1
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Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Kumar V, Ranbhan KJ. Mutagenic Azido Impurities in Drug Substances: A Perspective. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024:10.1007/s43441-024-00675-w. [PMID: 38954240 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of drug products and substances containing impurities is a significant concern in the pharmaceutical industry because it may impact the quality and safety of medicinal products. Special attention is required when mutagenic impurities are present in pharmaceuticals, as they may pose a risk of carcinogenicity to humans. Therefore, controlling potential mutagenic impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients to an acceptable safety limit is mandatory to ensure patient safety. As per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) M7 (R2)3 Guideline, mutagenic impurities are those compounds or materials that induce point mutations. In 2018, the sartan class of drugs was recalled due to the presence of N-nitrosamine impurities, which are potential mutagens. In addition to the primary impurities being detected, this class of products, especially losartan, irbesartan and valsartan, have been identified as having organic azido contaminants, which are again highly reactive toward DNA, leading to an increased risk of cancer. These azido impurities form during the preparation of the tetrazole moiety via the reaction of a nitrile intermediate with sodium azide. Given that this is a newly raised issue in the pharmaceutical world, it should be noteworthy to review the related literature. Thus, this review article critically accounts for (i) the toxicity of azido impurities and the proposed mechanism of mutagenicity, (ii) the regulatory perspective, and (iii) the sources and control strategies used during the preparation of drug substances and (iv) future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Chourasiya
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India.
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India
| | - Kamlesh J Ranbhan
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India
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2
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Han M, Liu C, Li X, Jiang J, Liu Z, Hu L. Regio- and Enantioselective Construction of Tetrazole Hemiaminal Esters and Related Prodrugs via Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1465-1472. [PMID: 38251869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution was applied to the one-pot regio- and enantioselective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole hemiaminal esters, among which 72% of the products were obtained in excellent enantiopurities (99% ees). Tunable stereoselectivity was achieved by using different types of enzymes during the synthesis of a key intermediate for a clinic drug candidate. Successful preparation of tetrazole ester prodrugs and high catalyst recyclability further demonstrated the potential practical application of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Changming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ziliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Moshnenko N, Kazantsev A, Chupakhin E, Bakulina O, Dar'in D. Synthetic Routes to Approved Drugs Containing a Spirocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104209. [PMID: 37241950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of spirocycles in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry has been booming in the last two decades. This has clearly translated into the landscape of approved drugs. Among two dozen clinically used medicines containing a spirocycle, 50% have been approved in the 21st century. The present review focuses on the notable synthetic routes to such drugs invented in industry and academia, and is intended to serve as a useful reference source of synthetic as well as general drug information for researchers engaging in the design of new spirocyclic scaffolds for medicinal use or embarking upon analog syntheses inspired by the existing approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Moshnenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Monteiro MA, de Lima PC, Novotny TS, Santana DS, Lima MED, Dantas ASCL, Ferreira LODS, de Souza MN, Maranho RLDN, Ochs SDM. Investigation of Carcinogenic Impurities of N-Nitrosamines in Sartan Pharmaceutical Products Marketed in Brazil: Development and Validation of Method Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1305-1314. [PMID: 36657719 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines (NA) impurities have unexpectedly been found in sartan products, angiotensin II receptor antagonists that are used to control hypertension, representing an urgent concern for industry, global regulators and for the patients. In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of six NA (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid, N-Nitrosodiethylamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-2-propanamine, N-nitroso-diisopropylamine and N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine) in losartan, valsartan, olmesartan, irbesartan, candesartan and telmisartan products. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and stability. The limits of quantification were 100, 31.25, 250, 33, 312.5 and 125 µg kg-1 in losartan, valsartan, olmesartan, irbesartan, candesartan and telmisartan samples, respectively, which met the sensitivity requirements for the limits set by Food and Drug Administration of the United States. The standard curves showed good linearity. The recoveries ranged from 93.06 to 102.23% in losartan matrix, 83 to 85.9% in valsartan, 96.1 to 101.2% in olmesartan, 89.2 to 97.5% in irbesartan, 93.4 to 132.0% in candesartan and 62.3 to 106.2% in telmisartan matrix. The other parameters met the validation criteria, the good sensitivity and precision, high accuracy and simple and fast analysis provides a reliable method for quality control of NA in sartan pharmaceutical products. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of N-nitrosamines in 71 sartan products marketed in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychelle Alves Monteiro
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Condé de Lima
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Novotny
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santana
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Emanuelle Damazio Lima
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Nicolau de Souza
