1
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Griffin VP, Pace S, Ogunyankin MO, Holstein M, Hung J, Dhar P. Understanding the Impact of Combined Hydrodynamic Shear and Interfacial Dilatational Stress, on Interface-Mediated Particle Formation for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38615816 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
During biomanufacturing, several unit operations expose solutions of biologics to multiple stresses, such as hydrodynamic shear forces due to fluid flow and interfacial dilatational stresses due to mechanical agitation or bubble collapse. When these stresses individually act on proteins adsorbed to interfaces, it results in an increase in protein particles in the bulk solution, a phenomenon referred to as interface-induced protein particle formation. However, an understanding of the dominant cause, when multiple stresses are acting simultaneously or sequentially, on interface-induced protein particle formation is limited. In this work, we established a unique set-up using a peristaltic pump and a Langmuir-Pockels trough to study the impact of hydrodynamic shear stress due to pumping and interfacial dilatational stress, on protein particle formation. Our experimental results together demonstrate that for protein solutions subjected to various combinations of stress (i.e., interfacial and hydrodynamic stress in different sequences), surface pressure values during adsorption and when subjected to compression/dilatational stresses, showed no change, suggesting that the interfacial properties of the protein film are not impacted by pumping. The concentration of protein particles is an order of magnitude higher when interfacial dilatational stress is applied at the air-liquid interface, compared to solutions that are only subjected to pumping. Furthermore, the order in which these stresses are applied, have a significant impact on the concentration of protein particles measured in the bulk solution. Together, these studies conclude that for biologics exposed to multiple stresses throughout bioprocessing and manufacturing, exposure to air-liquid interfacial dilatational stress is the predominant mechanism impacting protein particle formation at the interface and in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product, Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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2
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Yu YS, Xu H, AboulFotouh K, Williams G, Suman J, Sahakijpijarn S, Cano C, Warnken ZN, Wu KCW, Williams RO, Cui Z. Intranasal delivery of thin-film freeze-dried monoclonal antibodies using a powder nasal spray system. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123892. [PMID: 38350499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered intranasally as dry powders can be potentially applied for the treatment or pre-exposure prevention of viral infections in the upper respiratory tract. However, a method to transform the mAbs from liquid to dry powders suitable for intranasal administration and a device that can spray the dry powders to the desired region of the nasal cavity are needed to fully realize the potentials of the mAbs. Herein, we report that thin-film freeze-dried mAb powders can be sprayed into the posterior nasal cavity using Aptar Pharma's Unidose (UDS) Powder Nasal Spray System. AUG-3387, a human-derived mAb that neutralizes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was used in the present study. First, we prepared thin-film freeze-dried AUG-3387 powders (i.e., TFF AUG-3387 powders) from liquid formulations containing different levels of mAbs. The TFF AUG-3387 powder with the highest solid content (i.e., TFF AUG-3387C) was then chosen for further characterization, including the evaluation of the plume geometry, spray pattern, and particle size distribution after the powder was sprayed using the UDS Powder Nasal Spray. Finally, the deposition patterns of the TFF AUG-3387C powder sprayed using the UDS Powder delivery system were studied using 3D-printed nasal replica casts based on the CT scans of an adult and a child. It is concluded that it is feasible to intranasally deliver mAbs as dry powders by transforming the mAbs into dry powders using thin-film freeze-drying and then spraying the powder using a powder nasal spray system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Yu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States; National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Khaled AboulFotouh
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Chris Cano
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin C-W Wu
- National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan; National Health Research Institute, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Robert O Williams
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States.
