Diffusion-Controlled Drug Release From the Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate Upsalite ®

Development of a simple paste for 3D printing of drug formulations containing a mesoporous material loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug

Poorly soluble drugs represent a substantial portion of emerging drug candidates, posing significant challenges for pharmaceutical formulators. One promising method to enhance the drug's dissolution rate and, consequently, bioavailability involves transforming them into an amorphous state within mesoporous materials. These materials can then be seamlessly integrated into personalized drug formulations using Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, most commonly via Fused Deposition Modeling. Another innovative approach within the realm of AM for mesoporous material-based formulations is semi-solid extrusion (SSE). This study showcases the feasibility of a straightforward yet groundbreaking hybrid 3D printing system employing SSE to incorporate drug-loaded mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) into two different drug formulations, each designed for distinct administration routes. MMC was loaded with the poorly water-soluble drug ibuprofen via a solvent evaporation method and mixed with PEG 400 as a binder and lubricant, facilitating subsequent SSE. The formulation is non-aqueous, unlike most pastes which are used for SSE, and thus is beneficial for the incorporation of poorly water-soluble drugs. The 3D printing process yielded tablets for oral administration and suppositories for rectal administration, which were then analyzed for their dissolution behavior in biorelevant media. These investigations revealed enhancements in the dissolution kinetics of the amorphous drug-loaded MMC formulations. Furthermore, an impressive drug loading of 15.3 % w/w of the total formulation was achieved, marking the highest reported loading for SSE formulations incorporating mesoporous materials to stabilize drugs in their amorphous state by a wide margin. This simple formulation containing PEG 400 also showed advantages over other aqueous formulations for SSE in that the formulations did not exhibit weight loss or changes in size or form during the curing process post-printing. These results underscore the substantial potential of this innovative hybrid 3D printing system for the development of drug dosage forms, particularly for improving the release profile of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Processability of mesoporous materials in fused deposition modeling for drug delivery of a model thermolabile drug

The incorporation of drug-loaded mesoporous materials in dosage forms prepared with fused deposition modeling (FDM) has shown the potential to solve challenges relating to additive manufacturing techniques, such as the stability of poorly-soluble drugs in the amorphous state. However, the addition of these non-melting mesoporous materials significantly affects the mechanical properties of the filament used in FDM, which in turn affects the printability of the feedstock material. Therefore, in this study a full-factorial experimental design was utilized to investigate different processing parameters of the hot melt extrusion process, their effect on various mechanical properties and the potential correlation with the filaments' printability. The thermolabile, poorly-soluble drug ibuprofen was utilized as a model drug to assess the potential of two mesoporous materials, Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate (MMC) and a silica-based material (MCM-41), to thermally protect the loaded drug. Factorial and principal components analysis displayed a correlation between non-printable MCM-41 filaments and their mechanical properties where printable filaments had a maximum stress >7.5 MPa and a Young's modulus >83 MPa. For MMC samples there was no clear correlation, which was in large part attributed to the filaments' inconsistencies and imperfections. Finally, both mesoporous materials displayed a thermal protective feature, as the decomposition due to the thermal degradation of a significant portion of the thermolabile drug was shifted to higher temperatures post-loading. This highlights the potential capability of such a system to be implemented for thermosensitive drugs in FDM applications.

Bioavailability of Celecoxib Formulated with Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate-An In Vivo Evaluation

An attractive approach to increase the aqueous apparent solubility of poorly soluble drugs is to formulate them in their amorphous state. In the present study, celecoxib, a poorly soluble drug, was successfully loaded into mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) in its amorphous state via a solvent evaporation method. Crystallization of celecoxib was suppressed, and no reaction with the carrier was detected. The MMC formulation was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in terms of oral bioavailability. Celebra®, a commercially available formulation, was used as a reference. The two celecoxib formulations were orally administrated in male rats (average of n = 6 animals per group), and blood samples for plasma were taken from all animals at different time points after administration. There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in AUCinf between the two formulations. The results showed that MMC may be a promising drug delivery excipient for increasing the bioavailability of compounds with solubility-limited absorption.