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Chen SJ, He ZQ, Chen GS, Zhao C, Chen CP, Zhuang YY, Chen L, Liu YL. Synthesis of CF 3-Substituted Alkylamines, 1,2-Bisazoles, and 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines from Newly Designed Tetrazole-Activated Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:9301-9305. [PMID: 36516238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new class of Michael acceptor, tetrazolyl-trifluoromethyl alkenes, has been discovered. They readily undergo Michael-type addition instead of addition-elimination reaction with aliphatic amines and azoles to furnish β-trifluoromethyl alkylamines and CF3-substituted 1,2-bisazole derivatives, respectively. Additionally, some of the products are capable of engaging in microwave-assisted intramolecular denitrogenative annulation, leading to the formation of CF3-substituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines that are otherwise difficult to access by other methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Yin Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
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6
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Pleiotropic effects of AT-1 receptor antagonists in hypoxia induced by cardiac ischaemia. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1407-1410. [PMID: 35288835 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role and coordinates multiple body functions through its hormonal mechanism. The RAS is supported in its function by numerous peptides such as angiotensin II (Ang II), Ang IV, Ang III, angiotensin (1-7) and (1-9). The system formed by ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MASr is a regulatory pathway within the RAS system and its functions are different from those of the ACE/Ang II/AT-1r system. Recently, it has been discovered that a key role of the RAS and the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MASr system is in inflammatory processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Studies are ongoing to better understand and comprehend the function of the RAS in inflammation. Recent evidence associates AT-1r antagonists with a cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertrophic role. In this in vitro study, we demonstrate the protective role of treatment (50 and 200 μM) of an AT-1r antagonist, irbesartan, on hypoxia and inflammation-induced damage in cardiomyocytes.
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7
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Khan S, Wang Y, Zhang MN, Perveen S, Zhang J, Khan A. Regio- and enantioselective formation of tetrazole-bearing quaternary stereocenters via palladium-catalyzed allylic amination. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient method via catalysis by readily available Pd(0)/DACH-naphthyl catalyst under mild conditions, unlocks a new platform that permits the synthesis of elusive quaternary N2-allylic tetrazoles, even in the context of late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shahida Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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8
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Chroni A, Mavromoustakos T, Pispas S. Nano-Assemblies from Amphiphilic PnBA-b-POEGA Copolymers as Drug Nanocarriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071164. [PMID: 33916421 PMCID: PMC8038588 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study is the development of highly stable losartan potassium (LSR) polymeric nanocarriers. Two novel amphiphilic poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PnBA-b-POEGA) copolymers with different molecular weight (Mw) of PnBA are synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the encapsulation of LSR into both PnBA-b-POEGA micelles. Based on dynamic light scattering (DLS), the PnBA30-b-POEGA70 and PnBA27-b-POEGA73 (where the subscripts denote wt.% composition of the components) copolymers formed micelles of 10 nm and 24 nm in water. The LSR-loaded PnBA-b-POEGA nanocarriers presented increased size and greater mass nanostructures compared to empty micelles, implying the successful loading of LSR into the inner hydrophobic domains. A thorough NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) characterization of the LSR-loaded PnBA-b-POEGA nanocarriers was conducted. Strong intermolecular interactions between the biphenyl ring and the butyl chain of LSR with the methylene signals of PnBA were evidenced by 2D-NOESY experiments. The highest hydrophobicity of the PnBA27-b-POEGA73 micelles contributed to an efficient encapsulation of LSR into the micelles exhibiting a greater value of %EE compared to PnBA30-b-POEGA70 + 50% LSR nanocarriers. Ultrasound release profiles of LSR signified that a great amount of the encapsulated LSR is strongly attached to both PnBA30-b-POEGA70 and PnBA27-b-POEGA73 micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Chroni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-3824
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9
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Liu J, Xie B, Mai B, Cai Q, He R, Guo D, Zhang Z, Fan J, Zhang W. Development of a sensitive and stable GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four N-nitrosamine genotoxic impurities in sartan substances. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecently, N-nitrosamines have been unexpectedly found in generic sartan products. Herein, we developed a sensitive and stable GC-MS/MS method with multiple reactions monitoring mode for the simultaneous determination of four N-nitrosamines in sartan substances, namely, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine. The conditions of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were optimized. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and stability. The limits of detection of N-nitrosamines in sartan substances ranged from 0.002 to 0.150 ppm, and the corresponding limits of quantification were in the range of 0.008-0.500 ppm, which met the sensitivity requirements for the limits set by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. The internal standard curve of four N-nitrosamines showed good linearity of regression coefficients over 0.99. The recoveries of N-nitrosamines in selected sartan drugs ranged from 87.68 to 123.76%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviation values were less than 9.15%. Therefore, this proposed method exhibited good sensitivity and precision, high accuracy, and fast analysis speed, which provide a reliable method for quality control of N-nitrosamines in sartan products.
