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Booth M, Fu M, Peterson DG. Consumer acceptance and sensory perception of roasted American-European hybrid hazelnuts. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4440-4449. [PMID: 38875322 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific American-European hazelnut (Corylus americana × C. avellana) hybrids are being developed for the Upper Midwest region of the United States, which have potential economic and ecological benefits. Currently, researchers are working on pre-commercialization initiatives to create a local hazelnut industry. However, a lack of knowledge on the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of the hybrid hazelnuts have been identified as potential limitations to production. This study investigated consumer responses to hybrid hazelnuts, employing hedonic ratings and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions. Twelve roasted hazelnut hybrids were subjected to consumer evaluation for liking (aroma, color, flavor, texture, and overall) and aroma and flavor descriptors. Consumers also evaluated two European hazelnut varieties for comparative purposes. Liking scores were significantly different (p < 0.05) across different hybrid varieties and when comparing specific hybrids with European varieties. CATA sensory profiles specific to different varieties were also observed and discriminating attributes were identified using multiple-response methodologies. Penalty analysis based on CATA further identified the attributes roasty, hazelnut-like, caramel-like, chocolate-like, sweet, and salty as primary drivers of aroma/flavor liking, while earthy, burnt, and bitter were identified as primary drivers of disliking. Overall, unique flavors that impacted liking were found in hybrid hazelnuts and, when compared with European hazelnuts, provided insights for breeding and post-processing strategies to optimize product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Booth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mengying Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Devin G Peterson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Waqas M, Guarnaccia V, Bardella S, Spadaro D. Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Diaporthe Species Causing Nut Rot of Hazelnut in Italy. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1005-1013. [PMID: 37883635 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0168-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), a nut crop that is rapidly expanding worldwide, is endangered by a rot. Nut rot results in hazelnut defects. A survey was conducted in northwestern Italy during 2020 and 2021 to identify the causal agents of hazelnut rots. Typical symptoms of black rot, mold, and necrotic spots were observed on hazelnuts. The prevalent fungi isolated from symptomatic hazelnut kernels were Diaporthe spp. (38%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (26%), Diplodia seriata (14%), and other fungal genera with less frequent occurrences. Among 161 isolated Diaporthe spp., 40 were selected for further analysis. Based on morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, tef-1α, and tub2, seven Diaporthe species were identified as D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. novem, D. oncostoma, D. ravennica, D. rudis, and D. sojae. D. eres was the main species isolated from hazelnut rots, in particular from moldy nuts. The pathogenicity test performed on hazelnuts 'Tonda Gentile del Piemonte' using a mycelium plug showed that all the Diaporthe isolates were pathogenic on their original host. To our knowledge, this work is the first report of D. novem, D. oncostoma, and D. ravennica on hazelnuts worldwide. D. foeniculina, D. rudis, and D. sojae were reported for the first time as agents of hazelnut rot in Italy. Future studies should focus on the comprehension of epidemiology and climatic conditions favoring the development of Diaporthe spp. on hazelnut. Prevention and control measures should target D. eres, representing the main causal agents responsible for defects and nut rot of hazelnuts in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - S Bardella
- Fondazione Agrion - Via Falicetto, 24 12030, Manta, CN, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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3
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Talebi S, Khodagholi F, Bahaeddin Z, Ansari Dezfouli M, Zeinaddini-Meymand A, Berchi Kankam S, Foolad F, Alijaniha F, Fayazi Piranghar F. Does hazelnut consumption affect brain health and function against neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38151890 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A healthy daily diet and consuming certain nutrients, such as polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids, may help neuronal health maintenance. Polyphenolic chemicals, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are involved in the neuroprotective pathway. Because of their nutritional value, nuts have been shown in recent research to be helpful in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE Hazelnut is often consumed worldwide in various items, including processed foods, particularly in bakery, chocolate, and confectionery products. This nut is an excellent source of vitamins, amino acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, polyphenols, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. Consuming hazelnut may attenuate the risk of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. RESULTS Many documents introduce hazelnut as an excellent choice to provide neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders and there is some direct proof of its neuroprotective effects. DISCUSSION So hazelnut consumption in daily diet may reduce neurodegenerative disease risk and be advantageous in reducing the imposed costs of dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Talebi
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahaeddin
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Forough Foolad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alijaniha
