Quantitation of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and their aglycones by ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Conjugates of Monomethoxy-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) End-Capped with Doxorubicin via Ester, Amide, or Schiffs Base Bond

Doxorubicin (adriamycin; ADR) which is one of the most clinically used antitumor agent, has undesirable side-effects. To reduce these side-effects, a macromolecular prodrug of ADR exhibiting high antitumor activity, the conjugate of PEG end-capped with ADR was developed. Tb effect intracellular release of ADR from the conjugate, ester, amide and Schiffs base bonds were employed as modes of bonding ADR to PEG. The MeO-PEG/Schiffs base/ADR conjugate readily released ADR under the lysosomal acidic conditions in vitro and very slowly ADR under physiological conditions. Moreover, the MeO-PEG/Schiffs base/ADR conjugate showed strong cytotoxic activity similar to free ADR against p388D1 lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Fluorescence measurements suggest that the conjugate forms self-aggregates in aqueous solution.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the anticancer drug oxantrazole in rat whole blood and tissues

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the antitumor anthrapyrazole analogue, oxantrazole (OX), in rat whole blood and tissues. Blood samples were mixed with equal volumes of a 25% (w/v) aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid, whereas tissue samples were homogenized with 1.5-3 volumes of an L-ascorbic acid-methanol-water (1:10:1, w/v/v) mixture to prevent oxidative degradation of OX. Samples were then treated with 60% (v/v) perchloric acid (25-30 microliters/ml of stabilized sample) to precipitate proteins, and centrifuged, with the resultant supernatants analyzed on HPLC utilizing a C8 column. The mobile phase for blood and urine samples consisted of 8% (v/v) glacial acetic acid, 13% (v/v) acetonitrile, 79% (v/v) water, 0.16% (w/v) sodium acetate, and 0.05% (w/v) L-ascorbic acid (final pH 2.7), and was pumped at 1.8 ml/min. Tissue samples were eluted at 2 ml/min with a mobile phase consisting of 8% (v/v) glacial acetic acid, 12% (v/v) acetonitrile, 80% (v/v) water, 0.16% (w/v) sodium acetate, and 0.0;5% (w/v) L-ascorbic acid. OX and internal standard were detected at 514 nm and had retention times of 2.3 and 3.1 min, respectively. The limit of quantitation of OX was 25-50 ng/g. Recovery of OX from biological samples ranged from 50 +/- 0.9% in spleen to 102.8 +/- 1.8% in RG-2 glioma. The analytical method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of adriamycin and adriamycinol in rat serum and tissues

An ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of adriamycin and adriamycinol concentrations in rat serum and tissues. The scheme for developing the chromatographic conditions is discussed. A good separation of adriamycinol and adriamycin was obtained by using a high sodium lauryl sulphate concentration in the mobile phase. The retention times of adriamycinol, adriamycin and daunomycin (internal standard) were less than 3 min with no interfering peaks from endogenous constituents. A protein precipitation method was used to prepare the serum and tissue samples for injection.

Drug level monitoring: cytostatics

The present review on the quantification of cytostatic drugs has mainly been focussed on chromatographic techniques. Special attention has been paid to the precautions that have to be taken into account to ensure the selectivity and accuracy of the various methods. The various cytostatics that have been dealt with are: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, vinca alkaloids, antibiotics, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, podophyllotoxine derivatives, and nitrosoureas.

Determination of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7-deoxyaglycones in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for the measurement of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7-deoxyaglycones in human serum. The lower limit of detection in serum is 3 ng/ml for adriamycin and 1 ng/ml for adriamycinol and the 7-deoxyaglycones with coefficients of variation for k' of less than 5% throughout the day. An extraction technique for serum is described which is capable of an almost equal recovery (greater than 77%) of adriamycin, metabolites and daunorubicin (the internal standard) without interference from endogenous components of serum. Serum concentrations of metabolites 15 min after intravenous bolus administration of 40 mg/m2 adriamycin in two different patients were 26.5 and 16.6 ng/ml for adriamycinol; 109.8 and 5.8 ng/ml for the adriamycinol 7-deoxyaglycone and 21.4 and 17.1 ng/ml for the adriamycin 7-deoxyaglycone. A total of six metabolites of adriamycin were detected in the two patients using this methodology.