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10
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Ghamat SN, Talebpour Z. A vinylpyrrolidone-based thin film microextraction in combination with direct solid-state spectrofluorimetry for determination of sartans in human plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:146-155. [PMID: 32534667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A vinylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-acrylic acid thin film was prepared on a polypropylene guard and its formulation was optimized for application in thin film microextraction followed by direct solid-state spectrofluorimetry method. The surface morphology, fluorescence property and extraction performance of the thin film were investigated systematically. The intra- and inter-batch reproducibilities of thin film fabrication were obtained 2.3 and 4.2%, respectively. The lifetime of each prepared thin film was 30 times with a relative standard deviation of less than 1.4%. The developed method was optimized for extraction of some sartans as angiotensin II receptors antagonist (including losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan) which have been used to control hypertension as the main causes of cardiovascular disease. The optimum extraction conditions achieved at 2- (for losartan) and 4- (for valsartan and olmesartan) sample pH, 500-rpm rotation rate and 30-min extraction time for all three analytes. At the optimum conditions, analyses of losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan were validated in the human plasma matrix. Broad linearity ranges with determination coefficients of more than 0.999 were achieved for each calibration curve. Limit of detection of the method was 0.5 ng mL-1 for all three analytes. The intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions of the developed method were evaluated in spiked plasma samples at three concentration levels of each analyte with high recoveries of 95-101% and relative standard deviations less than 6%. This method provides a simple, sensitive, fast, and high-throughput analysis method with the possibility of effective extraction of at least 40 samples simultaneously without the necessity of protein precipitating, desorption, and solvent evaporation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Najafi Ghamat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, 19835-389, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, 19835-389, Iran.
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Smerikarova M, Bozhanov S, Maslarska V. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666181114091850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines
in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number
of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS),
Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS).
Methods:
The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of
analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the
medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids
aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our
knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014.
Results:
Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage
forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision
and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus.
Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on
liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods,
HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present.
Conclusion:
The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods
of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality
of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids
aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014,
many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize
the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological
media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Smerikarova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Bozhanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vania Maslarska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Rajamanickam S, Sah C, Mir BA, Ghosh S, Sethi G, Yadav V, Venkataramani S, Patel BK. Bu4NI-Catalyzed, Radical-Induced Regioselective N-Alkylations and Arylations of Tetrazoles Using Organic Peroxides/Peresters. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2118-2141. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rajamanickam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Chitranjan Sah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Garima Sethi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Vinita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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13
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Kellici TF, Ntountaniotis D, Liapakis G, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. The dynamic properties of angiotensin II type 1 receptor inverse agonists in solution and in the receptor site. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ramström O. Dynamic Covalent Kinetic Resolution. CATALYSIS REVIEWS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019; 62:66-95. [PMID: 33716355 PMCID: PMC7953846 DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2019.1664031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Implemented with the highly efficient concept of Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (DKR), dynamic covalent chemistry can be a useful strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched compounds. This gives rise to dynamic covalent kinetic resolution (DCKR), a subset of DKR that over the last decades has emerged as increasingly fruitful, with many applications in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. All DKR protocols are composed of two important parts: substrate racemization and asymmetric transformation, which can lead to yields of >50% with good enantiomeric excesses (ee) of the products. In DCKR systems, by utilizing reversible covalent reactions as the racemization strategy, the substrate enantiomers can be easily interconverted without the presence of any racemase or transition metal catalyst. Enzymes or other chiral catalysts can then be adopted for the resolution step, leading to products with high enantiopurities. This tutorial review focuses on the development of DCKR systems, based on different reversible reactions, and their applications in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., MA, 01854 Lowell, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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15
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Development of efficient one-pot three-component assembly of trityl olmesartan medoxomil. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4348-4359. [PMID: 30006144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have elaborated a one-pot three-component assembly of trityl olmesartan medoxomil starting from commercially available ethyl 4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, 5-(4'-(bromomethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-trityl-1H-tetrazole and 4-(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one intermediates. The developed and optimized one-pot process provides 72-75% yield of trityl olmesartan medoxomil over three steps, which represents in average ca. 90% yield per synthetic step, on a 300 g scale. The process is conducted in simple fashion and provides highly pure trityl olmesartan medoxomil (up to 97.5% by HPLC), which can be easily converted to olmesartan medoxomil that fully complies with all ICH requirements. Furthermore, the described process significantly improves the primary process to trityl olmesartan medoxomil by drastic reduction of required unit operations and application of single reaction solvent through the reaction sequence. Moreover, the amount of used organic solvents was notably reduced. The developed process has provided solid bases for industrial production of trityl olmesartan medoxomil.