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Ferrucci A, Lupo M, Turco S, Pavese V, Marinoni DT, Botta R, Cristofori V, Mazzaglia A, Silvestri C. A roadmap of tissue culture and biotechnology in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108167. [PMID: 37977029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivation registered in the last years has led to a significant increase in worldwide hazelnut growing areas, also involving regions characterized by a marginal presence of hazelnut orchards. Despite this increasement, world production still relies on the cultivation of few varieties, most of which are particularly suitable to the environment where they have been selected. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new cultivars with high environmental plasticity capable of providing constant and high-quality productions in the new environments and under the climatic change conditions of traditional growing areas. Over the years, many molecular markers for genetic breeding programs have been developed and omics sciences also provided further information about the genetics of this species. These data could be of support to the application of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), which would allow the development of cultivars with the desired characteristics in a shorter time than traditional techniques. However, the application of these methodologies is subordinated to the development of effective regeneration protocols which, to date, have been set up exclusively for seed-derived explants. A further aspect to be exploited is represented by the possibility of cultivating hazelnut cells and tissues in vitro to produce secondary metabolites of therapeutic interest. This review aims to consolidate the state of the art on biotechnologies and in vitro culture techniques applied on this species, also describing the various studies that over time allowed the identification of genomic regions that control traits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Michela Lupo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Turco
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vera Pavese
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Torello Marinoni
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo Mazzaglia
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Pierdomenico M, Bacchetta L, Benassi B. The ethanolic extract of Corylus avellana L. drives a microRNA-based cytotoxic effect on HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38013231 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2287170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Corylus avellana L. hazelnut was characterised by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. We here evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic response to such extract in HepG2 cells and tried to depict the underlying mechanism(s) in terms of microRNA-34b/c involvement. Following long-term exposure (144h) of HepG2 cells with 0.04-0.4 mg/ml of hazelnut extract, we demonstrated that miR-34 precursor RNA and both mature miR-34b and miR-34c molecules underwent a significant stimulation (>2-fold change, p < 0.05) in cells treated with the highest concentration. The epigenetic modulation was accompanied by the inhibition of cell proliferation, the decrease of viability and activation of apoptosis at 144h of treatment with 0.4 mg/ml of hazelnut.These in vitro findings demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of the C. avellana extract in HepG2 cells and open the way to in vivo validation of possible application of hazelnut-based extracts, and/or its metabolites, as promising epigenetics drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pierdomenico
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Bacchetta
- Division of Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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Benassi B, Bacchetta L, Maccioni O, Pacchierotti F. Epigenetic-based antioxidant effect of an ethanolic extract of Corylus avellana L. on THLE-2 human primary hepatocytes. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4162-4168. [PMID: 36735396 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2174537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of Corylus avellana L hazelnut, prepared in our laboratories, has been previously characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. We here aimed at testing the antioxidant effect of such extract in H2O2-challenged THLE-2 human primary hepatocytes and verified whether it might be based on microRNA-34b/c expression changes. We here demonstrate that miR-34b/miR-34c undergo significant stimulation (≥2-fold change, p < 0.05) in THLE-2 when treated for 72h with not-toxic hazelnut concentrations (0.04-0.4 mg/ml), when compared with 0.06% ethanol control. When administered with H2O2 (1000-2000 µM, 24h), THLE-2 are significantly protected from oxidative stress if pre-treated with hazelnut, the H2O2-driven cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation being recovered by hazelnut extract, through miR-34b/c stimulation. Although preliminary, our findings pave the way for further preclinical studies aimed at validating the possible health-related application of hazelnut matrix, and/or its metabolites, as powerful epigenetic-based drugs, food supplements or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Bacchetta
- Division of Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliviero Maccioni
- Division of Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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Loesel H, Shakiba N, Wenck S, Le Tan P, Karstens TO, Creydt M, Seifert S, Hackl T, Fischer M. Food Monitoring: Limitations of Accelerated Storage to Predict Molecular Changes in Hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana L.) under Realistic Conditions Using UPLC-ESI-IM-QTOF-MS. Metabolites 2023; 13:1031. [PMID: 37887356 PMCID: PMC10608644 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated storage is routinely used with pharmaceuticals to predict stability and degradation patterns over time. The aim of this is to assess the shelf life and quality under harsher conditions, providing crucial insights into their long-term stability and potential storage issues. This study explores the potential of transferring this approach to food matrices for shelf-life estimation. Therefore, hazelnuts were stored under accelerated short-term and realistic long-term conditions. Subsequently, they were analyzed with high resolution mass spectrometry, focusing on the lipid profile. LC-MS analysis has shown that many unique processes take place under accelerated conditions that do not occur or occur much more slowly under realistic conditions. This mainly involved the degradation of membrane lipids such as phospholipids, ceramides, and digalactosyldiacylglycerides, while oxidation processes occurred at different rates in both conditions. It can be concluded that a food matrix is far too complex and heterogeneous compared to pharmaceuticals, so that many more processes take place during accelerated storage, which is why the results cannot be used to predict molecular changes in hazelnuts stored under realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Loesel
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Navid Shakiba
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soeren Wenck
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Phat Le Tan
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Tim-Oliver Karstens
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (N.S.); (S.W.); (P.L.T.); (T.-O.K.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (T.H.)
