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Monou PK, Andriotis EG, Tsongas K, Tzimtzimis EK, Katsamenis OL, Tzetzis D, Anastasiadou P, Ritzoulis C, Vizirianakis IS, Andreadis D, Fatouros DG. Fabrication of 3D Printed Hollow Microneedles by Digital Light Processing for the Buccal Delivery of Actives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5072-5083. [PMID: 37528336 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, two different microneedle devices were produced using digital light processing (DLP). These devices hold promise as drug delivery systems to the buccal tissue as they increase the permeability of actives with molecular weights between 600 and 4000 Da. The attached reservoirs were designed and printed along with the arrays as a whole device. Light microscopy was used to quality control the printability of the designs, confirming that the actual dimensions are in agreement with the digital design. Non-destructive volume imaging by means of microfocus computed tomography was employed for dimensional and defect characterization of the DLP-printed devices, demonstrating the actual volumes of the reservoirs and the malformations that occurred during printing. The penetration test and finite element analysis showed that the maximum stress experienced by the needles during the insertion process (10 N) was below their ultimate compressive strength (240-310 N). Permeation studies showed the increased permeability of three model drugs when delivered with the MN devices. Size-exclusion chromatography validated the stability of all the actives throughout the permeability tests. The safety of these printed devices for buccal administration was confirmed by histological evaluation and cell viability studies using the TR146 cell line, which indicated no toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kyriaki Monou
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Eleftherios G Andriotis
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsongas
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Emmanouil K Tzimtzimis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Anastasiadou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Christos Ritzoulis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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2
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Mazzinelli E, Favuzzi I, Arcovito A, Castagnola R, Fratocchi G, Mordente A, Nocca G. Oral Mucosa Models to Evaluate Drug Permeability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051559. [PMID: 37242801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its numerous advantages, such as excellent drug accessibility, rapid absorption, and bypass of first-pass metabolism, the route of drug administration that involves crossing the oral mucosa is highly favored. As a result, there is significant interest in investigating the permeability of drugs through this region. The purpose of this review is to describe the various ex vivo and in vitro models used to study the permeability of conveyed and non-conveyed drugs through the oral mucosa, with a focus on the most effective models. Currently, there is a growing need for standardized models of this mucosa that can be used for developing new drug delivery systems. Oral Mucosa Equivalents (OMEs) may provide a promising future perspective as they are capable of overcoming limitations present in many existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mazzinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Castagnola
- UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Testa-Collo e Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fratocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Józsa L, Nemes D, Pető Á, Kósa D, Révész R, Bácskay I, Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G. Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041146. [PMID: 37111632 PMCID: PMC10144798 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability assessment in the development phase of a drug product is vital to reveal the disadvantageous properties of the substance and the possible technological interventions. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies provide strong evidence for drug approval applications. Human and animal studies must be designed on the basis of preliminary biorelevant experiments in vitro and ex vivo. In this article, the authors have reviewed the recent methods and techniques from the last decade that are in use for assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules and the effects of technological modifications and drug delivery systems. Four main administration routes were selected: oral, transdermal, ocular, and nasal or inhalation. Three levels of methodologies were screened for each category: in vitro techniques with artificial membranes; cell culture, including monocultures and co-cultures; and finally, experiments where tissue or organ samples were used. Reproducibility, predictability, and level of acceptance by the regulatory organizations are summarized for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Józsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Révész
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Wanasathop A, Zhong C, Nimmansophon P, Murawsky M, Li SK. Characterization of Porcine Gingiva for Drug Absorption. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1032-1040. [PMID: 36417948 PMCID: PMC10033335 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gingiva or gum is a part of the periodontium that surrounds the tooth. Its main function is to provide an effective barrier to both mechanical trauma and bacterial invasion. Gingiva is the target site for some topical drugs. The most common disease in gingiva is periodontal diseases (gum infections). Understanding the gingiva barrier properties could provide insights into approaches to effective drug delivery for the gingiva. Porcine gingiva was chosen as the model in the present membrane transport study. The permeability coefficients of gingiva were determined using a modified Franz diffusion cell with small diffusional area (0.03 cm2) and 12 model permeants with different physicochemical properties. The influences of edge effect and aqueous boundary layers were not observed in the modified diffusion cell setup for the small pieces of gingiva tissue samples. Lipophilic permeants exhibit higher permeability coefficients than hydrophilic permeants. A correlation was observed between the Log permeability coefficient (Log P) and Log octanol-water distribution coefficient (Log Dow) in the analysis. The permeant molecular weight (MW) was also a factor in the Log P vs. Log Dow relationship. The coefficient of Log Dow in this three-factor relationship (0.42) suggested that the gingiva barrier was less lipophilic than octanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apipa Wanasathop