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16
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Babarahimi V, Talebpour Z, Haghighi F, Adib N, Vahidi H. Validated determination of losartan and valsartan in human plasma by stir bar sorptive extraction based on acrylate monolithic polymer, liquid chromatographic analysis and experimental design methodology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:204-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Stolarczyk M, Apola A, Maślanka A, Kwiecień A, Opoka W. Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and substances from the group of statins in binary mixtures. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:463-478. [PMID: 29337671 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Applicability of derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of valsartan in the presence of a substance from the group of statins was checked. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method may be effective by using appropriate derivatives: for valsartan and fluvastatin - D1, D2 and D3, for valsartan and pravastatin - D1 and D3, for valsartan and atorvastatin - D2 and D3. The method was characterized by high sensitivity and accuracy. Linearity was maintained in the following ranges: 9.28-32.48 mg mL-1 for valsartan, 8.16-28.56 mg mL-1 f or fluvastatin, 14.40-39.90 mg mL-1 for atorvastatin and 9.60-48.00 mg mL-1 for pravastatin. Determination coefficients were in the range of 0.989-0.999 depending on the analyte and the order of derivative. The precision of the method was high with RSD from 0.1 to 2.5 % and recovery of individual components was within the range of 100 ± 5 %. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of valsartan combined with fluvastatin, atorvastatin and pravastatin in laboratory prepared mixtures and in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Stolarczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Anna Apola
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Anna Kwiecień
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy 30-688 Kraków , Poland
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18
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Peng M, Li S, Wu J, Guo Y, Cao S, Zhao Y. Fragmentation studies of sartans by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:591-596. [PMID: 28677141 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sartans and related analogues with 5-oxo-l, 2, 4-oxadiazole ring and tetrazole ring are investigated in detail using collision-induced dissociation (CID) method in positive ion mode by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn ). It is found that the protonated sartans and related analogues tend to form the N-substituted-3-substituted phenanthridin-6-amine ion which has a large conjugative structure. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed for the first time, and the key structure of product ions was confirmed by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. It is very helpful for understanding the intriguing roles of sartans analogues in fragmentation reactions and enriching the knowledge of the gas-phase chemistry of the oxadiazole and tetrazole ring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - J Wu
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Y Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Cao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Y Zhao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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19
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Li D, Wang K, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang P, Liu X, Yang D, Wang R. Magnesium Catalysis Mediated Tetrazoles in Desymmetrization Reaction of Aziridines. Org Lett 2017; 19:3211-3214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Wang C, Wang T, Huang L, Hou Y, Lu W, He H. Facile synthetic approach for 5-aryl-9-hydroxypyrano [3,2-f] indole-2(8H)-one. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel potent angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Four-component, five-centered, one-pot synthesis of 1-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Golubović J, Protić A, Otašević B, Zečević M. Quantitative structure–retention relationships applied to development of liquid chromatography gradient-elution method for the separation of sartans. Talanta 2016; 150:190-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Piotrowski DW, Kamlet AS, Dechert-Schmitt AMR, Yan J, Brandt TA, Xiao J, Wei L, Barrila MT. Regio- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Azole Hemiaminal Esters by Lewis Base Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4818-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Piotrowski
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam S. Kamlet
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Jiangli Yan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A. Brandt
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark T. Barrila
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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25