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Gennari F, Pagano M, Toncelli A, Lisanti MT, Paoletti R, Roversi PF, Tredicucci A, Giaccone M. Terahertz imaging for non-invasive classification of healthy and cimiciato-infected hazelnuts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19891. [PMID: 37809509 PMCID: PMC10559270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new non-invasive approaches able to recognize defective food is currently a lively field of research. In particular, a simple and non-destructive method able to recognize defective hazelnuts, such as cimiciato-infected ones, in real-time is still missing. This study has been designed to detect the presence of such damaged hazelnuts. To this aim, a measurement setup based on terahertz (THz) radiation has been developed. Images of a sample of 150 hazelnuts have been acquired in the low THz range by a compact and portable active imaging system equipped with a 0.14 THz source and identified as Healthy Hazelnuts (HH) or Cimiciato Hazelnut (CH) after visual inspection. All images have been analyzed to find the average transmission of the THz radiation within the sample area. The differences in the distribution of the two populations have been used to set up a classification scheme aimed at the discrimination between healthy and injured samples. The performance of the classification scheme has been assessed through the use of the confusion matrix on 50 samples. The False Positive Rate (FPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) are 0% and 100%, respectively. On the other hand, the True Positive Rate (TPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR) are 75% and 25%, respectively. These results are relevant from the perspective of the development of a simple, automatic, real-time method for the discrimination of cimiciato-infected hazelnuts in the processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Gennari
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Pagano
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toncelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze – CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Lisanti
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze della Vigna e del Vino, viale Italia 60, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Paoletti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Sezione di Fisica, Università di Siena, via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- CREA, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tredicucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze – CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Giaccone
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems, National Research Council, 80055 P.le Enrico, Fermi 1 - Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
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Pannico A, Modarelli GC, Stazi SR, Giaccone M, Romano R, Rouphael Y, Cirillo C. Foliar Nutrition Influences Yield, Nut Quality and Kernel Composition in Hazelnut cv Mortarella. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112219. [PMID: 37299198 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In hazelnut, foliar nutrition is utilized globally to integrate microelement deficiencies and optimize their assimilation and effects on yield performances. Nevertheless, nut quality and kernel composition can be positively affected by foliar nutrition. Recently, several studies pointed out the need for increasing the sustainability of orchard nutrition by proposing the management of not only micronutrients, but also main components, such as nitrogen, through foliar spraying. In our study, different foliar fertilizers were used to understand the effectiveness of supporting hazelnut productivity and nut and kernel quality. Water was used as a control. Foliar fertilizations affected tree annual vegetative growth, improved kernel weight and decreased the incidence of blanks compared to the control. Differences in fat, protein, and carbohydrate concentration were also found among treatments, with increased fat concentrations and total polyphenols content in fertilized treatments. Foliar fertilization improved the oil composition of the kernels, though fatty acid composition responded differently to nutrients spray. Oleic acid concentration was promoted, while palmitic acid concentration was reduced in fertilized plants compared to control trees. Furthermore, CD and B trees were characterized by an increase in the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids compared to untreated trees. Finally, foliar spraying improved lipid stability compared to the control due to higher total polyphenol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rita Stazi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Giaccone
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, ISAFOM, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Shakiba N, Lösel H, Wenck S, Kumpmann L, Bachmann R, Creydt M, Seifert S, Fischer M, Hackl T. Analysis of Hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana L.) Stored for Extended Periods by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Monitoring Storage-Induced Changes in the Polar and Nonpolar Metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3093-3101. [PMID: 36720100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Storage is a critical step in the post-harvest processing of hazelnuts, as it can lead to mold, rancidity, and off-flavor. However, there is a lack of analytical methods to detect improper or extended storage. To comprehensively investigate the effects of hazelnut storage, samples were stored under five different conditions for up to 18 months. Subsequently, the polar and nonpolar metabolome were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometric approaches for classification as well as variable selection. Increases in hexanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acid, all products of lipid oxidation and responsible for quality defects, were found across all conditions. Furthermore, the concentration of free long-chain fatty acids increased in samples stored at high temperatures. Harsh short-term storage resulted in an increase in fumaric and lactic acid, glucose, fructose, and choline and a decrease in acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shakiba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soeren Wenck