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3
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Escobar ELN, Griffin VP, Dhar P. Correlating Surface Activity with Interface-Induced Aggregation in a High-Concentration mAb Solution. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1490-1500. [PMID: 38385557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Interface-induced aggregation resulting in protein particle formation is an issue during the manufacturing and storage of protein-based therapeutics. High-concentration formulations of therapeutic proteins are even more prone to protein particle formation due to increased protein-protein interactions. However, the dependence of interface-induced protein particle formation on bulk protein concentration is not understood. Furthermore, the formation of protein particles is often mitigated by the addition of polysorbate-based surfactants. However, the details of surfactant-protein interactions that prevent protein particle formation at high concentrations remain unclear. In this work, a tensiometer technique was used to evaluate the surface pressure of an industrially relevant mAb at different bulk concentrations, and in the absence and presence of a polysorbate-based surfactant, polysorbate 20 (PS20). The adsorption kinetics was correlated with subvisible protein particle formation at the air-water interface and in the bulk protein solution using a microflow imaging technique. Our results showed that, in the absence of any surfactant, the number of subvisible particles in the bulk protein solutions increased linearly with mAb concentration, while the number of protein particles measured at the interface showed a logarithmic dependence on bulk protein concentration. In the presence of surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), our results for low-concentration mAb solutions (10 mg/mL) showed an interface that is surfactant-dominated, and particle characterization results showed that the addition of the surfactant led to reduced particle formation. In contrast, for the highest concentration (170 mg/mL), coadsorption of proteins and surfactants was observed at the air-water interface, even for surfactant formulations above CMC and the surfactant did not mitigate subvisible particle formation. Our results taken together provide evidence that the ratio between the surfactant and mAb molecules is an important consideration when formulating high-concentration mAb therapeutics to prevent unwanted aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie L N Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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4
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Weidman J, Mathews L, Gokhale K. Quartz Crystal Microbalance as a Predictive Tool for Drug-Material of Construction Interactions in Intravenous Protein Drug Administration. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3154-3163. [PMID: 37597752 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
As a growing number of protein drug products are developed, formulation characterization is becoming important. An IgG drug product is tested at concentrations from 0.0001-0.1 mg/mL for adsorption behavior to polymer surfaces polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) upon dilution in normal saline (NS) using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The studies mimicked IgG antibody interaction during IV administration with polymeric surfaces within syringes, lines, and bags. Drug product was characterized with excipients, with focus on surfactant. Drug solutions were run over polymer-coated sensors to measure the adsorption behavior of the formulation with emphasis on the behavior of each of the formulation's components. Over 60 sensorgram data sets were correlated with assayed protein solution concentrations in mock NS-diluted infusions of drug product in the equivalent concentrations to QCM experiments to build a preliminary predictive model for determining fraction of drug and surfactant adsorbed and lost at the hydrophobic surface during administration. These results create a method for reliably and predictively estimating drug product adsorption behavior and protein drug dose loss on polymers at different protein drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Weidman
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, A Johnson & Johnson Company 1400 McKean Rd, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA 19002, USA.
| | - Ligi Mathews
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, A Johnson & Johnson Company 335 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Kedar Gokhale
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, A Johnson & Johnson Company 335 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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5
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Thite NG, Ghazvini S, Wallace N, Feldman N, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Interfacial Adsorption Controls Particle Formation in Antibody Formulations Subjected to Extensional Flows and Hydrodynamic Shear. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2766-2777. [PMID: 37453529 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During their manufacturing and delivery to patients, therapeutic proteins are commonly exposed to various interfaces and to hydrodynamic shear forces. Although adsorption of proteins to solid-liquid interfaces is known to foster formation of protein aggregates and particles, the impact of shear remains controversial, in part because of experimental challenges in separating the effects of shear from those caused by simultaneous exposure to interfaces. Extensional flows (occurring when solutions flow through sudden contractions) exert localized elongational forces that have been suspected to be damaging to proteins. In this work, we measured aggregation and particle formation in formulations of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies subjected to extensional flow, high shear (105 s-1) and exposure to stainless-steel/water interfaces. Modification of the surface charge at the stainless steel/water interface changed protein adsorption characteristics without altering shear profiles, enabling shear and interfacial interactions to be separated. Even under conditions where antibodies were subjected to high hydrodynamic shear and extensional flow, production of subvisible particles could be inhibited by modifying the stainless-steel surface charge to minimize antibody adsorption. Digital images of particles recorded by flow imaging microscopy (FIM) and analyzed with machine learning algorithms were consistent with a particle formation mechanism by which antibodies adsorb and aggregate at the stainless-steel/water interface and subsequently form particles when shear displaces the interfacial aggregates, transporting them into the bulk solution. Topographical differences measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) supported the proposed mechanism by showing reduced levels of protein adsorption on surface-charge-modified stainless-steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi G Thite
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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6
