear rate-dependent viscosity of dense mAb solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Lanzaro
- Institute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aisling Roche
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Sibanda
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Corbett
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Davis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield UK, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jai A Pathak
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher F van der Walle
- Dosage Form Design and Development, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Feng Yuan
- Institute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Alain Pluen
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Curtis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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14
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Schieferstein JM, Reichert P, Narasimhan CN, Yang X, Doyle PS. Hydrogel Microsphere Encapsulation Enhances the Flow Properties of Monoclonal Antibody Crystal Formulations. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories Kenilworth NJ 07033
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142
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15
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Protein intrinsic viscosity determination with the Viscosizer TD instrument: reaching beyond the initially expected applications. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 50:587-595. [PMID: 33486532 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic viscosity is a key hydrodynamic parameter to understand molecular structure and hydration, as well as intramolecular interactions. Commercially available instruments measure intrinsic viscosity by recording the macromolecular mobility in a capillary. These instruments monitor Taylor dispersion using an absorbance or fluorescence detector. By design, these instruments behave like U-tube viscometers. To our knowledge, there are no studies to date showing that the Viscosizer TD instrument (Malvern-Panalytical) is able to measure the intrinsic viscosity of macromolecules. In this study, we then performed our assays on the Poly(ethylene oxide) polymer (PEO), used classically as a standard for viscometry measurements and on three model proteins: the bovine serum albumin (BSA), the bevacizumab monoclonal antibody, and the RTX Repeat Domain (RD) of the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA). The presence of P20 in the samples is critical to get reliable results. The data obtained with our in-house protocol show a strong correlation with intrinsic viscosity values obtained using conventional techniques. However, with respect to them, our measurements could be performed at relatively low concentrations, between 2 and 5 mg/ml, using only 7 µL per injection. Altogether, our results show that the Viscosizer TD instrument is able to measure intrinsic viscosities in a straightforward manner. This simple and innovative approach should give a new boost to intrinsic viscosity measurements and should reignite the interest of biophysicists, immunologists, structural biologists and other researchers for this key physicochemical parameter.
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16
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Chauhan VM, Zhang H, Dalby PA, Aylott JW. Advancements in the co-formulation of biologic therapeutics. J Control Release 2020; 327:397-405. [PMID: 32798639 PMCID: PMC7426274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biologic therapeutics are the medicines of the future and are destined to transform the approaches by which the causes and symptoms of diseases are cured and alleviated. These approaches will be accelerated through the development of novel strategies that target multiple pharmacologically active sites using a combination of different biologics, or mixtures of biologics and small molecule therapeutics. However, for this potential to be realised, advancements in co-formulation strategies for biologic therapeutics must be established. This review describes the current and emerging developments within this field and highlights the challenges and potential solutions, that will pave-the-way towards their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeren M. Chauhan
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Science Road, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Paul A. Dalby
- Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Jonathan W. Aylott
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Science Road, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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17
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Kulkarni SS, Patel SM, Bogner RH. Reconstitution Time for Highly Concentrated Lyophilized Proteins: Role of Formulation and Protein. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2975-2985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Sahin E, Deshmukh S. Challenges and Considerations in Development and Manufacturing of High Concentration Biologics Drug Products. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Schwenger W, Pellet C, Attonaty D, Authelin JR. An Empirical Quantitative Model Describing Simultaneously Temperature and Concentration Effects on Protein Solution Viscosity. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1281-1287. [PMID: 31821824 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The viscosity of high-concentration protein solutions can lead to a range of challenges in drug product manufacturing and administration. Accurately modeling the viscosity of biologics solutions in response to changes in the formulation and surrounding environment is of significant interest and remains a challenge. Here, we show a practical method of modeling the viscosity of a therapeutic solution in response to changes in temperature and protein concentration. Our viscosity model consists of a Ross-Minton model of concentration dependence and a modified Arrhenius temperature dependence. We measured the viscosity as a function of concentration and temperature of 4 therapeutic antibodies in a range of potential clinical formulations. With these data, our model shows surprising generality, proving effective with different types of antibodies, formulations, and a range of more than 2 orders of magnitude in viscosity. Our approach is built on existing theory but provides a practical approach to modeling the viscosity of formulated drug product over the range of process-relevant concentrations and temperatures to better mitigate challenges in the drug manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Schwenger
