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Metabolic Study of Cucumber Seeds and Seedlings in the Light of the New, Controversial Trend of Preventive Use of Systemic Fungicides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065554. [PMID: 36982626 PMCID: PMC10057123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber is one of the most commonly produced vegetable crops. The greatest economic losses in the yields of these crops have resulted from fungal infections—powdery mildew and downy mildew. The action of fungicides not only affects the fungi, but can also lead to metabolic disorders in plants. However, some fungicides have been reported to have positive physiological effects. Our research focused on the action of two commercially available fungicides, Scorpion 325 SC and Magnicur Finito 687,5 SC, on plant metabolism. Two approaches were used to check the effect of the fungicides at the early stage of plant development when metabolic changes occur most dynamically: spraying on the leaves of cucumber seedlings and presowing seed treatment. The application of the fungicide formulation as a presowing seed treatment caused perturbations in the phytase activity, leading to disorders in the energetic status of the germinating seeds. In addition, the tested preparations changed the morphology of the germinating seeds, limiting the growth of the stem. Furthermore, the application of the tested fungicides on seedlings also showed a disruption in the energetic status and in the antioxidative system. Therefore, the use of pesticides as agents causes a “green effect” and requires a much deeper understanding of plant metabolism.
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de Oliveira AN, Bolognini SRF, Navarro LC, Delafiori J, Sales GM, de Oliveira DN, Catharino RR. Tomato classification using mass spectrometry-machine learning technique: A food safety-enhancing platform. Food Chem 2023; 398:133870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Keerthana M, Perumal K. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at different growth stages of pacific white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): First report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136459. [PMID: 36150495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues (PRs) in farmed shrimps are concerning food safety risks. Globally, India is a major exporter of pacific white leg shrimp (P. vannamei). This study was undertaken to analyze PRs in the water, sediments, shrimps, and feed at different growth stages to evaluate the ecotoxicological and human health risks. PRs in the seawater and sediments ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.027 μg/L and 0.006-12.39 μg/kg, and the concentrations were within the maximum residual limits (MRLs) and sediment quality guidelines prescribed by the World Health Organization and Canadian Environment Guidelines, respectively. PRs in shrimps at three growth stages viz. Postlarvae, juvenile, and adults, ranged from ND to 0.522 μg/kg, below the MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Commission. Most of the PRs in water, sediments, and shrimps did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) from days of culture (DOC-01) to DOC-90. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard ratio (HR) were found to be < 1, indicating that consumption of shrimps has no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. PRs in shrimp feed ranged from ND to 0.777 μg/kg and were found to be below the MRLs set by EC, which confirms that the feed fed is safe for aquaculture practices and does not biomagnify in animals. The risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) ranged from insignificant level (ISL) to 0.509 and ISL to 0.022, indicating that PRs do not pose acute and chronic ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The study suggested no health risk due to PRs in shrimps cultured in India and exported to the USA, China, and Japan. However, regular monitoring of PRs is recommended to maintain a sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruganantham Keerthana
- Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Department of Fisheries (AD Office), Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Liu J, Xu X, Wu A, Wang Z, Song S, Kuang H, Liu L, Xu C. Preparing monoclonal antibodies and developing immunochromatographic assay strips for the determination of propamocarb levels. Food Chem 2022; 370:131284. [PMID: 34788953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Propamocarb is a carbamate fungicide used to control Phytophthora disease. Frequent and large-scale use of propamocarb means that it poses a potential threat to the health of consumers. Monoclonal antibodies against propamocarb were prepared using a hapten of propamocarb that was generated by introducing a benzene ring and a carboxyl group into the structure of propamocarb. A lateral flow immunoassay strip was developed for the detection of propamocarb in tomato and cucumber samples using the gold nanoparticle-labeled antibody. The immunoassay strip was found to provide a visible limit of detection was 5 ng/g and the cut-off value was 250 ng/g for propamocarb in food samples. For quantitative analysis, the calculated limits of detection (LODs) of the immunoassay strip were 1.43 ng/g and 0.44 ng/g in cucumber and tomato, respectively. Using the immunoassay strip, the average recoveries ranged from 95.5 ± 5.4% to 108.8 ± 6.8%, with CVs of 3.1-6.2% for the cucumber, and the average recoveries were 95.1 ± 6.5%-111.9 ± 4.2%, with CVs ranging from 3.7% to 6.8% for tomato samples. All the results demonstrated that the immunoassay strip was suitable for the detection of propamocarb in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyou Wang
- Standards & Quality Center of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Xicheng District, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Mi S, Ji L, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yang F, Yao W, Xie Y. Zero-Background Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Cymoxanil Based on the Change of the Cyano Group after Ultraviolet Irradiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:520-527. [PMID: 33356226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A zero-background method based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was developed for the rapid determination of cymoxanil residue in food. Because of the influence of complex matrices, conventional Raman spectroscopy has multiple peaks that overlap with those of target molecules, which makes qualitative and quantitative detection difficult. However, the cyano group (C≡N) of cymoxanil after ultraviolet irradiation has a special characteristic peak in the Raman-silent region (1800-2800 cm-1), which eliminates the possible background interference. The intensity of the characteristic peak at 2130 cm-1 exhibited a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9907) with the concentration of cymoxanil in the range of 1.0-50.0 mg/L, whose limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. The novel method was also applied to the detection of cymoxanil residue in real samples such as cucumber and grape, and the results were in good agreement with those from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This revealed that the SERS method has great potential in the detection of cymoxanil in fruits and vegetables. Moreover, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was adopted to identify the photoproducts of cymoxanil. The photolysis mechanism was explored by SERS and the UPLC-QTOF/MS technique, which provided basic information on photodegradation of cymoxanil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Lijun Ji
- Suzhou Institute of Production Quality Supervision and Inspection, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215128, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Fangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
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Vargas-Pérez M, Egea González FJ, Garrido Frenich A. Dissipation and residue determination of fluopyram and its metabolites in greenhouse crops. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4826-4833. [PMID: 32500528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluopyram is a pesticide widely used in tomato and cucumber crops cultivation to control fungal diseases that develop especially in environments with moderate temperatures and high humidity, such as in a greenhouse. The pathway of fluopyram dissipation has been monitored in cucumber and cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS In the greenhouse trials, cherry tomato and cucumber were treated by irrigation water with the commercial product at the manufacturer's recommended dose and double dose. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has been selected as the technique to obtain the identification of fluopyram and metabolites. The fate of fluopyram in greenhouse tomato and cucumber was investigated over 44 days. The metabolic pathway of fluopyram was: in a first step there was a primary transformation to fluopyram-7-hydroxy and fluopyram-8-hydroxy, isomeric compounds, and in a second phase to fluopyram-benzamide and fluopyram-pyridyl-carboxylic acid. The behavior of fluopyram does not fit any type of kinetic classical model of degradation. CONCLUSIONS Greenhouse trials revealed that the fluopyram is a very persistent compound, and their terminal residues do not exceed maximum residue level (MRL) at the end of the study. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vargas-Pérez
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Egea González
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
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