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Griffin VP, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Comparison of Protein Particle Formation in IgG1 mAbs Formulated with PS20 Vs. PS80 When Subjected to Interfacial Dilatational Stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 37081185 PMCID: PMC10118229 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are nonionic surfactants that are commonly included in protein formulations to mitigate the formation of interfacial stress-induced protein particles and thus increase their long-term storage stability. Nonetheless, factors that dictate the efficiency of different polysorbates in mitigating protein particle formation, especially during the application of interfacial stresses, are often ill defined. Here, we used a Langmuir trough to determine the surface activity of two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies formulated with two different polysorbates (PS20 and PS80) when subjected to interfacial dilatational stress. Interfacial properties of these formulations were then correlated with characterization of subvisible protein particles measured by micro-flow imaging (MFI). Both mAbs, when formulated in PS20, demonstrate faster adsorption kinetics and higher surface activity compared to PS80 or surfactant-free formulations. Compression/expansion results suggest that when exposed to interfacial dilatational stresses, both mAb/PS20 formulations display interfacial properties of PS20 alone. In contrast, interfacial properties of both mAb/PS80 formulations suggest mAbs and PS80 are co-adsorbed to the air-water interface. Further, MFI analysis of the interface and the bulk solution confirms that PS20 is more effective than PS80 at mitigating the formation of larger particles in the bulk solution in both mAbs. Concomitantly, the efficiency of PS to prevent interface-induced protein particle formation also depended on the protein's inherent tendency to aggregate at a surfactant-free interface. Together, the studies presented here highlight the importance of determining the interfacial properties of mAbs, surfactants, and their combinations to make informed formulation decisions about the choice of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, Emporia, Kansas, USA
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
- Sparks Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
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7
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Thite NG, Ghazvini S, Wallace N, Feldman N, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Machine Learning Analysis Provides Insight into Mechanisms of Protein Particle Formation Inside Containers During Mechanical Agitation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2730-2744. [PMID: 35835184 PMCID: PMC9481670 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Container choice can influence particle generation within protein formulations. Incompatibility between proteins and containers can manifest as increased particle concentrations, shifts in particle size distributions and changes in particle morphology distributions. In this study, flow imaging microscopy (FIM) combined with machine learning-based goodness-of-fit hypothesis testing algorithms were used in accelerated stability studies to investigate the impact of containers on particle formation. Containers in four major container categories subdivided into eleven container types were filled with monoclonal antibody formulations and agitated with and without headspace, producing subvisible particles. Digital images of the particles were recorded using flow imaging microscopy and analyzed with machine learning algorithms. Particle morphology distributions depended on container category and type, revealing differences that would not have been obvious by analysis of particle concentrations or container surface characteristics alone. Additionally, the algorithm was used to compare morphologies of particles generated in containers against those generated using isolated stresses at air-liquid and container-air-liquid interfaces. These comparisons showed that the morphology distributions of particles formed during agitation most closely resemble distributions that result from exposure of proteins to moving triple interface lines at points where container-air-liquid interfaces intersect. The approach described here can be used to identify dominant causes of particle generation due to protein-container interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi G Thite
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Saba Ghazvini
- AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Naomi Feldman
- AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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8
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Pringle V, Merritt K, Vaclaw C, Whitaker N, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Pace S, Dhar P. Evaluating the combined impact of temperature and application of interfacial dilatational stresses on surface-mediated protein particle formation in monoclonal antibody formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:680-689. [PMID: 34742729 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formation of submicron and subvisible protein particles (0.1-100 μm) present a major obstacle during processing and storage of therapeutic proteins. While protein aggregation resulting in particle formation is well-understood in bulk solution, the mechanisms of aggregation due to interfacial stresses is less understood. Particularly, in this study, we focus on understanding the combined effect of temperature and application of interfacial dilatational stresses, on interface-induced protein particle formation, using two industrially relevant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The surface activity of Molecule C (MC) and Molecule B (MB) were measured at room temperature (RT) and 4°C in the absence and presence of interfacial dilatation stress using a Langmuir trough. These results were correlated with Micro-flow imaging (MFI) to characterize formation of subvisible protein particles at the interface and in the bulk solution. Our results show that the surface activity for both proteins is temperature dependent. However, the extent of the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties of the monomolecular protein films when subjected to dilatational stresses is protein dependent. Protein particle analysis provided evidence that protein particles formed in bulk solution originate at the interface and are dependent on both application of thermal stresses and interfacial dilatational stresses. In the absence of any interfacial stresses, more and larger protein particles were formed at the interface at RT than at 4°C. When mAb formulations are subjected to interfacial dilatational stresses, protein particle formation in bulk solution was found to be temperature dependent. Together our results validate that mAb solutions maintained at 4°C can lower the surface activity of proteins and reduce their tendency to form interface-induced protein particles both in the absence and presence of interfacial dilatational stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pringle
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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9