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Patcharawan Nimmansophon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Michael Murawsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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5
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De Caro V, Angellotti G, D’Agostino F, Di Prima G. Buccal Thin Films as Potent Permeation Enhancers for Cytisine Transbuccal Delivery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1169. [PMID: 36422161 PMCID: PMC9694529 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytisine (CYT) is a powerful anti-smoking compound which could greatly benefit from transbuccal delivery because of both its unfavorable pharmacokinetics after oral administration and its intrinsic ability to permeate the buccal mucosa. This work aims to design CYT-loaded buccal thin films suitable for transbuccal drug delivery due to its capability of promoting the interaction between CYT and the buccal membrane. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare several thin films combining various excipients such as matrixing polymers, mucoadhesion agents, plasticizers and other compounds as humectants and sweeteners, component ratios and solvents. A total of 36 compositions was prepared and four of them emerged as the most promising in terms of aspect and flexibility. They all demonstrated homogeneity, thinness, low swelling degree, and controlled drug release according to the Power Law and Peppas-Sahlin mathematical models. Mainly, they proved able to interact with the ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa producing mucoadhesive effects, and act as potent permeation enhancers. In particular, Film B emerged as suitable as it produced a 10.6-fold Kp enhancement and a great Js value (52.33 μg/cm2·h-1), even when compared to highly concentrated CYT solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angellotti
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffrè 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio D’Agostino
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità dell’Ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAS—CNR), Campobello di Mazara, 91021 Trapani, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Prima
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Formulation and characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gel containing metronidazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for buccal mucosal drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:1010-1018. [PMID: 34843817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Local delivery of drug is a promising strategy to manage periodontitis characterized by chronic inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. An optimized system should prolong the drug retention time and exhibit controlled drug permeation through the buccal mucosal layer. This study was aimed to develop hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing metronidazole (MTZ) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and to enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTZ. SLNs were prepared using a combination method of solvent evaporation and hot homogenization. The results showed that the fabricated SLNs, comprising of Precirol (2.93%, w/v), Tween 80 (1.8%, w/v), and the drug:lipid ratio of 19.3% (w/w), were approximately 200 nm in size, with a narrow distribution. The HEC (3%, w/w)-based gel formed a smooth, homogeneous structure and had preferable mechanical and rheological properties. Moreover, the MTZ-loaded SLNs-based HEC gel (equivalent to 1% of MTZ, w/w) exhibited a sustained in vitro drug release pattern, optimal ex vivo permeability, and enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity after 24 h of treatment. These findings indicate the potential of the MTZ-loaded SLNs-based HEC formulation for local drug delivery at the buccal mucosa in managing periodontal disease.
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Wanasathop A, Patel PB, Choi HA, Li SK. Permeability of Buccal Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1814. [PMID: 34834229 PMCID: PMC8624797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The buccal mucosa provides an alternative route of drug delivery that can be more beneficial compared to other administration routes. Although numerous studies and reviews have been published on buccal drug delivery, an extensive review of the permeability data is not available. Understanding the buccal mucosa barrier could provide insights into the approaches to effective drug delivery and optimization of dosage forms. This paper provides a review on the permeability of the buccal mucosa. The intrinsic permeability coefficients of porcine buccal mucosa were collected. Large variability was observed among the published permeability data. The permeability coefficients were then analyzed using a model involving parallel lipoidal and polar transport pathways. For the lipoidal pathway, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) and molecular weight (MW) in a subset of the permeability data under specific conditions. The permeability analysis suggested that the buccal permeation barrier was less lipophilic than octanol. For the polar pathway and macromolecules, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant MW. The hindered transport analysis suggested an effective pore radius of 1.5 to 3 nm for the buccal membrane barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.W.); (P.B.P.); (H.A.C.)