- Biologics Drug Product Development, SANOFI, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701
| | - Charlotte Pellet
- Biologics Drug Product Development, SANOFI, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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20
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Gong Y, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Drossis N, Niederquell A, Kuentz M, Leroux JC, de Haan HW, Gauthier MA. Ultra-sub-stoichiometric "Dynamic" Bioconjugation Reduces Viscosity by Disrupting Immunoglobulin Oligomerization. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3557-3565. [PMID: 31398010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major focus of the pharmaceutical industry, and polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) therapy is used to treat a wide variety of health conditions. As some individuals require mAb/IgG therapy their entire life, there is currently a great desire to formulate antibodies for bolus injection rather than infusion. However, to achieve the required doses, very concentrated antibody solutions may be required. Unfortunately, mAb/IgG self-assembly at high concentration can produce an unacceptably high viscosity for injection. To address this challenge, this study expands the concept of "dynamic covalent chemistry" to "dynamic bioconjugation" in order to reduce viscosity by interfering with antibody-antibody interactions. Ultra-sub-stoichiometric amounts of dynamic PEGylation agents (down to the nanomolar) significantly reduced the viscosity of concentrated antibody solutions by interfering with oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Gong
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Nicole Drossis
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Faculty of Science , Oshawa , Ontario L1H 7K4 , Canada
| | - Andreas Niederquell
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology , Hofackerstr. 30 , 4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology , Hofackerstr. 30 , 4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Hendrick W de Haan
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Faculty of Science , Oshawa , Ontario L1H 7K4 , Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
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21
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Dear BJ, Chowdhury A, Hung JJ, Karouta CA, Ramachandran K, Nieto MP, Wilks LR, Sharma A, Shay TY, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Relating Collective Diffusion, Protein–Protein Interactions, and Viscosity of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibodies through Dynamic Light Scattering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carl A. Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria P. Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Logan R. Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tony Y. Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason K. Cheung
- Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization, Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Hung JJ, Zeno WF, Chowdhury AA, Dear BJ, Ramachandran K, Nieto MP, Shay TY, Karouta CA, Hayden CC, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Stachowiak JC, Johnston KP. Self-diffusion of a highly concentrated monoclonal antibody by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: insight into protein-protein interactions and self-association. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6660-6676. [PMID: 31389467 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at high concentration provides insight into protein microstructure and protein-protein interactions (PPI) that influence solution viscosity and protein stability. At high concentration, interpretation of the collective-diffusion coefficient Dc, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), is highly challenging given the complex hydrodynamics and PPI at close spacings. In contrast, self-diffusion of a tracer particle by Brownian motion is simpler to understand. Herein, we develop fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) for the measurement of the long-time self-diffusion of mAb2 over a wide range of concentrations and viscosities in multiple co-solute formulations with varying PPI. The normalized self-diffusion coefficient D0/Ds (equal to the microscopic relative viscosity ηeff/η0) was found to be smaller than η/η0. Smaller ratios of the microscopic to macroscopic viscosity (ηeff/η) are attributed to a combination of weaker PPI and less self-association. The interaction parameters extracted from fits of D0/Ds with a length scale dependent viscosity model agree with previous measurements of PPI by SLS and SAXS. Trends in the degree of self-association, estimated from ηeff/η with a microviscosity model, are consistent with oligomer sizes measured by SLS. Finally, measurements of collective diffusion and osmotic compressibility were combined with FCS data to demonstrate that the changes in self-diffusion between formulations are due primarily to changes in the protein-protein friction in these systems, and not to protein-solvent friction. Thus, FCS is a robust and accessible technique for measuring mAb self-diffusion, and, by extension, microviscosity, PPI and self-association that govern mAb solution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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23