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Vargo KB, Stahl P, Hwang B, Hwang E, Giordano D, Randolph P, Celentano C, Hepler R, Amin K. Surfactant Impact on Interfacial Protein Aggregation and Utilization of Surface Tension to Predict Surfactant Requirements for Biological Formulations. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:148-157. [PMID: 33253579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological drug products are formulated with excipients to maintain stability over the shelf life of the product. Surfactants are added to the drug product to stabilize air-water interfaces known to induce protein aggregation. Early formulation development is focused on maintaining protein conformation and colloidal stability over the course of the drug product shelf life but rarely considers stability through dose preparation and administration. Specifically, intravenous (IV) bag preparation exposes the therapeutic protein to a different solution environment concurrently diluting the stabilizing excipients that had been added to the drug product formulation. Mixing in IV bags can generate dynamic changes in the air-water interfacial area known to cause protein aggregation if not sufficiently protected. Therefore, understanding the surfactant requirements for drug product end-to-end stability in early formulation development provides critical information for a right-first-time approach to drug product formulation and robust clinical preparation. The goal of these studies was to understand if interfacial properties of proteins could predict surfactant formulation requirements for end-to-end stability. Specifically, the interfacial properties of five proteins were measured in 0.9% saline and 5% dextrose. Furthermore, shaking studies were conducted to identify the minimum surfactant concentration required to prevent subvisible and visible particle formulation in each diluent. The impact of surfactant type and concentration on particle generation and size was explored. A mathematical model was generated to predict the minimum surfactant concentration required to prevent interface-driven aggregation in each diluent based on the change in surface pressure upon exposure of the protein to the interface. The model was tested under typical IV-preparation conditions with experimental output closely matching the model prediction. By employing this model and better understanding the role of surfactants in interfacial stability, drug product development can generate robust end-to-end large molecule formulations across shelf life, dose preparation, and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Vargo
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Patrick Stahl
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Brian Hwang
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Erica Hwang
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Daniel Giordano
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Peyton Randolph
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Christina Celentano
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Robert Hepler
- BioTherapeutics Cell and Developability Sciences (BioTD CDS), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ketan Amin
- BioTherapeutics Drug Product Development (BioTD DPD), Janssen Research and Development (Janssen R&D), Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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10
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Pringle V, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Carvalho T, Pan D, Liu Z, Bindra D, Khossravi M, Bolgar M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Impact of Polysorbate 80 Grade on the Interfacial Properties and Interfacial Stress Induced Subvisible Particle Formation in Monoclonal Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:746-759. [PMID: 32987092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant that is added to therapeutic protein formulations to mitigate protein particle formation when subjected to various mechanical stresses. Variations in the PS80 grade has recently sparked questions surrounding the effect of oleic acid content (OAC) on surfactant's ability to mitigate interface-induced protein particle formation when stressed. In this work, a Langmuir trough was used to apply interfacial dilatational stress to two IgG molecules (mAb1 and mAb2) in formulations containing Chinese pharmacopeia (CP) and multicompendial (MC) grades of PS80. The interfacial properties of these mAb formulations, with and without interfacial dilatational stresses, were correlated with subvisible particle count and particle size/morphology distributions as measured by Micro-flow imaging (MFI). Overall, differences in interfacial properties correlated well with protein particle formation for both molecules in the two PS80 formulations. Further, the impact of grade of PS80 on the interfacial properties and interfacial stress-induced protein particle formation depends on the adsorption kinetics of the IgG molecules as well as the concentration of the surfactant used. This study demonstrates that measuring the interfacial properties of mAb formulations can be a useful tool to predict interfacial stress induced protein particle formation in the presence of different excipients of varying quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Valerie Pringle
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Thiago Carvalho
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Duohai Pan
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Dilbir Bindra
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Khossravi
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mark Bolgar
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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11
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Surfaces Affect Screening Reliability in Formulation Development of Biologics. Pharm Res 2020; 37:27. [PMID: 31907628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for aggregation is particularly important during product development to ensure the quality and safety of therapeutic antibodies. We demonstrate the role of container surfaces on the aggregation process of three mAbs under elevated temperature and long-term storage conditions in the absence of mechanical stress. METHODS A systematic study of aggregation is performed for different proteins, vial material, storage temperature, and presence of surfactant. We use size exclusion chromatography and micro-flow imaging to determine the bulk concentration of aggregates, which we combine with optical and atomic force microscopy of vial surfaces to determine the effect of solid-liquid interfaces on the bulk aggregate concentration under different conditions. RESULTS We show that protein particles under elevated temperature conditions adhere to the vial surfaces, causing a substantial underestimation of aggregation propensity as determined by common methods used in development of biologics. Under actual long-term storage conditions at 5°C, aggregate particles do not adhere to the surface, causing an increase in bulk concentration of particles, which cannot be predicted from elevated temperature screening tests by common methods alone. We also identify specific protein - surface interactions which promote oligomer formation in the nanometre range. CONCLUSIONS Special care should be taken when interpreting size exclusion and particle count data from stability studies if different temperatures and vial types are involved. We propose a novel combination of methods to characterise vial surfaces and bulk solution for a full understanding of protein aggregation processes in a sample.
