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Lösel H, Arndt M, Wenck S, Hansen L, Oberpottkamp M, Seifert S, Fischer M. Exploring the potential of high-resolution LC-MS in combination with ion mobility separation and surrogate minimal depth for enhanced almond origin authentication. Talanta 2024; 271:125598. [PMID: 38224656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Almonds (Prunus dulcisMill.) are consumed worldwide and their geographical origin plays a crucial role in determining their market value. In the present study, a total of 250 almond reference samples from six countries (Australia, Spain, Iran, Italy, Morocco, and the USA) were non-polar extracted and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS. Four harvest periods, more than 30 different varieties, including both sweet and bitter almonds, were considered in the method development. Principal component analysis showed that there are three groups of samples with similarities: Australia/USA, Spain/Italy and Iran/Morocco. For origin determination, a random forest achieved an accuracy of 88.8 %. Misclassifications occurred mainly between almonds from the USA and Australia, due to similar varieties and similar external influences such as climate conditions. Metabolites relevant for classification were selected using Surrogate Minimal Depth, with triacylglycerides containing oxidized, odd chained or short chained fatty acids and some phospholipids proven to be the most suitable marker substances. Our results show that focusing on the identified lipids (e. g., using a QqQ-MS instrument) is a promising approach to transfer the origin determination of almonds to routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Arndt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soeren Wenck
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Hansen
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Oberpottkamp
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Scharf A, La-Rostami F, Illarionov BA, Nemes V, Feldmann AM, Höft LS, Lösel H, Bacher A, Fischer M. Systematic analysis of the effect of genomic knock-out of non-essential promiscuous HAD-like phosphatases YcsE, YitU and YwtE on flavin and adenylate content in Bacillus subtilis. Chembiochem 2024:e202400165. [PMID: 38616163 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Studying the metabolic role of non-essential promiscuous enzymes is a challenging task, as genetic manipulations usually do not reveal at which point(s) of the metabolic network the enzymatic activity of such protein is beneficial for the organism. Each of the HAD-like phosphatases YcsE, YitU and YwtE of Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-uracil 5'-phosphate, which is essential in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. Using CRISPR technology, we have found that the deletion of these genes, individually or in all possible combinations failed to cause riboflavin auxotrophy and did not result in significant growth changes. Analysis of flavin and adenylate content in B. subtilis knockout mutants showed that (i) there must be one or several still unidentified phosphatases that can replace the deleted proteins; (ii) such replacements, however, cannot fully restore the intracellular content of any of three flavins studied (riboflavin, FMN, FAD); (iii) whereas bacterial fitness was not significantly compromised by mutations, the intracellular balance of flavins and adenylates did show some significant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adelbert Bacher
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, GERMANY
| | - Markus Fischer
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, GERMANY
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Lösel H, Brockelt J, Gärber F, Teipel J, Kuballa T, Seifert S, Fischer M. Comparative Analysis of LC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS and FT-NIR Spectroscopy Approaches for the Authentication of Organic and Conventional Eggs. Metabolites 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 37623826 PMCID: PMC10456441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of animal welfare and the organic production of chicken eggs has increased in the European Union in recent years. Legal regulation for organic husbandry makes the production of organic chicken eggs more expensive compared to conventional husbandry and thus increases the risk of food fraud. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a non-targeted lipidomic LC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS method based on 270 egg samples, which achieved a classification accuracy of 96.3%. Subsequently, surrogate minimal depth (SMD) was applied to select important variables identified as carotenoids and lipids based on their MS/MS spectra. The LC-MS results were compared with FT-NIR spectroscopy analysis as a low-resolution screening method and achieved 80.0% accuracy. Here, SMD selected parts of the spectrum which are associated with lipids and proteins. Furthermore, we used SMD for low-level data fusion to analyze relations between the variables of the LC-MS and the FT-NIR spectroscopy datasets. Thereby, lipid-associated bands of the FT-NIR spectrum were related to the identified lipids from the LC-MS analysis, demonstrating that FT-NIR spectroscopy partially provides similar information about the lipidome. In future applications, eggs can therefore be analyzed with FT-NIR spectroscopy to identify conspicuous samples that can subsequently be counter-tested by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes Brockelt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Florian Gärber
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Jan Teipel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Kuballa
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany (T.K.)