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Dear BJ, Bollinger JA, Chowdhury A, Hung JJ, Wilks LR, Karouta CA, Ramachandran K, Shay TY, Nieto MP, Sharma A, Cheung JK, Nykypanchuk D, Godfrin PD, Johnston KP, Truskett TM. X-ray Scattering and Coarse-Grained Simulations for Clustering and Interactions of Monoclonal Antibodies at High Concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5274-5290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Bollinger
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Logan R. Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carl A. Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tony Y. Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria P. Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason K. Cheung
- Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization, Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033 United States
| | - Dmytro Nykypanchuk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - P. Douglas Godfrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Ramallo N, Paudel S, Schmit J. Cluster Formation and Entanglement in the Rheology of Antibody Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3916-3923. [PMID: 30986054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody solutions deviate from the dynamical and rheological response expected for globular proteins, especially as the volume fraction is increased. Experimental evidence shows that antibodies can reversibly bind to each other via Fab and Fc domains and form larger structures (clusters) of several antibodies. Here, we present a microscopic equilibrium model to account for the distribution of cluster sizes. Antibody clusters are modeled as polymers that can grow via reversible bonds either between two Fab domains or between Fab and Fc domain. We propose that the dynamical and rheological behavior is determined by molecular entanglements of the clusters. This entanglement does not occur at low concentrations where antibody-antibody binding contributes to the viscosity by increasing the effective size of the particles. The model explains the observed shear-thinning behavior of antibody solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ramallo
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Subhash Paudel
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jeremy Schmit
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
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25
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Liu W, Wong-Noonan S, Pham NB, Pradhan I, Spigelmyer A, Funk R, Nedzesky J, Cohen H, Gawalt ES, Fan Y, Meng WS. A genetically engineered Fc-binding amphiphilic polypeptide for congregating antibodies in vivo. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:211-223. [PMID: 30822553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an affinity-based hydrogel used in creating subcutaneous depots of antibodies in vivo. The biomaterials design centered on pG_EAK, a polypeptide we designed and expressed in E. coli. The sequence consists of a truncated protein G (pG) genetically fused with repeats of the amphiphilic sequence AEAEAKAK ("EAK"). Capture of IgG was demonstrated in vitro in gels prepared from admixing pG_EAK and EAK ("pG_EAK/EAK gel"). The binding affinities and kinetics of pG for IgG were recapitulated in the pG_EAK polypeptide. Injecting IgG antibodies formulated with pG_EAK/EAK gel into subcutaneous space resulted in retention of the antibodies at the site for at least six days, whereas only signal at background levels was detected in grafts injected with IgG formulated in saline or diffusion-driven gel. The local retention of IgG in pG_EAK/EAK gel was correlated with limited distribution of the antibody in liver, spleen and lymph nodes, in contrast to those injected with antibodies formulated in saline or non-Fc binding EAK gel. In addition, antibodies formulated with pG_EAK/EAK gel and injected in mouse footpads were found to retain at the site for 19 days. As a demonstration of potential bioengineering applications, thymic epithelial cells (TECs), the primary population of thymic stromal cells that are critical for the development of T-lymphocytes, were mixed with pG_EAK/EAK gel formulated with TEC-specific anti-EpCAM antibodies and injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. The injected TECs congregated into functional thymic units in vivo, supporting the development of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the mice. In conclusion, pG_EAK/EAK gel can be used to retain IgG locally in vivo, and can be tailored as scaffolds for controlling deposition of molecular and/or cellular therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The unique concept of the work centers on the genetic fusion of an Fc-binding domain and a self-assembling domain into a single polypeptide. To our knowledge, such bi-functional peptide has not been reported in the literature. The impact of the work lies in the ability to display IgG antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins of any specificity. The data shown demonstrate the platform can be used to localize IgG in vivo, and can be tailored for controlling deposition of primary thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The results support a biomaterials-based strategy by which TECs can be delivered as functional units to support T-lymphocyte development in vivo. The platform described in the study may serve as an important tool for immune engineering.