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Kumpmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Bachmann
- Landeslabor Schleswig-Holstein, Max-Eyth-Straße 5, 24537 Neumünster, Germany
| | - Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Ortega-Gavilán F, Squara S, Cordero C, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Bagur-González MG. Application of chemometric tools combined with instrument-agnostic GC-fingerprinting for hazelnut quality assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Manterola-Barroso C, Godoy K, Alarcón D, Padilla D, Meriño-Gergichevich C. Antioxidants in Shell and Nut Yield Components after Ca, Mg and K Preharvest Spraying on Hazelnut Plantations in Southern Chile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3536. [PMID: 36559648 PMCID: PMC9784436 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of pre-harvest calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) spraying on the antioxidant activity and capacity of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells, as an approach to sustain the utilization of the main residue derived from this industry, four commercial hazelnut (Tonda di Giffoni) orchards located in Southern Chile (Cunco, Gorbea, Perquenco and Radal), during the 2018/19 season were sprayed three times with five combinations of Ca (300 and 600 mg L-1), Mg (300 and 600 mg L-1) and K (300 and 600 mg L-1). Yield components were determined in harvested whole nuts, whereas Ca, Mg and K concentrations, as well as total phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging antioxidant activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, were determined in shells. All spray treatments with both Ca, Mg and K combinations showed a significant interaction between locality and treatment (L × T) on increased stabilized nut yield (kg ha-1) in comparison with the control treatments, whereas nut quality was differentially affected by treatment and orchard locality, thus confirming a significant L × T relationship regarding nut length and kernel yield. However, locality showed a major effect on kernels and shells. A significant relationship was determined between locality and the Ca, Mg and K spraying (L × T) concerning antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, whose amounts exceeded those of the control treatments by three times. Antioxidant capacity and activity in shells showed a significant L × T relationship, and nutshells collected from Cunco showed remarkably (3-4 times) higher levels of these factors than the other evaluated localities. Interactions between spray treatment and orchard location were responsible for the different values obtained in the experiments, confirming the influence of the environment on the efficacy of the treatments. Finally, these shells are worth further study as an interesting residue of the hazelnut industry due to their nutritional and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Manterola-Barroso
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Physiology and Plant Nutrition for Fruit Trees, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Karina Godoy
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - David Alarcón
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Physiology and Plant Nutrition for Fruit Trees, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniela Padilla
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Physiology and Plant Nutrition for Fruit Trees, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Meriño-Gergichevich
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Physiology and Plant Nutrition for Fruit Trees, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Laboratory of Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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13
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Pacchiarelli A, Silvestri C, Cristofori V. Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) Cultivation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3416. [PMID: 36559528 PMCID: PMC9787295 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the Corylus genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry. Its spontaneous habitus is characterized by a bushy shape, formed by numerous lignified stems generated by seasonal emission of suckers, which develop from adventitious buds inserted in the collar of stems, or more generally from the stump. Despite the agronomic role of suckers, which are often used to replace diseased, old, or poorly oriented branches, they compete with the plant for water and nutrient uptake, negatively influencing its growth and yield. In addition to promoting mechanical applications during the hazelnut orchard management, sucker removal is a required agronomic operation that must be carried out yearly during the growing season, making this practice expensive and time consuming, especially when performed manually. To date, there are several techniques for hazelnut sucker management, and their application depends on several factors, such as the size of the farm, model of cultivation (conventional or organic), soil orography, and plant training system. This review discusses the most widespread methods applied for sucker control, including manual, mechanical, physical, and chemical control (flame and steam), use of non-suckering rootstocks, disbudding, mulching, nitrogen solution applications, and new automatized control techniques recently proposed at the experimental level, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages.