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
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Shakiba N, Lösel H, Wenck S, Kumpmann L, Bachmann R, Creydt M, Seifert S, Fischer M, Hackl T. Analysis of Hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana L.) Stored for Extended Periods by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Monitoring Storage-Induced Changes in the Polar and Nonpolar Metabolome. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3093-3101. [PMID: 36720100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Storage is a critical step in the post-harvest processing of hazelnuts, as it can lead to mold, rancidity, and off-flavor. However, there is a lack of analytical methods to detect improper or extended storage. To comprehensively investigate the effects of hazelnut storage, samples were stored under five different conditions for up to 18 months. Subsequently, the polar and nonpolar metabolome were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometric approaches for classification as well as variable selection. Increases in hexanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acid, all products of lipid oxidation and responsible for quality defects, were found across all conditions. Furthermore, the concentration of free long-chain fatty acids increased in samples stored at high temperatures. Harsh short-term storage resulted in an increase in fumaric and lactic acid, glucose, fructose, and choline and a decrease in acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shakiba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soeren Wenck
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Kumpmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Bachmann
- Landeslabor Schleswig-Holstein, Max-Eyth-Straße 5, 24537 Neumünster, Germany
| | - Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Lösel H, Shakiba N, Wenck S, Le Tan P, Arndt M, Seifert S, Hackl T, Fischer M. Impact of Freeze-Drying on the Determination of the Geographical Origin of Almonds (Prunus dulcis Mill.) by Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a proven tool for the determination of food authenticity, mainly because of good classification results and the possibility of industrial use due to its easy and fast application. Since water shows broad absorption bands, the water content of a sample should be as low as possible. Freeze-drying is a commonly used preparatory step for this to reduce the water content in the sample. However, freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is very time-consuming impeding the widespread usage of NIR analysis as a rapid method for incoming goods inspections. We used a sample set of 72 almond samples from six economically relevant almond-producing countries to investigate the question of how important lyophilization is to obtain a well-performing classification model. For this approach, the samples were ground and lyophilized for 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h and compared to non-freeze-dried samples. Karl-Fischer titration of non-lyophilized samples showed that water contents ranged from 3.0 to 10.5% and remained constant at 0.36 ± 0.13% after a freeze-drying period of 24 h. The non-freeze-dried samples showed a classification accuracy of 93.9 ± 6.4%, which was in the same range as the samples which were freeze-dried for 3 h (94.2 ± 7.8%), 24 h (92.5 ± 8.7%), and 48 h (95.0 ± 9.0%). Feature selection was performed using the Boruta algorithm, which showed that signals from lipids and proteins are relevant for the origin determination. The presented study showed that samples with low water content, especially nuts, can be analyzed without the time-consuming preparation step of freeze-drying to obtain robust and fast results, which are especially required for incoming goods inspection.
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Lösel H. [Walk tester. An instrument for determination of peripheral disturbances of blood supply]. Med Welt 1968; 49:2727-8. [PMID: 5730709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lösel H. [Bilirubin demostration in the urine by means of a blue filter]. Med Klin 1968; 63:1724-8. [PMID: 5703852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lösel H. [Diseases of the anorectal region and their management]. Med Klin 1968; 63:1389-92 passim. [PMID: 5682035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lösel H. [On the diagnosis and therapy of anorectal diseases]. Landarzt 1968; 44:1074-8. [PMID: 5719905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lösel H. [Therapy of hypertension with mefrusid (Baycaron) with special reference to potassium metabolism]. Med Klin 1968; 63:759-63. [PMID: 5730197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lösel H. [Diagnosis and treatment of varicosis and its complications]. Ther Ggw 1967; 106:540-54. [PMID: 4906468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lösel H. [Problems of potassium deficiency and its objectivation in the practice]. Landarzt 1966; 42:843-6. [PMID: 5986120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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