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Wang S, Zuo A, Guo J. Types and evaluation of in vitro penetration models for buccal mucosal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Itin C, Komargodski R, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. Controlled Delivery of Apomorphine Through Buccal Mucosa, Towards a Noninvasive Administration Method in Parkinson's Disease: A Preclinical Mechanistic Study. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2729-2734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Laffleur F, Egeling M. Evaluation of cellulose based patches for oral mucosal impairment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Itin C, Barasch D, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. Prolonged oral transmucosal delivery of highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119276. [PMID: 32243971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs through oral mucosa enables bypass of the gastrointestinal tract and "first pass" metabolism in the liver and the gut. Thus, a higher and less variable bioavailability can be obtained. Mechanisms of this administration route for cannabidiol were investigated in the current research in pigs. Results show that cannabidiol has substantially low permeability rate over 8 h through oral mucosa and accumulates significantly within it. Furthermore, following the removal of the delivery device, residual prolongation of release from the oral mucosa into systemic blood circulation continues for several hours. This method of delivery enabled acquisition of clinically relevant plasma levels of cannabidiol. The absorption profile indicates that cannabidiol, as well as other lipophilic molecules, should be delivered through oral mucosa for systemic absorption from a device that conceals the drug and prevents its washout by the saliva flow and subsequent ingestion into gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Itin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dinorah Barasch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the Buccal Permeability of Nicotine: Ex vivo Transport Studies Complemented by MALDI MS Imaging. Pharm Res 2018; 35:70. [PMID: 29468320 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of several chemical permeation enhancers on the buccal permeability of nicotine and to image the spatial distribution of nicotine in buccal mucosa with and without buccal permeation enhancers. METHODS The impact of sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Azone® on the permeability of [3H]-nicotine and [14C]-mannitol (a paracellular marker) across porcine buccal mucosa was studied ex vivo in modified Ussing chambers. The distribution of nicotine, mannitol and permeation enhancers was imaged using using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). RESULTS Despite STDC significantly increasing permeability of [14C]-mannitol, no enhancing effect was seen on [3H]-nicotine permeability with any of the permeation enhancers. Rather, SDS and DMSO retarded nicotine permeability, likely due to nicotine being retained in the donor compartment. The permeability results were complemented by the spatial distribution of nicotine and mannitol determined with MALDI MSI. CONCLUSIONS The buccal permeability of nicotine was affected in an enhancer specific manner, suggesting that nicotine primarily diffuses via the transcellular pathway. MALDI MSI was shown to complement ex vivo permeability studies and to be a useful qualitative tool for visualizing drug and penetration enhancer distribution in buccal mucosa.
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McCulloch R, Sattar M, Henderson EM, Lane ME, Bluebond-Langner M. Use of buccal morphine in the management of pain in children with life-limiting conditions: Results of a laboratory study. Palliat Med 2018. [PMID: 28631529 PMCID: PMC5788078 DOI: 10.1177/0269216317717192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and infants with impaired swallow or compromised enteral absorption require alternative routes for administration of analgesia. Recent clinical guidance and practice for paediatric palliative care teams, who often treat such children, supports buccal morphine sulphate as a fast acting, effective and easily administered agent for pain relief. However, a consideration of the physicochemical properties and potency of morphine would suggest that it is not a suitable candidate for delivery via the transmucosal route, raising questions about its use in children and infants. AIM To explore the permeability of buccal morphine sulphate in an established ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa as a necessary step in examining efficacy for use in children with life-limiting conditions and life-threatening illnesses. DESIGN A permeation study conducted with morphine sulphate in an ex vivo porcine buccal tissue model. Flux values and pharmacokinetic data were used to calculate the plasma values of morphine that would result following buccal administration in a 20kg child. RESULTS Results show that the estimated steady state plasma values of morphine sulphate following buccal administration in this model do not achieve minimum therapeutic concentration. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that morphine sulphate is not suitable for buccal administration and that further research is needed to establish its efficacy in relief of pain in children with life-limiting conditions and life-threatening illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée McCulloch
- 1 The Louis Dundas Centre for Palliative Care, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,3 Louis Dundas Centre for Children's Palliative Care, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Sattar
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
| | - Ellen M Henderson
- 3 Louis Dundas Centre for Children's Palliative Care, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Myra Bluebond-Langner
- 3 Louis Dundas Centre for Children's Palliative Care, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,5 Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Marxen E, Mosgaard MD, Pedersen AML, Jacobsen J. Mucin dispersions as a model for the oromucosal mucus layer in in vitro and ex vivo buccal permeability studies of small molecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:121-128. [PMID: 28974436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mucus layer is believed to play a part in drug permeation across the oral mucosa. Human freeze-dried saliva (HFDS) and porcine gastric mucin (PGM) was evaluated as model for mucus layer per se or in conjunction with in vitro and ex vivo buccal permeability models. Four small molecules (nicotine, mannitol, propranolol, caffeine) showed decreased permeability across mucin dispersions, compared to controls, and a greater effect was seen with HFDS than with PGM. Permeability of propranolol and caffeine across filter-grown TR146 cells was decreased by the presence of mucin, whereas no effect was found on nicotine and mannitol. Incubation of porcine buccal mucosa with mucin dispersions for 24 h compromised the integrity of the tissue, whereas 30 min incubation did not affect tissue integrity. Tissue incubation with mucin dispersions did not decrease nicotine permeability. For the studied model drugs, it is concluded that mucin dispersions constitute a minor barrier for drug diffusion compared to the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Marxen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Dalskov Mosgaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Bibi HA, Holm R, Bauer-Brandl A. Use of Permeapad® for prediction of buccal absorption: A comparison to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sattar M, Hadgraft J, Lane ME. Preparation, characterization and buccal permeation of naratriptan. Int J Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scaturro AL, De Caro V, Campisi G, Giannola LI. Potential transbuccal delivery of l-DOPA methylester prodrug: stability in the environment of the oral cavity and ability to cross the mucosal tissue. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:2355-2362. [PMID: 25533875 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.987332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Scaturro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Libero Italo Giannola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
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