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26
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Hung JJ, Dear BJ, Karouta CA, Chowdhury AA, Godfrin PD, Bollinger JA, Nieto MP, Wilks LR, Shay TY, Ramachandran K, Sharma A, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Protein-Protein Interactions of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions via Static Light Scattering and Influence on the Viscosity. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:739-755. [PMID: 30614707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and formulate mAbs to minimize attractive interactions at high concentrations is important for protein processing, stability, and administration, particularly in subcutaneous delivery, where high viscosities are often challenging. The strength of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of an IgG1 and IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from low to high concentration was determined by static light scattering (SLS) and used to understand viscosity data. The PPI were tuned using NaCl and five organic ionic co-solutes. The PPI strength was quantified by the normalized structure factor S(0)/ S(0)HS and Kirkwood-Buff integral G22/ G22,HS (HS = hard sphere) determined from the SLS data and also by fits with (1) a spherical Yukawa potential and (2) an interacting hard sphere (IHS) model, which describes attraction in terms of hypothetical oligomers. The IHS model was better able to capture the scattering behavior of the more strongly interacting systems (mAb and/or co-solute) than the spherical Yukawa potential. For each descriptor of PPI, linear correlations were obtained between the viscosity at high concentration (200 mg/mL) and the interaction strengths evaluated both at low (20 mg/mL) and high concentrations (200 mg/mL) for a given mAb. However, the only parameter that provided a correlation across both mAbs was the oligomer mass ratio ( moligomer/ mmonomer+dimer) from the IHS model, indicating the importance of self-association (in addition to the direct influence of the attractive PPI) on the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Barton J Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Carl A Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - P Douglas Godfrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jonathan A Bollinger
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Maria P Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Logan R Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Tony Y Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jason K Cheung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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27
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Woldeyes MA, Josephson LL, Leiske DL, Galush WJ, Roberts CJ, Furst EM. Viscosities and Protein Interactions of Bispecific Antibodies and Their Monospecific Mixtures. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4745-4755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet A. Woldeyes
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lilian L. Josephson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Danielle L. Leiske
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William J. Galush
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Eric M. Furst
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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28
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Manning MC, Liu J, Li T, Holcomb RE. Rational Design of Liquid Formulations of Proteins. THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES 2018; 112:1-59. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Practical Considerations for High Concentration Protein Formulations. CHALLENGES IN PROTEIN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90603-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Sarangapani PS, Weaver J, Parupudi A, Besong TM, Adams GG, Harding SE, Manikwar P, Castellanos MM, Bishop SM, Pathak JA. Both Reversible Self-Association and Structural Changes Underpin Molecular Viscoelasticity of mAb Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3496-3506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Contrasting the Influence of Cationic Amino Acids on the Viscosity and Stability of a Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody. Pharm Res 2016; 34:193-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Borwankar AU, Dear BJ, Twu A, Hung JJ, Dinin AK, Wilson BK, Yue J, Maynard JA, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Viscosity Reduction of a Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody with Arginine·HCl and Arginine·Glutamate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya U. Borwankar
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - April Twu
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aileen K. Dinin
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian K. Wilson
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingyan Yue
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Maynard
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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33
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Hung JJ, Borwankar AU, Dear BJ, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. High concentration tangential flow ultrafiltration of stable monoclonal antibody solutions with low viscosities. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Liu W, Saunders MJ, Bagia C, Freeman EC, Fan Y, Gawalt ES, Waggoner AS, Meng WS. Local retention of antibodies in vivo with an injectable film embedded with a fluorogen-activating protein. J Control Release 2016; 230:1-12. [PMID: 27038493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report an injectable film by which antibodies can be localized in vivo. The system builds upon a bifunctional polypeptide consisting of a fluorogen-activating protein (FAP) and a β-fibrillizing peptide (βFP). The FAP domain generates fluorescence that reflects IgG binding sites conferred by Protein A/G (pAG) conjugated with the fluorogen malachite green (MG). A film is generated by mixing these proteins with molar excess of EAK16-II, a βFP that forms β-sheet fibrils at high salt concentrations. The IgG-binding, fluorogenic film can be injected in vivo through conventional needled syringes. Confocal microscopic images and dose-response titration experiments showed that loading of IgG into the film was mediated by pAG(MG) bound to the FAP. Release of IgG in vitro was significantly delayed by the bioaffinity mechanism; 26% of the IgG were released from films embedded with pAG(MG) after five days, compared to close to 90% in films without pAG(MG). Computational simulations indicated that the release rate of IgG is governed by positive cooperativity due to pAG(MG). When injected into the subcutaneous space of mouse footpads, film-embedded IgG were retained locally, with distribution through the lymphatics impeded. The ability to track IgG binding sites and distribution simultaneously will aid the optimization of local antibody delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Matthew J Saunders