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12
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Krueger AB, Hadley J, Cheney PP, Markova N, Carpenter JF, Fradkin AH. Application of a Best Practice Approach Using Resonant Mass Measurement for Biotherapeutic Product Characterization. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1675-1685. [PMID: 30599170 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing and quantifying subvisible particles in protein drug products is critical to ensuring product quality. A variety of analytical methods are used to detect and make meaningful measurements of subvisible particles. Resonant mass measurement (RMM) is a novel technology that characterizes the subvisible particle content of samples on a particle-by-particle basis. The technology presents great promise in the study of therapeutic protein products. As an emerging tool in the biopharmaceutical field, the best practices and limitations of RMM for protein products have not been well established. One key challenge of particle analysis is producing robust and reliable data, with high precision and accuracy, for particle characterization. In this study, we develop a set of possible best practices for RMM using a model protein system. We test the effects of these practices on the repeatability and reproducibility of particle measurements. Additionally, we present the data collected under a rigorously controlled set of operating conditions at 3 collaborating sites as well as a summary of the resulting optimal practices. In employing these practices, we successfully obtained improved relative standard deviation values and achieved high reproducibility and repeatability in both sizing and concentration measurement results over a broad range of sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Krueger
- KBI Biopharma, Inc, 2500 Central Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80301.
| | - Judith Hadley
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581
| | - Philip P Cheney
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-4119, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Natalia Markova
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581
| | - John F Carpenter
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-4119, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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13
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Effect of Chemical Oxidation on the Higher Order Structure, Stability, Aggregation, and Biological Function of Interferon Alpha-2a: Role of Local Structural Changes Detected by 2D NMR. Pharm Res 2018; 35:232. [PMID: 30324266 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidized interferons have been shown to aggregate and cause immunogenicity. In this study, the structural mechanisms underlying oxidation-induced interferon alpha-2a (IFNA2a) aggregation and loss of function were examined. METHODS IFNA2a was oxidized using 0.037% vol/vol hydrogen peroxide. Oxidized protein was probed using biophysical methods that include denaturant melts, particle counting, proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry, and 2D NMR. RESULTS Oxidized IFNA2a did not show major changes in its secondary structure, but showed minor changes in tertiary structure when compared to the unoxidized protein. In addition, a significant loss of conformational stability was observed upon oxidation. Correspondingly, increased protein aggregation was observed resulting in the formation of sub-visible particles. Oxidized protein showed decreased biological function in terms of its anti-viral potency and cytopathic inhibition efficacy. Proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry identified five methionine residues that were oxidized with no correlation between the extent of oxidation and their accessible surface area. 2D 15N-1H HSQC NMR identified residue-level local structural changes in the protein upon oxidation, which were not detectable by global probes such as far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS Increased protein aggregation and decreased function of IFNA2a upon oxidation correlated with the site of modification identified by proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry and local structural changes in the protein detected by 2D NMR.
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14
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Expanding Bedside Filtration-A Powerful Tool to Protect Patients From Protein Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2775-2788. [PMID: 30059660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein immunogenicity is intensively researched by academics, biopharmaceutical companies, and authorities as it can compromise the safety and efficacy of a biopharmaceutical drug. So far, the exact protein aggregate properties inducing immune responses are not known. Possible protein-related factors could be size, chemical modifications, or higher order structures. It is impossible to achieve an absolute absence of protein aggregates even for very stable formulations. The application of "bedside filtration," meaning filtration during the preparation or administration of the drug product immediately before injection, has the potential to increase the safety of every drug container and could prevent the undesired injection of particulate matter into the patient. In this study, the high efficiency of filtration for reducing the amount of protein particles was demonstrated with more than 19 stressed and nonstressed biopharmaceutical products which covered a broad concentration and molecular weight range. Furthermore, critical aspects regarding the usage of filters such as particle shedding from filters, protein loss as a result of protein adsorption, or the hold-up volume of the filters were assessed. Although differences between the filters were observed, no negative impact by the investigated filters could be found. A broader application of bedside filtration is therefore proposed.