3D-Printed Mesoporous Carrier System for Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most extensively employed 3D-printing technique used in pharmaceutical applications, and offers fast and facile formulation development of personalized dosage forms. In the present study, mesoporous materials were incorporated into a thermoplastic filament produced via hot-melt extrusion and used to produce oral dosage forms via FDM. Mesoporous materials are known to be highly effective for the amorphization and stabilization of poorly soluble drugs, and were therefore studied in order to determine their ability to enhance the drug-release properties in 3D-printed tablets. Celecoxib was selected as the model poorly soluble drug, and was loaded into mesoporous silica (MCM-41) or mesoporous magnesium carbonate. In vitro drug release tests showed that the printed tablets produced up to 3.6 and 1.5 times higher drug concentrations, and up to 4.4 and 1.9 times higher release percentages, compared to the crystalline drug or the corresponding plain drug-loaded mesoporous materials, respectively. This novel approach utilizing drug-loaded mesoporous materials in a printed tablet via FDM shows great promise in achieving personalized oral dosage forms for poorly soluble drugs.

Slow and Sustained Release of Carbonate Ions from Amino Acids for Controlled Hydrothermal Growth of Alkaline-Earth Carbonate Single Crystals

Alkaline-earth metal carbonate materials have attracted wide interest because of their high value in many applications. Various sources of carbonate ions (CO₃ ^2-), such as CO₂ gas, alkaline-metal carbonate salts, and urea, have been reported for the synthesis of metal carbonate crystals, yet a slow and sustained CO₃ ^2- release approach for controlled crystal growth is much desired. In this paper, we demonstrate a new chemical approach toward slow and sustained CO₃ ^2- release for hydrothermal growth of large alkaline-earth metal carbonate single crystals. Such an approach is enabled by the multiple hydrolysis of a small basic amino acid (arginine, Arg). Namely, the amino groups of Arg hydrolyze to form OH^- ions, making the solution basic, and the hydrolysis of the guanidyl group of Arg is hydrothermally triggered to produce urea and ammonia, followed by the hydrolysis of urea to produce CO₂ and ammonia and then the release of CO₃ ^2- because of the reaction between CO₂ and the OH^- ions hydrolyzed from ammonia. Such a CO₃ ^2- release behavior enables the slow and controlled growth of various carbonate single crystals over a wide range of pH values. The growth of uniform rhombohedron MgCO₃ single crystals with variable morphologies and crystal sizes is studied in detail. The influences of reaction temperature, solution pH, precursor type, and concentration on the morphology and size of the resulting MgCO₃ crystals are elucidated. The crystal evolution mechanism is also proposed and discussed with various supportive data.

Combined Use of Polymers and Porous Materials to Enhance Cinnarizine Dissolution

Background: Loading of poorly water-soluble drugs on the porous materials has attracted great interest as an effective approach for enhancement of dissolution rate of drugs. The Aerosil (Ae) with porous structure is expected to facilitate the dissolution of drugs which is generally associated with precipitation. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was thus to develop a formulation which combines a precipitation inhibitor and a poorly soluble drug loaded Ae. Methods: A poorly water-soluble drug, Cinnarizine (CNZ) was used as a model, and Eudragit L100 (Eu) was used as a precipitation inhibitor. Formulations were produced by solvent evaporation and characterized by FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dissolution experiments were carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) under non-sink conditions. Results: DSC thermograms revealed that no crystalline structure of CNZ was present in CNZ-loaded Ae formulations and no long-range order was arranged upon loading of CNZ into Ae. In dissolution test, the CNZ-loaded Ae physically blended with Eu achieved a remarkedly higher CNZ concentration over the plain CNZ and over the CNZ-Eu co-loaded Ae. The dissolution rate of CNZ from the CNZ-loaded Ae was enhanced with increasing Ae amount and the dissolution was maximum when the ratio of CNZ: Ae was 1:10 CNZ: Ae. In addition, the precipitation inhibition was increased when the amount of Eu was high. Conclusion: The results of this work revealed that the dissolution behaviour of CNZ-loaded Ae is enhanced by physically blending of Eu as a suitable precipitation inhibitor.