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Christina Bagia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Eric C Freeman
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Yong Fan
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ellen S Gawalt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Alan S Waggoner
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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35
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Godfrin PD, Zarraga IE, Zarzar J, Porcar L, Falus P, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Effect of Hierarchical Cluster Formation on the Viscosity of Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Studied by Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:278-91. [PMID: 26707135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, reversible cluster formation was identified as an underlying cause of anomalously large solution viscosities observed in some concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations, which poses a major challenge to the use of subcutaneous injection for some mAbs. A fundamental understanding of the structural and dynamic origins of high viscosities in concentrated mAb solutions is thus of significant relevance to mAb applications in human health care, as well as being of scientific interest. Herein, we present a detailed investigation of an IgG1-based mAb to relate the short-time dynamics and microstructure to significant viscosity changes over a range of pharmaceutically relevant physiochemical conditions. The combination of light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and neutron spin echo measurement techniques conclusively demonstrates that, upon addition of Na2SO4, these antibodies form strongly bound reversible dimers at dilute concentrations that interact with each other to form large, loosely bound, transient clusters when concentrated. This hierarchical structure formation in solution causes a significant increase in the solution viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Douglas Godfrin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Isidro E Zarraga
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Zarzar
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Peter Falus
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Norman J Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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36
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Nichols P, Li L, Kumar S, Buck PM, Singh SK, Goswami S, Balthazor B, Conley TR, Sek D, Allen MJ. Rational design of viscosity reducing mutants of a monoclonal antibody: hydrophobic versus electrostatic inter-molecular interactions. MAbs 2015; 7:212-30. [PMID: 25559441 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High viscosity of monoclonal antibody formulations at concentrations ≥100 mg/mL can impede their development as products suitable for subcutaneous delivery. The effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic intermolecular interactions on the solution behavior of MAB 1, which becomes unacceptably viscous at high concentrations, was studied by testing 5 single point mutants. The mutations were designed to reduce viscosity by disrupting either an aggregation prone region (APR), which also participates in 2 hydrophobic surface patches, or a negatively charged surface patch in the variable region. The disruption of an APR that lies at the interface of light and heavy chain variable domains, VH and VL, via L45K mutation destabilized MAB 1 and abolished antigen binding. However, mutation at the preceding residue (V44K), which also lies in the same APR, increased apparent solubility and reduced viscosity of MAB 1 without sacrificing antigen binding or thermal stability. Neutralizing the negatively charged surface patch (E59Y) also increased apparent solubility and reduced viscosity of MAB 1, but charge reversal at the same position (E59K/R) caused destabilization, decreased solubility and led to difficulties in sample manipulation that precluded their viscosity measurements at high concentrations. Both V44K and E59Y mutations showed similar increase in apparent solubility. However, the viscosity profile of E59Y was considerably better than that of the V44K, providing evidence that inter-molecular interactions in MAB 1 are electrostatically driven. In conclusion, neutralizing negatively charged surface patches may be more beneficial toward reducing viscosity of highly concentrated antibody solutions than charge reversal or aggregation prone motif disruption.
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Key Words
- APR, Aggregation Prone Region
- ASA, Accessible Surface Area
- ASAFv-HPH, hydrophilic accessible surface area of the Fv portion
- ASAFv-HYD, hydrophobic accessible surface area of the Fv portion
- CE, Capillary Electrophoresis
- CH2
- CH3, third constant domain in heavy chain
- CHO, Chinese Hamster Ovary
- D0, diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution
- DFv, dipole moment of Fv
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fab, fragment antigen binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- Fv, fragment variable
- HC, heavy chain
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LC, light chain
- MAB 1 Control, MAB 1 expressed in CHO cells
- MD, molecular dynamics
- NTU, Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- Pagg-VH, aggregation propensity of VH domain
- Pagg-VL, aggregation propensity of VL domain
- RPM, revolutions per minute
- SE-HPLC, Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Tm, thermal transition temperature
- VH, variable domain in the heavy chain
- VL, variable domain in the light chain
- ZDHH, Debye-Huckel Henry Charge
- ZFv, net charge of the Fv
- ZFv-app, apparent charge of the Fv
- aggregation prone regions
- cIEF, capillary Isoelectric Focusing
- cP, centipoise
- high concentration
- kD, protein-protein interaction parameter
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- molecular modeling
- monoclonal antibodies
- negatively charged patches
- rational design
- second constant domain in the heavy chain
- solubility
- viscosity
- ΔGFv, change in Free energy of Fv
- η, solution viscosity
- η0, solvent viscosity
- ηrel, relative viscosity
- ξFv, zeta-potential of the Fv
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilarin Nichols
- a Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences Research and Development; Pfizer Inc. ; Andover , MA USA
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37