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16
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Kalonia CK, Heinrich F, Curtis JE, Raman S, Miller MA, Hudson SD. Protein Adsorption and Layer Formation at the Stainless Steel-Solution Interface Mediates Shear-Induced Particle Formation for an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1319-1331. [PMID: 29425047 PMCID: PMC5997281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Passage of specific protein solutions through certain pumps, tubing, and/or filling nozzles can result in the production of unwanted subvisible protein particles (SVPs). In this work, surface-mediated SVP formation was investigated. Specifically, the effects of different solid interface materials, interfacial shear rates, and protein concentrations on SVP formation were measured for the National Institute of Standards and Technology monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb), a reference IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). A stainless steel rotary piston pump was used to identify formulation and process parameters that affect aggregation, and a flow cell (alumina or stainless steel interface) was used to further investigate the effect of different interface materials and/or interfacial shear rates. SVP particles produced were monitored using flow microscopy or flow cytometry. Neutron reflectometry and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were used to characterize adsorption and properties of NISTmAb at the stainless steel interface. Pump/shear cell experiments showed that the NISTmAb concentration and interface material had a significant effect on SVP formation, while the effects of interfacial shear rate and passage number were less important. At the higher NISTmAb concentrations, the adsorbed protein became structurally altered at the stainless steel interface. The primary adsorbed layer remained largely undisturbed during flow, suggesting that SVP formation at high NISTmAb concentration was caused by the disruption of patches and/or secondary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan K. Kalonia
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Frank Heinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sid Raman
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Maria A. Miller
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Steven D. Hudson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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17
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Turner A, Yandrofski K, Telikepalli S, King J, Heckert A, Filliben J, Ripple D, Schiel JE. Development of orthogonal NISTmAb size heterogeneity control methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2095-2110. [PMID: 29428991 PMCID: PMC5830496 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The NISTmAb is a monoclonal antibody Reference Material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology; it is a class-representative IgG1κ intended to serve as a pre-competitive platform for harmonization and technology development in the biopharmaceutical industry. The publication series of which this paper is a part describes NIST's overall control strategy to ensure NISTmAb quality and availability over its lifecycle. In this paper, the development of a control strategy for monitoring NISTmAb size heterogeneity is described. Optimization and qualification of size heterogeneity measurement spanning a broad size range are described, including capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and flow imaging analysis. This paper is intended to provide relevant details of NIST's size heterogeneity control strategy to facilitate implementation of the NISTmAb as a test molecule in the end user's laboratory. Graphical abstract Representative size exclusion chromatogram of the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb). The NISTmAb is a publicly available research tool intended to facilitate advancement of biopharmaceutical analytics. HMW = high molecular weight (trimer and dimer), LMW = low molecular weight (2 fragment peaks). Peak labeled buffer is void volume of the column from L-histidine background buffer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Chromatography, Gel/methods
- Chromatography, Gel/standards
- Dynamic Light Scattering/methods
- Dynamic Light Scattering/standards
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Limit of Detection
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Aggregates
- Quality Control
- Reference Standards
- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Turner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- MedImmune, LLC, 55 Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Katharina Yandrofski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Srivalli Telikepalli
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jason King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Alan Heckert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James Filliben
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dean Ripple
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - John E Schiel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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18
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Cavicchi RE, King J, Ripple DC. Measurement of Average Aggregate Density by Sedimentation and Brownian Motion Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1304-1312. [PMID: 29409841 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The spatially averaged density of protein aggregates is an important parameter that can be used to relate size distributions measured by orthogonal methods, to characterize protein particles, and perhaps to estimate the amount of protein in aggregate form in a sample. We obtained a series of images of protein aggregates exhibiting Brownian diffusion while settling under the influence of gravity in a sealed capillary. The aggregates were formed by stir-stressing a monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb). Image processing yielded particle tracks, which were then examined to determine settling velocity and hydrodynamic diameter down to 1 μm based on mean square displacement analysis. Measurements on polystyrene calibration microspheres ranging in size from 1 to 5 μm showed that the mean square displacement diameter had improved accuracy over the diameter derived from imaged particle area, suggesting a future method for correcting size distributions based on imaging. Stokes' law was used to estimate the density of each particle. It was found that the aggregates were highly porous with density decreasing from 1.080 to 1.028 g/cm3 as the size increased from 1.37 to 4.9 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Cavicchi
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.
| | - Jason King
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; XSOLIS, Nashville, Tennessee 37217
| | - Dean C Ripple
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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19
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Daniels AL, Randolph TW. Flow Microscopy Imaging Is Sensitive to Characteristics of Subvisible Particles in Peginesatide Formulations Associated With Severe Adverse Reactions. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1313-1321. [PMID: 29409840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of subvisible particles in formulations of therapeutic proteins is a risk factor for adverse immune responses. Although the immunogenic potential of particulate contaminants likely depends on particle structural characteristics (e.g., composition, size, and shape), exact structure-immunogenicity relationships are unknown. Images recorded by flow imaging microscopy reflect information about particle morphology, but flow microscopy is typically used to determine only particle size distributions, neglecting information on particle morphological features that may be immunologically relevant. We recently developed computational techniques that utilize the Kullback-Leibler divergence and multidimensional scaling to compare the morphological properties of particles in sets of flow microscopy images. In the current work, we combined these techniques with expectation maximization cluster analyses and used them to compare flow imaging microscopy data sets that had been collected by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration after severe adverse drug reactions (including 7 fatalities) were observed in patients who had been administered some lots of peginesatide formulations. Flow microscopy images of particle populations found in the peginesatide lots associated with severe adverse reactions in patients were readily distinguishable from images of particles in lots where severe adverse reactions did not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Daniels
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596.