A Facile Synthesis of Core-Shell SiO2@Cu-LBMS Nano-Microspheres for Drug Sustained Release Systems

A well-dispersed SiO₂@Layered hydroxide cupric benzoate (SiO₂@Cu-LBMS) with a hierarchical structure have been synthesized by a facile method. The layered hydroxide cupric benzoate with a structure of layered basic metal salt (Cu-LBMS) was directly deposited on the surface of silica spheres without any blinder. The morphology of the SiO₂@Cu-LBMS nano-microsphere was observed by SEM, and the reaction conditions was also discussed. In addition, the XRD patterns and FTIR spectra provide consistent evidence to the formation of SiO₂@Cu-LBMS nano-microspheres. The release behavior and drug loading capability of SiO₂@Cu-LBMS microspheres were also investigated by using ibuprofen, aspirin and salicylic acid as model drugs. The results indicated that the drug loading capability of SiO₂@Cu-LBMS nano-microspheres was much larger than layered hydroxide cupric benzoate, and the releasing time was significantly prolonged than layered hydroxide cupric benzoate and their physical mixture.

Mechanism of formation governs the mechanism of release of antibiotics from calcium phosphate nanopowders and cements in a drug-dependent manner

The kinetics of drug release from hydroxyapatite (HAp) cements could be tuned by controlling the kinetics of crystallization of their HAp precursor powders during synthesis. Here it is shown that this history of formation affects not only the kinetics, but also the mechanism of release. Cements composed of two HAp powders precipitated under different conditions, one (HAp2) taking twice longer to transform from the amorphous to the crystalline state than the other (HAp1), were mixed at different ratios to tune their drug release kinetics and tested for the release mechanism in conjunction with compositional and microstructural analyses. While the cement component converting to the amorphous phase during gelation (HAp2) exhibited a faster, but also more anomalous, non-Fickian mechanism of release of vancomycin, the cement component retaining its crystalline state all throughout gelation, setting and hardening (HAp1) stabilized at the ideal, Fickian diffusion case corresponding to the Korsmeyer-Peppas exponent value of 0.45 ± 0.02. This effect got reversed for the other antibiotic studied as a drug, ciprofloxacin, in which case HAp2 exhibited the ideal, Fickian diffusion with n = 0.45 ± 0.02 and the increase in the content of the cement component retaining its crystallinity during gelation, setting and hardening (HAp1) steadily shifted the mechanism of release to more anomalous, non-Fickian types. This has indicated that the molecular structure of the drug is an essential determinant of the mechanism of release and that the design of a carrier for a universally tunable release of drugs based on the passive transport is likely impossible. Preliminary assays involving the addition of chitosan or gelatin as polymeric components to HAp led to the inclusion of swelling and erosion as additional effects by which the drug escapes the carrier and shifted the release toward less diffusional and more multimodal mechanisms. With regard to the microstructural and compositional effects governing the release mechanism and kinetics, the retention of a finite concentration of slit-like pores of the amorphous precursor in HAp2 and its lower surface energy and lesser drug binding potential in the gelled, amorphous state, but also its possibly less stable and more diffusive particle surface and higher structural water content were elaborated as potential reasons explaining the distinct rates and mechanisms of release from the two HAp powders with different histories of formation.

Exploring the Use of Amine Modified Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate for the Delivery of Salicylic Acid in Topical Formulations: In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Drug Release Studies

Salicylic acid (SA) has for a long time been used to treat various skin disorders due to its anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, and antifungal properties. In the present work, mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC), a promising drug carrier, was modified with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane to enable loading of SA. The amine modified MMC (aMMC) was successfully loaded with 8 wt.% of SA via a solvent evaporation method. SA was later completely released from the carrier in less than 15 min. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the functionalized material was evaluated. aMMC was found to be non-toxic for human dermal fibroblast cells with particle concentration of up to 1000 µg/mL when exposed for 48 h. The presented results form the basis of future development of aMMC as a potential carrier for SA in dermatological applications.

Solidification to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of SEDDS: Opportunities and challenges

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) offer potential for overcoming the inherent slow dissolution and poor oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs by retaining them in a solubilised state during gastrointestinal transit. However, the promising biopharmaceutical benefits of liquid lipid formulations has not translated into widespread commercial success, due to their susceptibility to long term storage and in vivo precipitation issues. One strategy that has emerged to overcome such limitations, is to combine the solubilisation and dissolution enhancing properties of lipids with the stabilising effects of solid carrier materials. The development of intelligent hybrid drug formulations has presented new opportunities to harness the potential of emulsified lipids in optimising oral bioavailability for lipophilic therapeutics. Specific emphasis of this review is placed on the impact of solidification approaches and excipients on the biopharmaceutical performance of self-emulsifying lipids, with findings highlighting the key design considerations that should be implemented when developing hybrid lipid-based formulations.