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14
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Solar A, Medic A, Slatnar A, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Botta R, Rovira M, Sarraquigne JP, Silva AP, Veberic R, Stampar F, Hudina M, Bacchetta L. The Effects of the Cultivar and Environment on the Phenolic Contents of Hazelnut Kernels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3051. [PMID: 36432780 PMCID: PMC9695389 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different climatic conditions are known to affect the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. Therefore, the phenolic contents in new growing areas could affect the quality and flavor of hazelnuts. The aim of this study was to determine the variability of the phenolic contents of the kernels in different commercial hazelnut cultivars depending on their growing area. Five cultivars ('Tonda Gentile delle Langhe', 'Merveille de Bollwiller', 'Pauetet', 'Tonda di Giffoni', and 'Barcelona' (syn. 'Fertile de Coutard')) grown in different European collection orchards were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds. Thirteen phenols were identified in the hazelnut kernels, including 7 flavanols, 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, 3 flavonols, and one dihydrochalcone. Catechin and procyanidin dimers were the main phenolic compounds found in the hazelnut kernels. The highest contents of catechin and total flavanols were determined in cultivars cultivated in Spain and northern Italy, and the lowest in Slovenia and France. Flavanols were the major phenolic groups independent of the place of cultivation, as they accounted for more than 50% of all phenolic compounds identified. The flavanols were followed by hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonols, and dihydrochalcones. Higher contents of flavanols and flavonols were found in kernels from areas characterized by higher natural irradiation, which stimulates their accumulation. The contents of hydroxybenzoic acids correlated with altitude, which stimulated phenolic acid synthesis. A negative correlation was observed between the dihydrochalcone content and annual rainfall, probably due to hydric stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Solar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Slatnar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roberto Botta
- DISAFA—Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Universita’ degli Studi di Torino (UNITO), Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Mercè Rovira
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | | | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Hudina
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Loretta Bacchetta
- Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA), 00196 Roma, Italy
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15
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Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-Ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924192. [PMID: 35990343 PMCID: PMC9386380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, more than 70% of CRC cases are resulted from sporadic tumorigenesis and are not inherited. Since adenoma-carcinoma development is a slow process and may take up to 20 years, diet-based chemoprevention could be an effective approach in sporadic CRC. The Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet pattern that consists of a combination of nutraceuticals that prevent several chronic diseases and cancer. Many epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low incidence of CRC. The goal of this review is to shed the light on the anti-inflammatory and anti-colorectal cancer potentials of the natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods in the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Sarvath Community College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Israa A Al-Ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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16
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Sillo F, Brunetti C, Marroni F, Vita F, Dos Santos Nascimento LB, Vizzini A, Mello A, Balestrini R. Systemic effects of Tuber melanosporum inoculation in two Corylus avellana genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1463-1480. [PMID: 35137225 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots of the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), i.e., one of the most economically important nut species, form symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, including truffles. Although physical interactions only occur in roots, the presence of mycorrhizal fungi can lead to metabolic changes at a systemic level, i.e., in leaves. However, how root colonization by ECM fungi modifies these processes in the host plant has so far not been widely studied. This work aimed to investigate the response in two C. avellana genotypes, focusing on leaves from plants inoculated with the black truffle Tuber melanosporum Vittad. Transcriptomic profiles of leaves of colonized plants were compared with those of non-colonized plants, as well as sugar and polyphenolic content. Results suggested that T. melanosporum has the potential to support plants in stressed conditions, leading to the systemic regulation of several genes involved in signaling and defense responses. Although further confirmation is needed, our results open new perspectives for future research aimed to highlight novel aspects in ECM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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17
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Giulia T, Vallauri G, Pavese V, Valentini N, Ruffa P, Botta R, Torello Marinoni D. Identification of the hazelnut cultivar in raw kernels and in semi-processed and processed products. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe request for an efficient traceability system able to identify hazelnut cultivars along the entire processing chain is becoming a critical point for avoiding fraudulent practices and safeguarding the interests of growers, food processors and consumers. In this study, DNA was extracted from different hazelnut matrices, including plant material (leaf, kernel and kernel episperm), and processed foods (paste, grain, flour and different types of snacks containing hazelnuts). The efficiency of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers was tested to identify the hazelnut cultivar ‘Tonda Gentile’ in all the supply chain. The analysis at 10 SSR loci was able to verify the presence/absence of the alleles of a declared cultivar contained in these matrices. The SSR analysis of DNA from raw episperm offers the possibility of identifying the mother cultivar and is suggested as an effective way to discover frauds since DNA analysis can be performed on individual kernels. For food matrices containing hazelnuts, the presence of the mother cultivar’s DNA can be assessed based on the identification of its alleles in the sample, although the presence of multiple alleles from the pollenizers makes the interpretation of results more difficult.