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Postmortem blood concentrations of sartans measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Letzel T, Bayer A, Schulz W, Heermann A, Lucke T, Greco G, Grosse S, Schüssler W, Sengl M, Letzel M. LC-MS screening techniques for wastewater analysis and analytical data handling strategies: Sartans and their transformation products as an example. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:198-206. [PMID: 26246044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A large number of anthropogenic trace contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, their human metabolites and further transformation products (TPs) enter wastewater treatment plants on a daily basis. A mixture of known, expected, and unknown molecules are discharged into the receiving aquatic environment because only partial elimination occurs for many of these chemicals during physical, biological and chemical treatment processes. In this study, an array of LC-MS methods from three collaborating laboratories was applied to detect and identify anthropogenic trace contaminants and their TPs in different waters. Starting with theoretical predictions of TPs, an efficient workflow using the combination of target, suspected-target and non-target strategies for the identification of these TPs in the environment was developed. These techniques and strategies were applied to study anti-hypertensive drugs from the sartan group (i.e., candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, and valsartan). Degradation experiments were performed in lab-scale wastewater treatment plants, and a screening workflow including an inter-laboratory approach was used for the identification of transformation products in the effluent samples. Subsequently, newly identified compounds were successfully analyzed in effluents of real wastewater treatment plants and river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anne Bayer
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heermann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Lucke
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Giorgia Greco
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sylvia Grosse
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Walter Schüssler
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Sengl
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Marion Letzel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Many medications can cause diarrhea by increasing motility, inflammation or enteropathy. Olmesartan and mycophenolic acid (CellCept) are drugs that are capable of increasing inflammation and enteropathy in some individuals and, if not recognized, can lead to chronic diarrhea. It is this type of drug-induced diarrhea that is the focus of this review. METHODS A summary of our findings (recent and earlier published) as well as a review of published works from other centers were conducted. RESULTS There is increasing evidence that olmesartan use is associated with enteropathy in a small number of individuals who use angiotensin receptor II blockers, and that this enteropathy is characterized by severe diarrhea capable of inducing severe dehydration and, in some instances, failure of organs such as the kidney. Typical patient demographics are Caucasian individuals who are older (>50 years old) and obese or overweight prior to weight loss. Prolonged exposure to olmesartan use for 1-2 years is typical, although case reports of irbesartan and valsartan have been reported as well. Discontinuing olmesartan leads to improvement of symptoms; however, the period for healing is variable, with some patients requiring steroid therapy and even prolonged parental nutrition support. In addition, many histological features of olmesartan-associated enteropathy are also present in celiac disease, including villi shortening and lymphocyte infiltration. Other drug-associated enteropathies have also been reported with mycophenolate mofetil used in transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Of the drug-associated enteropathies discussed in this review, olmesartan can generate the most severe symptoms, albeit quite rare. Therefore, with patients who present with severe diarrhea and weight loss, one should consider olmesartan-associated enteropathy. In addition, many of the features associated with olmesartan-associated enteropathy are also found in celiac disease enteropathy; as such, one should review any celiac disease diagnosis for any use of olmesartan at the time of diagnosis.
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28
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Zhong S, Sun C, Dou S, Liu W. Pd-catalyzed desulfitative and denitrogenative Suzuki-type reaction of arylsulfonyl hydrazides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed desulfitative–denitrogenative coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides and arylboronic acids with the assistance of catalytic ligands is described. The reaction showed very good selectivity and tolerated a wide range of functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
| | - Chenggang Sun
- College of Resources and Environment
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
| | - Sen Dou
- College of Resources and Environment
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- P. R. China
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29
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Effect of γ-cyclodextrin on solubilization and complexation of irbesartan: Influence of pH and excipients. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Edwards GA, Trafford MA, Hamilton AE, Buxton AM, Bardeaux MC, Chalker JM. Melamine and Melamine-Formaldehyde Polymers as Ligands for Palladium and Application to Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions in Sustainable Solvents. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2094-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402799t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant A. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Trafford
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Alaina E. Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Audrey M. Buxton
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Matthew C. Bardeaux
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker
Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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