Inorganic carbonate composites as potential high temperature CO2 sorbents with enhanced cycle stability

A calcium magnesium carbonate composite (CMC) material containing highly porous amorphous calcium carbonate (HPACC) and mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) was synthesized. CMCs with varying HPACC : MMC mol ratios and high BET surface area (over 490 m² g⁻¹) were produced. The CMCs retained the morphology shared by HPACC and MMC. All these materials were built up of aggregated nanometer-sized particles. We tested the CO₂ uptake properties of the synthesized materials. The CMCs were calcined at 850 °C to obtain the corresponding calcium magnesium oxide composites (CMOs) that contained CaO : MgO at different mol ratios. CMO with CaO : MgO = 3 : 1 (CMO-3) showed comparable CO₂ uptake at 650 °C (0.586 g g⁻¹) to CaO sorbents obtained from pure HPACC (0.658 g g⁻¹) and the commercial CaCO₃ (0.562 g g⁻¹). Over 23 adsorption–desorption cycles CMOs also showed a lower CO₂ uptake capacity loss (35.7%) than CaO from HPACC (51.3%) and commercial CaCO₃ (79.7%). Al was introduced to CMO by the addition of Al(NO₃)₃ in the synthesis of CMC-3 to give ACMO after calcination. The presence of ∼19 mol% of Al(NO₃)₃ in ACMO-4 significantly enhanced its stability over 23 cycles (capacity loss of 5.2%) when compared with CMO-3 (calcined CMC-3) without adversely affecting the CO₂ uptake. After 100 cycles, ACMO-4 still had a CO₂ uptake of 0.219 g g⁻¹. Scanning electron microscope images clearly showed that the presence of Mg and Al in CMO hindered the sintering of CaCO₃ at high temperatures and therefore, enhanced the cycle stability of the CMO sorbents. We tested the CO₂ uptake properties of CMO and ACMO only under ideal laboratory testing environment, but our results indicated that these materials can be further optimized as good CO₂ sorbents for various applications.

A Ca/Mg/Al oxide composite was synthesised and showed a high CO₂ uptake of 0.537 g g⁻¹ at 650 °C with high uptake even after 100 cycles.

A Modified In Situ Method to Determine Release from a Complex Drug Carrier in Particle-Rich Suspensions

Effective and compound-sparing methods to evaluate promising drug delivery systems are a prerequisite for successful selection of formulations in early development stages. The aim of the study was to develop a small-scale in situ method to determine drug release and supersaturation in highly concentrated suspensions of enabling formulations. Mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC), which delivers the drug in an amorphous form, was selected as a drug carrier. Five model compounds were loaded into the MMC at a 1:10 ratio using a solvent evaporation technique. The μDiss Profiler was used to study the drug release from MMC in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. To avoid extensive light scattering previously seen in particle-rich suspensions in the μDiss Profiler, an in-house-designed protective nylon filter was placed on the in situ UV probes. Three types of release experiments were conducted for each compound: micronized crystalline drug with MMC present, drug-loaded MMC, and drug-loaded MMC with 0.01% w/w hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The nylon filters effectively diminished interference with the UV absorption; however, the release profiles obtained were heavily compound dependent. For one of the compounds, changes in the UV spectra were detected during the release from the MMC, and these were consistent with degradation of the compound. To conclude, the addition of protective nylon filters to the probes of the μDiss Profiler is a useful contribution to the method, making evaluations of particle-rich suspensions feasible. The method is a valuable addition to the current ones, allowing for fast and effective evaluation of advanced drug delivery systems.

Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Constructed from Nanoparticle Aggregates with Unprecedented Surface Area and Mesoporosity

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), with the highest reported specific surface area of all current forms of calcium carbonate (over 350 m² g^-1), was synthesized using a surfactant-free, one-pot method. Electron microscopy, helium pycnometry, and nitrogen sorption analysis revealed that this highly mesoporous ACC, with a pore volume of ∼0.86 cm³ g^-1 and a pore-size distribution centered at 8-9 nm, is constructed from aggregated ACC nanoparticles with an estimated average diameter of 7.3 nm. The porous ACC remained amorphous and retained its high porosity for over 3 weeks under semi-air-tight storage conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction, large-angle X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and electron diffraction exposed that the porous ACC did not resemble any of the known CaCO₃ structures. The atomic order of porous ACC diminished at interatomic distances over 8 Å. Porous ACC was evaluated as a potential drug carrier of poorly soluble substances in vitro. Itraconazole and celecoxib remained stable in their amorphous forms within the pores of the material. Drug release rates were significantly enhanced for both drugs (up to 65 times the dissolution rates for the crystalline forms), and supersaturation release of celecoxib was also demonstrated. Citric acid was used to enhance the stability of the ACC nanoparticles within the aggregates, which increased the surface area of the material to over 600 m² g^-1. This porous ACC has potential for use in various applications where surface area is important, including adsorption, catalysis, medication, and bone regeneration.

Effects of amine modification of mesoporous magnesium carbonate on controlled drug release

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was used to modify the surface of mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC). The as-synthesized MMC had an average pore diameter of ∼5nm, but amine grafting occurred preferentially on the walls of the largest MMC pores. Analysis of ibuprofen (IBU) loading and release showed that IBU remained stable in the amorphous phase in all the MMC and modified MMC samples. The kinetics of IBU release from the modified MMC were assessed and used to evaluate the effects of the different functional groups. The release rate showed that the release of IBU could be controlled by adjusting the amine surface coverage of MMC and also by changing the surface groups. It was concluded that the interaction between the grafted functional groups in the modified MMC and the OH in the carboxyl groups of IBU was the most important factor for prolonging the release of the drug. These results are expected to lead to investigation of other as yet unexplored applications for MMC, including using it as a plastic additive and for gas separation.

Investigation of the Antibacterial Effect of Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate

Mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) was first presented in 2013, and this material is currently under consideration for use in a number of biotechnological applications including topical formulations. This study presents the first evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the material with mesoporous silica and two other magnesium-containing powder materials used as references. All powder materials in this study are sieved to achieve a particle size distribution between 25 and 75 μm. The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis is used as the model bacterium due to its prevalence on human skin, its likelihood of developing resistance to antibiotics, for example, from routine exposure to antibiotics secreted in sweat, and because it is found inside affected acne vulgaris pores. Quantification of bacterial viability using a metabolic activity assay with resazurin as the fluorescent indicator shows that MMC exerts a strong antibacterial effect on the bacteria and that alkalinity accounts for the major part of this effect. The results open up for further development of MMC in on-skin applications where bacterial growth inhibition without using antibiotics is deemed favorable.

Carriers for the tunable release of therapeutics: etymological classification and examples

Introduction Physiological processes at the molecular level take place at precise spatiotemporal scales, which vary from tissue to tissue and from one patient to another, implying the need for carriers that enable tunable release of therapeutics. Areas covered Classification of all drug release to intrinsic and extrinsic is proposed, followed by the etymological clarification of the term 'tunable' and its distinction from the term 'tailorable'. Tunability is defined as analogous to tuning a guitar string or a radio receiver to the right frequency using a single knob. It implies changing a structural parameter along a continuous quantitative scale and correlating it numerically with the release kinetics. Examples of tunable, tailorable and environmentally responsive carriers are given, along with the parameters used to achieve these levels of control. Expert opinion Interdependence of multiple variables defining the carrier microstructure obstructs the attempts to elucidate parameters that allow for the independent tuning of release kinetics. Learning from the tunability of nanostructured materials and superstructured metamaterials can be a fruitful source of inspiration in the quest for the new generation of tunable release carriers. The greater intersection of traditional materials sciences and pharmacokinetic perspectives could foster the development of more sophisticated mechanisms for tunable release.