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18
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Lombardi SJ, Pannella G, Tremonte P, Mercurio I, Vergalito F, Caturano C, Maiuro L, Iorizzo M, Succi M, Sorrentino E, Coppola R. Fungi Occurrence in Ready-to-Eat Hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana) From Different Boreal Hemisphere Areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900876. [PMID: 35558107 PMCID: PMC9087596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the fungal contamination of ready-to-eat dried hazelnuts considering for the first time the application of the same condition drying process of several hazelnut cultivars from different boreal hemisphere areas. Fifty lots of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), belonging to eight cultivars from seven regions in four countries, were analyzed for fungal microbiota, describing both load levels and species diversity. For this purpose, a polyphasic approach consisting of morphological examination (optical and scanning electron microscope observation) and molecular characterization [PCR-DGGE analysis and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] was performed. The results show that different fungal populations occur in dried hazelnuts regardless of their geographical area of production. Although some varieties appear to be relatively less susceptible, species related to Aspergillus, such as A. commune and A. ochraceus, Penicillium, including P. commune, P. solitum, and P. expansum, and Rhizopus, for instance, R. stolonifer and R. oryzae, have generally been found. A related character “hazelnut cultivar—fungi” was found for species related to the genera Trichoderma and Fusarium, including F. oxyxporum, F. solani, and F. falciforme. All 14 species found are known to host pathogenic strains. Therefore, their presence in a ready-to-eat product, such as dried hazelnuts, can pose a real danger to the consumer. Based on these considerations, the development of new protective strategies seems highly desirable. The species-level description of the contaminating fungal community acquired through this study is the starting point for the development of tailor-made protective biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jane Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Patrizio Tremonte
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ida Mercurio
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Costantino Caturano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Lucia Maiuro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Succi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Elena Sorrentino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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19
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Circular Hazelnut Protection by Lignocellulosic Waste Valorization for Nanopesticides Development. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hazelnut represents a relevant agro-food supply chain in many countries worldwide. Several biological adversities threaten hazelnut cultivation, but among them bacterial blight is one of the most feared and pernicious since its control can be achieved only by prevention through the observation of good agricultural practices and the use of cupric salts. The aim of this work was to evaluate the lignocellulosic biomasses obtained from hazelnut pruning and shelling residues as a renewable source of cellulose nanocrystals and lignin nanoparticles and to investigate their antimicrobial properties against hazelnut bacterial blight. Cellulose nanocrystals were obtained through an acid hydrolysis after a chemical bleaching, while lignin nanoparticles were synthesized by a solvent–antisolvent method after an enzymatic digestion. Both collected nanomaterials were chemically and morphologically characterized before being tested for their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and biocompatibility on hazelnut plants. Results indicated the selected biomasses as a promising starting material for lignocellulosic nanocarriers synthesis, confirming at the same time the potential of cellulose nanocrystals and lignin nanoparticles as innovative tools to control hazelnut bacterial blight infections without showing any detrimental effects on the biological development of treated hazelnut plants.
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20
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Fiore MC, Marchese A, Mauceri A, Digangi I, Scialabba A. Diversity Assessment and DNA-Based Fingerprinting of Sicilian Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Germplasm. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050631. [PMID: 35270101 PMCID: PMC8912283 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of plant genetic resources is a precondition for genetic improvement and germplasm management. The increasing use of molecular markers for DNA-based genotype signature is crucial for variety identification and traceability in the food supply chain. We collected 75 Sicilian hazelnut accessions from private and public field collections, including widely grown varieties from the Nebrodi Mountains in north east Sicily (Italy). The germplasm was fingerprinted through nine standardized microsatellites (SSR) for hazelnut identification to evaluate the genetic diversity of the collected accessions, validating SSR discrimination power. We identified cases of homonymy and synonymy among acquisitions and the unique profiles. The genetic relationships illustrated by hierarchical clustering, structure, and discriminant analyses revealed a clear distinction between local and commercial varieties. The comparative genetic analysis also showed that the Nebrodi genotypes are significantly different from the Northern Italian, Iberian, and Turkish genotypes. These results highlight the need and urgency to preserve Nebrodi germplasm as a useful and valuable source for traits of interest employable for breeding. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular marker analysis to select a reference germplasm collection of Sicilian hazelnut varieties and to implement certified plants’ production in the supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carola Fiore
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113 km 245,500, 90011 Bagheria, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-909-090
| | - Annalisa Marchese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Department Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito snc, 89065 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Ignazio Digangi
- Living Plants Germplasm Bank of Nebrodi, Contrada Pirato, 98060 Ucria, Italy;
| | - Anna Scialabba
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
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21
