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Leal J, Santos L, Fernández-Aroca DM, Cuevas JV, Martínez MA, Massaguer A, Jalón FA, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Sánchez-Prieto R, Rodríguez AM, Castañeda G, Durá G, Carrión MC, Barrabés S, Manzano BR. Effect of the aniline fragment in Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes as anti-proliferative agents. Standard reduction potential as a more reliable parameter for Pt(IV) compounds than peak reduction potential. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111403. [PMID: 33730639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problems of resistance and side effects associated with cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs have boosted research aimed at finding new compounds with improved properties. The use of platinum(IV) prodrugs is one alternative, although there is some controversy regarding the predictive ability of the peak reduction potentials. In the work described here a series of fourteen chloride Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds was synthesised and fully characterised. The compounds contain different bidentate arylazole heterocyclic ligands. Their cytotoxic properties against human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast carcinoma (MCF7) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116 and HT29) cell lines were studied. A clear relationship between the type of ligand and the anti-proliferative properties was found, with the best results obtained for the Pt(II) compound that contains an aniline fragment, (13), thus evidencing a positive effect of the NH2 group. Stability and aquation studies in DMSO, DMF and DMSO/water mixtures were carried out on the active complexes and an in-depth analysis of the two aquation processes, including DFT analysis, of 13 was undertaken. It was verified that DNA was the target and that cell death occurred by apoptosis in the case of 13. Furthermore, the cytotoxic derivatives did not exhibit haemolytic activity. The reduction of the Pt(IV) compounds whose Pt(II) congeners were active was studied by several techniques. It was concluded that the peak reduction potential was not useful to predict the ability for reduction. However, a correlation between the cytotoxic activity and the standard reduction potential was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Leal
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucia Santos
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Diego M Fernández-Aroca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Vicente Cuevas
- Universidad de Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - M Angeles Martínez
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Felix A Jalón
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas De Madrid Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carrión
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Köckerbauer R, Bednarski PJ. Unusual reactivity of cisplatin analogs that bear o-phenylenediamine ligands: insights for the design of more effective cytotoxic agents. J Inorg Biochem 1996; 62:281-98. [PMID: 8676105 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(95)00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The stabilities of dichloro(o-phenylenediamine)platinum(II) (1) and several 4,5-disubstituted analogs [i.e., with: Cl (2), Br (3), Me (4), or MeO (5)] were investigated under various aqueous conditions. The Pt complexes 1-5- decomposed by reactions which were independent of the amount of chloride in the medium. The poor aqueous stabilities of 1-5 were attributed to two factors: 1) The compounds underwent facile oxidation reactions in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, resulting in the formation of intensely colored Pt-species as well as H2O2. Compounds 2 and 3 oxidized considerably faster than 1, 4, and 5. Based on the redox behavior and UV-Vis spectra of the decomposition products, it is proposed that they are o-benzoquinonediimine Pt complexes. 2) Compound 4 underwent an unusually rapid substitution reaction with L-methionine, a component of the culture medium, whereby both of the chloro ligands of platinum were replaced by an N,S-chelated methionine. At an L-methionine concentration of 0.5 mM, the reaction ran to completion within 1 min. Thus, the weak growth inhibitory activities of 1-5 on human cancer cells in vitro was likely a result of their poor chemical stability in the culture medium. Based on a knowledge of the decomposition pathways, analogs were designed to be resistant to these types of reactions. Dichloro(o-aminomethylaniline)platinum(II) (6) and [bis-1,2(aminomethyl)benzene]-di-chloroplatinum(II) (7) were synthesized and their aqueous stabilities investigated. Both 6 and 7 were considerably more stable than 1-5 under aqueous conditions, as well as being more effective in inhibiting the growth of human cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Köckerbauer
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Chemie II, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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