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Tajima A, Liu W, Pradhan I, Bertera S, Bagia C, Trucco M, Meng WS, Fan Y. Bioengineering mini functional thymic units with EAK16-II/EAKIIH6 self-assembling hydrogel. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Fischer I, Schmidt A, Bryant A, Besheer A. Calculation of injection forces for highly concentrated protein solutions. Int J Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Viscosity Analysis of Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin Protein Solutions: Role of Size, Electroviscous Effect and Protein-Protein Interactions. Pharm Res 2015; 33:155-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Hudson SD, Sarangapani P, Pathak JA, Migler KB. A Microliter Capillary Rheometer for Characterization of Protein Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:678-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Alexiadis A. A new Framework for Modelling the Dynamics and the Breakage of Capsules, Vesicles and Cells in Fluid Flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.piutam.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Observation of small cluster formation in concentrated monoclonal antibody solutions and its implications to solution viscosity. Biophys J 2014; 106:1763-70. [PMID: 24739175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals. It is hypothesized that some concentrated mAb solutions exhibit formation of a solution phase consisting of reversibly self-associated aggregates (or reversible clusters), which is speculated to be responsible for their distinct solution properties. Here, we report direct observation of reversible clusters in concentrated solutions of mAbs using neutron spin echo. Specifically, a stable mAb solution is studied across a transition from dispersed monomers in dilute solution to clustered states at more concentrated conditions, where clusters of a preferred size are observed. Once mAb clusters have formed, their size, in contrast to that observed in typical globular protein solutions, is observed to remain nearly constant over a wide range of concentrations. Our results not only conclusively establish a clear relationship between the undesirable high viscosity of some mAb solutions and the formation of reversible clusters with extended open structures, but also directly observe self-assembled mAb protein clusters of preferred small finite size similar to that in micelle formation that dominate the properties of concentrated mAb solutions.
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43
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Buck PM, Chaudhri A, Kumar S, Singh SK. Highly Viscous Antibody Solutions Are a Consequence of Network Formation Caused by Domain–Domain Electrostatic Complementarities: Insights from Coarse-Grained Simulations. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:127-39. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500485w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Buck
- Pharmaceutical
Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Anuj Chaudhri
- Computational
Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical
Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Satish K. Singh
- Pharmaceutical
Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
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44
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Lapelosa M, Patapoff TW, Zarraga IE. Molecular Simulations of the Pairwise Interaction of Monoclonal Antibodies. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13132-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508729z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lapelosa
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development and ‡Department of Early Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech Inc., member of Roche, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas W. Patapoff
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development and ‡Department of Early Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech Inc., member of Roche, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Isidro E. Zarraga
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development and ‡Department of Early Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech Inc., member of Roche, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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45
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Luo H, Macapagal N, Newell K, Man A, Parupudi A, Li Y, Li Y. Effects of salt-induced reversible self-association on the elution behavior of a monoclonal antibody in cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:186-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Godfrin PD, Valadez-Pérez NE, Castañeda-Priego R, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Generalized phase behavior of cluster formation in colloidal dispersions with competing interactions. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:5061-71. [PMID: 24899107 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal liquids interacting with short range attraction and long range repulsion, such as proposed for some protein solutions, have been found to exhibit novel states consisting of equilibrium particle clusters. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for two physically meaningful inter-particle potentials across a broad range of interaction parameters, temperatures and volume fractions to locate the conditions where clustered states are found. A corresponding states phase behavior is identified when normalized by the critical point of an appropriately selected reference attractive fluid. Clustered fluid states and cluster percolated states are found exclusively within the two phase region of the state diagram for a reference attractive fluid, confirming the underlying intrinsic relation between clustered states and bulk phase separation. Clustered and cluster percolated states consistently exhibit an intermediate range order peak in their structure factors with a magnitude above 2.7, leading to a semi-empirical rule for identifying clustered fluids in scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Douglas Godfrin
- Center for Neutron Science, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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47
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Allmendinger A, Fischer S, Huwyler J, Mahler HC, Schwarb E, Zarraga IE, Mueller R. Rheological characterization and injection forces of concentrated protein formulations: An alternative predictive model for non-Newtonian solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:318-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Schmit JD, He F, Mishra S, Ketchem RR, Woods CE, Kerwin BA. Entanglement Model of Antibody Viscosity. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5044-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Schmit
- Department
of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Feng He
- Department
of Drug Product Development, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Department
of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Randal R. Ketchem
- Department
of Biological Optimization, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Christopher E. Woods
- Department
of Drug Product Development, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Bruce A. Kerwin
- Department
of Drug Product Development, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
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