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Mir SA, Shah MA, Mir MM, Sidiq T, Sunooj KV, Siddiqui MW, Marszałek K, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Recent developments for controlling microbial contamination of nuts. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6710-6722. [PMID: 35170397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of nuts has shown an increasing trend worldwide. Nuts are an essential part of several countries' economies as an excellent source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. They are contaminated by environmental factors, improper harvesting practices, inadequate packaging procedures, improper storage, and transportation. The longer storage time also leads to the greater chances of contamination from pathogenic fungi. Nuts are infected with Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, nuts are associated with a high risk of pathogens and mycotoxins, which demand the urgency of using techniques for enhancing microbial safety and shelf-life stability. Many techniques such as ozone, cold plasma, irradiation, radiofrequency have been explored for the decontamination of nuts. These techniques have different efficiencies for reducing the contamination depending on processing parameters, type of pathogen, and conditions of food material. This review provides insight into decontamination technologies for reducing microbial contamination from nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government College for Women, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahamd Shah
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College for Women, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Maqbool Mir
- Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Tahira Sidiq
- Department of Home Science, Government College for Women, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science & Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Food Technology and Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Rovira M, Hermoso JF, Rufat J, Cristofori V, Silvestri C, Romero A. Agronomical and Physiological Behavior of Spanish Hazelnut Selection "Negret-N9" Grafted on Non-suckering Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:813902. [PMID: 35178058 PMCID: PMC8845479 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.813902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Negret" is the most widely planted hazelnut cultivar in Northeastern Spain, where it is highly appreciated by the local kernel marked for its favorable nut traits. Its main disadvantages are the high suckers emission, causing large maintenance costs every year, and its medium-to-low vigor and susceptibility to iron chlorosis. In 2000, a trial to select new vigorous and non-suckering rootstocks for hazelnut was established at IRTA Mas Bové (Spain). The "Negret N-9" selection was grafted onto four clonal rootstocks ("Dundee" and "Newberg" two selections of open-pollinated Corylus colurna seedlings, the low suckering cultivar "Tonda Bianca" and the local selection "IRTA MB-69") and compared to the self-rooted "Negret N-9" as a control. The trial was designed as a randomized complete block with 10 replications and one tree per plot (10 trees per treatment). Plant vigor, suckers emission, yield, and nut and kernel traits have been evaluated over 10 years (2003-2012). During the 2006 to 2010 growing seasons, the qualitative traits of kernels, such as kernel skin color, oil content, and fatty acid profiles, were added to the characterization. Physiological data, such as steam water potential, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll content, were also evaluated during the 2015 growing season. The results showed that clonal rootstocks had a strong influence on vigor and yield of "Negret N-9." The "Dundee," "Newberg," and "IRTA MB-69" rootstocks showed the highest vegetative growth and the lower suckers emission. The yield was highest in trees grafted on "Dundee" rootstock. In terms of the qualitative traits of kernel which are important to the hazelnut industry, rootstocks increased the oil stability and induced a brown light color in the kernel pellicle versus the brown dark color observed in nuts collected from self-rooted "Negret N-9." The fatty acids profile was also influenced by the grafting combination. Finally, physiological traits indicated a higher overall performances for "Dundee" rootstock, which was generally found to be the best rootstock for "Negret N-9" in the experimental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Rovira
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Mas Bové, Constantí, Spain
| | | | - Josep Rufat
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agustí Romero
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Mas Bové, Constantí, Spain
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23
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Yahyaoui E, Marinoni DT, Botta R, Ruffa P, Germanà MA. Is It Possible to Produce Certified Hazelnut Plant Material in Sicily? Identification and Recovery of Nebrodi Genetic Resources, in vitro Establishment, and Innovative Sanitation Technique From Apple Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778142. [PMID: 34975961 PMCID: PMC8716929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eight Sicilian cultivars of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), namely-Curcia, Nociara Collica, Panottara Collica, Panottara Galati Grande, Parrinara, Panottara Baratta Piccola, Enzo, and Rossa Galvagno, registered into the Italian Cultivar Register of fruit tree species in 2017 were selected from Nebrodi area and established in vitro. The aim of the work was to carry out the sanitation of the cultivars and get virus-free plants from the most important viral pathogen threat, the apple mosaic virus. Virus-free plant material is essential for the production of certified plants from Sicilian hazelnut cultivars, complying the CE (cat. CAC) quality and the technical standards established in 2017 for voluntary certification by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF). In this study, we investigated the possibility of establishing in vitro true-to-type and virus-free hazelnut plantlets via the encapsulation technology of apexes. The in vitro shoot proliferation rates were assessed for the different cultivars, sampling periods, temperature treatments, and type of explant used for culture initiation. Viability, regrowth, and conversion rates of both conventional meristem tip culture (MTC) and not conventional (MTC combined with the encapsulation technology) sanitation techniques were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Yahyaoui
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Torello Marinoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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24