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20
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Nanoparticulate Impurities Isolated from Pharmaceutical-Grade Sucrose Are a Potential Threat to Protein Stability. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2910-2921. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Effect of Aggregation on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Impact of Sterilization Method on Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Polymer-Based Syringes. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1001-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Reduced Subvisible Particle Formation in Lyophilized Intravenous Immunoglobulin Formulations Containing Polysorbate 20. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2302-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Factors Governing the Accuracy of Subvisible Particle Counting Methods. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2042-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Chan CP. Forced degradation studies: current trends and future perspectives for protein-based therapeutics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:651-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine P. Chan
- Global Manufacturing Science & Technology, Specialty Care Operations, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
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26
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Ghazvini S, Kalonia C, Volkin DB, Dhar P. Evaluating the Role of the Air-Solution Interface on the Mechanism of Subvisible Particle Formation Caused by Mechanical Agitation for an IgG1 mAb. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1643-1656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Kijanka G, Bee JS, Bishop SM, Que I, Löwik C, Jiskoot W. Fate of Multimeric Oligomers, Submicron, and Micron Size Aggregates of Monoclonal Antibodies Upon Subcutaneous Injection in Mice. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1693-1704. [PMID: 27044942 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the fate of differently sized protein aggregates upon subcutaneous injection in mice. A murine and a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG1) antibody were labeled with a fluorescent dye and subjected to stress conditions to create aggregates. Aggregates fractionated by centrifugation or gel permeation chromatography were administered subcutaneously into SKH1 mice. The biodistribution was measured by in vivo fluorescence imaging for up to 1 week post injection. At several time points, mice were sacrificed and selected organs and tissues were collected for ex vivo analysis. Part of injected aggregated IgGs persisted much longer at the injection site than unstressed controls. Aggregate fractions containing submicron (0.1-1 μm) or micron (1-100 μm) particles were retained to a similar extent. Highly fluorescent "hot-spots" were detected 24 h post injection in spleens of mice injected with submicron aggregates of murine IgG. Submicron aggregates of human IgG showed higher accumulation in draining lymph nodes 1 h post injection than unstressed controls or micron size aggregates. For both tested proteins, aggregated fractions seemed to be eliminated from circulation more rapidly than monomeric fractions. The biodistribution of monomers isolated from solutions subjected to stress conditions was similar to that of unstressed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kijanka
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jared S Bee
- Analytical Biotechnology Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20898
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20898
| | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Moussa EM, Panchal JP, Moorthy BS, Blum JS, Joubert MK, Narhi LO, Topp EM. Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Protein Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:417-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Sediq AS, van Duijvenvoorde RB, Jiskoot W, Nejadnik MR. No Touching! Abrasion of Adsorbed Protein Is the Root Cause of Subvisible Particle Formation During Stirring. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:519-529. [PMID: 26869415 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the effect of contact sliding during stirring of a monoclonal antibody solution on protein aggregation, in particular, in the nanometer and micrometer size range. An overhead stirring set-up was designed in which the presence and magnitude of the contact between the stir bar and the container could be manipulated. A solution of 0.1 mg/mL of a monoclonal antibody (IgG) in phosphate buffered saline was stirred at 300 rpm at room temperature. At different time points, samples were taken and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow imaging microscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography. In contrast to non-contact-stirred and unstirred samples, the contact-stirred sample contained several-fold more particles and showed a significant loss of monomer. No increase in oligomer content was detected. The number of particles formed was proportional to the contact area and the magnitude of the normal pressure between the stir bar and the glass container. Extrinsic 9-(2,2-dicyanovinyl) julolidine fluorescence indicated a conformational change for contact-stirred protein samples. Presence of polysorbate 20 inhibited the formation of micron-sized aggregates. We suggest a model in which abrasion of the potentially destabilized, adsorbed protein leads to aggregation and renewal of the surface for adsorption of a fresh protein layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Sediq
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - R B van Duijvenvoorde
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
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30
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Bria CR, Jones J, Charlesworth A, Williams SKR. Probing Submicron Aggregation Kinetics of an IgG Protein by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:31-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Barnett GV, Qi W, Amin S, Lewis EN, Razinkov VI, Kerwin BA, Liu Y, Roberts CJ. Structural Changes and Aggregation Mechanisms for Anti-Streptavidin IgG1 at Elevated Concentration. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15150-63. [PMID: 26563591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-native protein aggregation may occur during manufacturing and storage of protein therapeutics, and this may decrease drug efficacy or jeopardize patient safety. From a regulatory perspective, changes in higher order structure due to aggregation are of particular interest but can be difficult to monitor directly at elevated protein concentrations. The present report focuses on non-native aggregation of antistreptavidin (AS) IgG1 at 30 mg/mL under solution conditions that prior work at dilute concentrations (e.g., 1 mg/mL) indicated would result in different aggregation mechanisms. Time-dependent aggregation and structural changes were monitored in situ with dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and Raman scattering and ex situ with far-UV circular dichroism and second-derivative UV spectroscopy. The effects of adding 0.15 M (∼5 w/w %) sucrose were also assessed. The addition of sucrose decreased monomer loss rates but did not change protein-protein interactions, aggregation mechanism(s), or aggregate structure and morphology. Consistent with prior results, altering the pD or salt concentration had the primary effect of changing the aggregation mechanism. Overall, the results provide a comparison of aggregate structure and morphology created via different growth mechanisms using orthogonal techniques and show that the techniques agree at least qualitatively. Interestingly, AS-IgG1 aggregates created at pD 5.3 with no added salt formed the smallest aggregates but had the largest structural changes compared to other solution conditions. The observation that the larger aggregates were also those with less structural perturbation compared to folded AS-IgG1 might be expected to extend to other proteins if the same strong electrostatic repulsions that mediate aggregate growth also mediate structural changes of the constituent proteins within aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory V Barnett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Malvern Biosciences Incorporated, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Samiul Amin
- Malvern Biosciences Incorporated, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - E Neil Lewis
- Malvern Biosciences Incorporated, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Incorporated, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | - Bruce A Kerwin
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Incorporated, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Center for Neutron Science, National Institutes of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Ripple DC, Hu Z. Correcting the Relative Bias of Light Obscuration and Flow Imaging Particle Counters. Pharm Res 2015; 33:653-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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IgG-loaded hyaluronan-based dissolving microneedles for intradermal protein delivery. J Control Release 2015; 218:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Hamrang Z, Hussain M, Tingey K, Tracka M, Casas-Finet JR, Uddin S, van der Walle CF, Pluen A. Characterisation of Stress-Induced Aggregate Size Distributions and Morphological Changes of a Bi-Specific Antibody Using Orthogonal Techniques. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2473-81. [PMID: 26053418 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in monoclonal antibody (mAb) screening and formulation selection is the ability of the mAb to resist aggregation following exposure to environmental stresses. Regulatory authorities welcome not only information on the presence of micron-sized particles, but often any information on sub-visible particles in the size range obtained by orthogonal sizing techniques. The present study demonstrates the power of combining established techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and micro-flow imaging (MFI), with novel analyses such as raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) that offer to bridge existent particle sizing gaps in this area. The influence of thermal and freeze-thaw stress treatments on particle size and morphology was assessed for a bi-specific antibody (mAb2). Aggregation of mAb2 was confirmed to be concentration- and treatment-dependent following thermal stress and freeze-thaw cycling. Particle size and count data show concentration- and treatment-dependent behaviour of aggregate counts, morphological descriptors and particle size distributions. Complementarity in particle size output was observed between all approaches utilised, where RICS bridged the analytical size gap (∼0.5-5 μm) between DLS and MFI. Overall, this study highlights the potential of orthogonal image analyses such as RICS (analytical size gap) and MFI (particle morphology) for formulation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hamrang
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Maryam Hussain
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Katie Tingey
- MedImmune, Formulation Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Malgorzata Tracka
- MedImmune, Formulation Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Shahid Uddin
- MedImmune, Formulation Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Alain Pluen
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Narhi LO, Corvari V, Ripple DC, Afonina N, Cecchini I, Defelippis MR, Garidel P, Herre A, Koulov AV, Lubiniecki T, Mahler HC, Mangiagalli P, Nesta D, Perez-Ramirez B, Polozova A, Rossi M, Schmidt R, Simler R, Singh S, Spitznagel TM, Weiskopf A, Wuchner K. Subvisible (2-100 μm) Particle Analysis During Biotherapeutic Drug Product Development: Part 1, Considerations and Strategy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1899-1908. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Telikepalli S, Shinogle HE, Thapa PS, Kim JH, Deshpande M, Jawa V, Middaugh CR, Narhi LO, Joubert MK, Volkin DB. Physical characterization and in vitro biological impact of highly aggregated antibodies separated into size-enriched populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1575-91. [PMID: 25753756 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution was subjected to stirring, generating high concentrations of nanometer and subvisible particles, which were then successfully size-enriched into different size bins by low-speed centrifugation or a combination of gravitational sedimentation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The size-fractionated mAb particles were assessed for their ability to elicit the release of cytokines from a population of donor-derived human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at two phases of the immune response. Fractions enriched in nanometer-sized particles showed a lower response than those enriched in micron-sized particles in this assay. Particles of 5-10 μm in size displayed elevated cytokine release profiles compared with other size ranges. Stir-stressed mAb particles had amorphous morphology, contained protein with partially altered secondary structure, elevated surface hydrophobicity (compared with controls), and trace levels of elemental fluorine. FACS size-enriched the mAb particle samples, yet did not notably alter the overall morphology or composition of particles as measured by microflow imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The utility and limitations of FACS for size separation of mAb particles and potential of in vitro PBMC studies to rank-order the immunogenic potential of various types of mAb particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivalli Telikepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
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