Self-Setting Calcium Phosphate Cements with Tunable Antibiotic Release Rates for Advanced Antimicrobial Applications

Osteomyelitis, an infectious disease predominantly tied to poor sanitary conditions in underdeveloped regions of the world, is in need of inexpensive, easily in situ synthesizable and administrable materials for its treatment. The results of this study stem from the attempt to create one such affordable and minimally invasive therapeutic platform in the form of a self-setting, injectable cement with a tunable drug release profile, composed of only nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite, the synthetic version of the bone mineral. Cements comprised two separately synthesized hydroxyapatite powders, one of which, HAP2, was precipitated abruptly, retaining the amorphous nature longer, and the other one of which, HAP1, was precipitated at a slower rate, more rapidly transitioning to the crystalline structure. Cements were made with four different weight ratios of the two hydroxyapatite components: 100/0, 85/15, 50/50, and 0/100 with respect to HAP1 and HAP2. Both the setting and the release rates measured on two different antibiotics, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, were controlled using the weight ratio of the two hydroxyapatite components. Various inorganic powder properties were formerly used to control drug release, but here we demonstrate for the first time that the kinetics of the mechanism of formation of a solid compound can be controlled to produce tunable drug release profiles. Specifically, it was found that the longer the precursor calcium phosphate component of the cement retains the amorphous nature of the primary precipitate, the more active it was in terms of speeding up the diffusional release of the adsorbed drug. The setting rate was, in contrast, inversely proportional to the release rate and to the content of this active hydroxyapatite component, HAP2. The empirical release profiles were fitted to a set of equations that could be used to tune the release rate to the therapeutic occasion. All of the cements loaded with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin inhibited the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both agar diffusion assays and broth dilution tests with intensities either comparable to the antibiotic per se, as in the case of ciprofloxacin, or even larger than the antibiotic alone, as in the case of vancomycin. Interestingly, even the pure cements exhibited an antibacterial effect ranging from moderate to strong, while demonstrating high levels of biocompatibility with osteoclastic RAW264.7 cells and only slightly affecting the viability of the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, in direct proportion with the amount of the more active hydroxyapatite component in the cements. This antibacterial effect was especially noticeable against Gram-negative bacteria, where the growth inhibition by the cements was comparable to or even stronger than that of the pure antibiotics. The antibiofilm assay against P. aeruginosa biofilms reiterated the antibiotic effectiveness of pure, antibiotic-free cements. That the carrier per se, composed of a nontoxic, easily prepared, bone mineral composite, can exhibit a strong antibacterial effect even in the absence of an antibiotic drug is an insight highly relevant in view of the rising resistance of an array of pathogens to traditional antibiotic therapies and the demands for the timely development of suitable alternatives.

Study of mesoporous magnesium carbonate in contact with whole human blood

The novel mesoporous magnesium carbonate Upsalite showed anticoagulant properties when incubated with whole blood, an effect most probably due to Ca²⁺uptake.

Nanostructure and pore size control of template-free synthesised mesoporous magnesium carbonate

The structure of mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) first presented in 2013 is investigated using a bottom-up approach.

Novel Nanostructured Solid Materials for Modulating Oral Drug Delivery from Solid-State Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) have gained significant attention in recent times, owing to their ability to overcome the challenges limiting the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Despite the successful commercialization of several LBDDS products over the years, a large discrepancy exists between the number of poorly water-soluble drugs displaying suboptimal in vivo performances and the application of LBDDS to mitigate their various delivery challenges. Conventional LBDDS, including lipid solutions and suspensions, emulsions, and self-emulsifying formulations, suffer from various drawbacks limiting their widespread use and commercialization. Accordingly, solid-state LBDDS, fabricated by adsorbing LBDDS onto a chemically inert solid carrier material, have attracted substantial interest as a viable means of stabilizing LBDDS whilst eliminating some of the various limitations. This review describes the impact of solid carrier choice on LBDDS performance and highlights the importance of appropriate solid carrier material selection when designing hybrid solid-state LBDDS. Specifically, emphasis is placed on discussing the ability of the specific solid carrier to modulate drug release, control lipase action and lipid digestion, and enhance biopharmaceutical performance above the original liquid-state LBDDS. To encourage the interested reader to consider their solid carrier choice on a higher level, various novel materials with the potential for future use as solid carriers for LBDDS are described. This review is highly significant in guiding future research directions in the solid-state LBDDS field and fostering the translation of these delivery systems to the pharmaceutical marketplace.