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Meriño-Gergichevich C, Luengo-Escobar A, Alarcón D, Reyes-Díaz M, Ondrasek G, Morina F, Ogass K. Combined Spraying of Boron and Zinc During Fruit Set and Premature Stage Improves Yield and Fruit Quality of European Hazelnut cv. Tonda di Giffoni. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661542. [PMID: 34135924 PMCID: PMC8201987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients of plant nutrition programs in orchards for securing the crop quality and yield. Although orchard supplementation with B and Zn is a common practice to overcome deficiencies or maintain their optimal levels, the efficiency of combined B and Zn spraying in relation to European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) phenological stage has not been investigated so far. Leaf and kernel mineral and functional traits were studied in cultivar Tonda di Giffoni after B and Zn spraying in four phenological stages. During the 2016/2017 season, 9-year-old trees were sprayed with B (0, 800, and 1,600 mg L-1) and Zn (0, 400, and 800 mg L-1) under three treatments: B0+Zn0, B800+Zn400, and B1600+Zn800 implemented in three spring application programs scheduled from October to December (P1: four times, P2: early two times, and P3: late two times). B and Zn treatments in P1 and P3 led to higher Zn concentration both in leaves and in kernels compared with non-sprayed trees. Stabilized nut production increased 2.5-fold under B800+Zn400 in all three programs. Kernel/nut ratio improved in both B+Zn treatments in P1 and P3, while the percentage of blank nuts was reduced compared with B0+Zn0. Increased radical scavenging activity in B+Zn-treated kernels and leaves was not attributed to the accumulation of phenolics in P3 compared with B0+Zn0, whereas B and Zn spraying reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in both studied organs. According to the results, combined B and Zn should be sprayed at the end of spring (P3) on hazelnut plantations in temperate areas such as Southern Chile, whereas early applications (P2) showed an irregularity in nut production and functional traits in nuts. Moderate and partialized rates of B and Zn and the time of implementation contribute to improving the quantitative and qualitative features crucial for future sustainable hazelnut production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Meriño-Gergichevich
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Nutrition in Fruit Crops, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Luengo-Escobar
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - David Alarcón
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Nutrition in Fruit Crops, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Ecophysiology of Plants, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabrijel Ondrasek
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filis Morina
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Budweis, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Khristopher Ogass
- Research and Extension Center for Irrigation and Agroclimatology (CITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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25
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Family Farming Plays an Essential Role in Preserving Soil Functionality: A Study on Active Managed and Abandoned Traditional Tree Crop-Based Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In traditional agricultural areas, where traditional crops (TCs) are cultivated, small farms are still highly represented. Located prevalently in marginal and sensitive areas, agricultural areas have undergone deep transformation. Smallholders have maintained the traditional asset of cultivation (extensive and low input requirement management) only to some extent. In some cases they have adapted traditional orchards into more intensive planting systems. Frequently, they have abandoned agriculture. The land use and management influence soil functions, i.e., the capability of a specific soil to provide key functions in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to assess whether small farms are environmentally sustainable, we used a set of soil quality indicators in three traditional tree crops in the Latium region (central Italy), like hazelnut, grapevine, and Citrus. The soil parameters, chemical, biological, and biochemical, were quantified under three different management models: extensive cultivation, intensive cultivation, and abandonment. The selected set of indicators proved to be able to discriminate adequately between the management models and to be suitable for the soil health assessment. Results proved that hazelnut orchards stored more organic C, independently from farming management, while vineyard showed the lower total organic carbon (TOC). The microbial carbon vs. organic carbon ratio (Cmic-to Corg ratio) was higher for vineyards and Citrus groves, denoting a more active degradation of soil organic matter. Soil enzymes (ESs) involved in C cycle were variable along the different treatments and mainly influenced by the C inputs to soil and soil cover, whereas those involved in N, P, and S cycles were higher in abandoned and extensive TCs. Overall, extensive cultivation performed better in terms of soil quality than intensive or abandonment. This study suggests that a transition to an agriculture based on agroecological principles and toward extensification would provide significant soil-based environmental benefits in marginal sensitive areas.
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26
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Kalogiouri NP, Pritsa A, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou VF. A green molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction protocol for bisphenol A monitoring with HPLC-UV to guarantee the quality and safety of walnuts under different storage conditions. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1633-1640. [PMID: 33448130 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the residual toxicant concentrations in foods is the key step for minimizing potential hazards. The huge interest about food contamination and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A has emerged the development of sensitive analytical methodologies to guarantee the safety and quality of foods. In this work, a green molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction protocol coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was optimized following the principles of green analytical chemistry. An imprinted sol-gel silica-based hybrid inorganic-organic polymeric sorbent was used to monitor the leaching of bisphenol A from different packaging materials (glass vessels, cans, and polypropylene containers) in walnuts stored within a period of 6 months at 25 and 4°C. Extraction parameters including loading time (5-20 min), solvent type (acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile:methanol, 50:50, v/v), and elution flow rate (0.2-1 mL/min) were optimized with one-factor-at-a-time method. The selected extraction optimum parameters incorporated elution with acetonitrile at 0.2 mL/min flow rate, for 10 min sample holding time. The imprinting factor was equal to 4.55 ± 0.26 (n = 3). The optimized method presented high recovery (94.3 ± 4.2%, n = 3), good linearity (>0.999), intra-assay repeatability (90.2-95.6%, n = 3), and interassay precision (86.7-93.1%, n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa P Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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