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Urbutis M, Vaseva II, Simova-Stoilova L, Todorova D, Pukalskas A, Samuolienė G. Drought Protective Effects of Exogenous ABA and Kinetin on Lettuce: Sugar Content, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and Productivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1641. [PMID: 38931073 PMCID: PMC11207227 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Drought is an environmental stressor that significantly impacts plant growth and development. Comprehending the complexity of drought stress and water utilization in the context of plant growth and development holds significant importance for sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenously applied phytohormones on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) sugar content profiles and antioxidant enzyme activity and productivity. Lettuce plants were grown under normal and drought conditions in a growth chamber with a photoperiod of 14/10 h (day/night). Kinetin and abscisic acid were applied separately and in combinations when the second leaf was fully expanded. The results showed that sugar accumulation and productivity of the pretreated plants under drought were significantly higher than the controls. The perspective offered by this work showed that growth-related and stress-related phytohormones significantly influenced plant sugar metabolism, metabolic profiles, and productivity, thus enabling the control of yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Urbutis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irina I. Vaseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria (D.T.)
| | - Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria (D.T.)
| | - Dessislava Todorova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria (D.T.)
| | - Audrius Pukalskas
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
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2
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Cao X, Liu Y, Luo X, Wang C, Yue L, Elmer W, Dhankher OP, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Mechanistic investigation of enhanced bacterial soft rot resistance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with elemental sulfur nanomaterials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163793. [PMID: 37127166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases significantly threaten global food security and will worsen with a changing climate. Elemental sulfur nanomaterials (S NMs) were used to suppress bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Foliar application with S NMs at 10-100 mg/L statistically decreased the occurrence of bacterial soft rot, where 100 mg/L exhibited the best performance with alleviating disease severity by 94.1 % as relative to infected controls. The disease suppression efficiency of S based materials (100 mg/L) and a conventional pesticide (thiophanate-methyl) followed the order of S NMs ≈ pesticide > S bulk particles (BPs) > sulfate. The disease control efficiency of S NMs was 1.33- and 3.20-fold that of S BPs and sulfate, respectively, and the shoot and root biomass with S NMs was 1.25- and 1.17-fold that of the pesticide treated plants. Mechanistically, S NMs (1) triggered jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediated systematic induced resistance and systemic acquired resistance, thereby upregulating pathogenesis-related gene expression (enhanced by 29.3-259.7 %); (2) enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity and antioxidative gene expression (improved by 67.5-326.6 %), thereby alleviating the oxidative stress; and (3) exhibited direct in vivo antibacterial activity. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that S NMs also promoted the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increased SA and JA metabolite biosynthesis. Moreover, S NMs application increased nutritive quality of lettuce by 20.8-191.7 %. These findings demonstrate that S NMs have potential to manage crop disease, thereby reducing the environmental burden due to decreasing use of conventional pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Klofac D, Antosovsky J, Skarpa P. Effect of Zinc Foliar Fertilization Alone and Combined with Trehalose on Maize ( Zea mays L.) Growth under the Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2539. [PMID: 37447100 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. Its cultivation is affected by abiotic stress caused by climate change, in particular, drought. Zinc (Zn) supplied by foliar nutrition can increase plant resistance to water stress by enhancing physiological and enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms. One of the possibilities to reduce the effect of drought on plant production is also the utilization of trehalose. In order to confirm the effect of the foliar application of selected forms of Zn (0.1% w/v solution)-zinc oxide micro- (ZnO) and nanoparticles (ZnONP), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and zinc chelate (ZnEDTA)-a pot experiment in controlled conditions was conducted in combination with trehalose (1% w/v solution) on selected growth parameters of maize exposed to the drought stress. A significant effect of coapplication of Zn and trehalose on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root electrical capacity, weight of maize aboveground biomass (AGB) and Zn content in AGB was found. At the same time, the hypothesis of a positive effect of carbohydrates on increasing the uptake of foliar-applied Zn was confirmed, especially for the ZnEDTA and ZnSO4. This paper presents the first empirical evidence of the trehalose addition to sprays for zinc foliar fertilization of maize proving to be an effective way of increasing the resistance of maize grown under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klofac
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Antosovsky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skarpa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Sinkovič L, Sinkovič DK, Ugrinović K. Yield and nutritional quality of soil‐cultivated crisphead lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L. var.
capitata
) and corn salad (
Valerianella
spp.) harvested at different growing periods. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1755-1769. [PMID: 37051357 PMCID: PMC10084971 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crisphead lettuce and corn salad varieties were grown during different growing seasons in the greenhouse or in the field under intensive tillage. They were evaluated for agronomic and nutritional quality to determine the influence of growing period, variety, and in the case of lettuce, leaf position (inner, middle, and outer leaf) on total and marketable yield, color parameters, relative chlorophyll, total sugars, isovaleric acid, total phenolic content (TPC), and multielement composition. Significant differences were found among total yield, color parameters (L*, b*, c*, and hue), and relative chlorophyll for crisphead lettuce, and color parameters (L*, a*, b*, c*, and hue) and relative chlorophyll for corn salad varieties. Relative chlorophyll was strongly correlated with most color parameters. The growing period affected yield, relative chlorophyll, TPC, total sugars, isovaleric acid, and multielement composition for corn salad, and the color parameter a* and relative chlorophyll for crisphead lettuce. The position of lettuce leaves had a significant effect on TPC, total sugars, and multielement composition. In addition, this study confirmed that farmers and consumers should pay attention to nutritional quality when selecting different lettuce and corn salad varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Kristina Ugrinović
- Crop Science Department Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenia
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5
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Hughes NM, George CO, Gumpman CB, Neufeld HS. Coevolution and photoprotection as complementary hypotheses for autumn leaf reddening: a nutrient-centered perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:22-29. [PMID: 34738236 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hughes
- Department of Biology, High Point University, 1 N University Pkwy, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Christian O George
- Department of Biology, High Point University, 1 N University Pkwy, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Corinne B Gumpman
- Department of Biology, High Point University, 1 N University Pkwy, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Howard S Neufeld
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, 287 Rivers St.,, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
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6
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Li Z, Jiang H, Yan H, Jiang X, Ma Y, Qin Y. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12152. [PMID: 34595068 PMCID: PMC8436962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are phytochemicals present in medicinal plants and contribute to human health. Coreopsis tinctoria, a species rich in flavonoids, has long been used in traditional medicine and as a food resource. N (nitrogen) fertilization can reduce flavonoid accumulation in C. tinctoria. However, there is limited knowledge regarding N regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of N availability on flavonoid biosynthesis in C. tinctoria and to investigate the relationship between C (carbon) and N metabolism coupled with flavonoid synthesis under controlled conditions. C. tinctoria seedlings were grown hydroponically under five different N levels (0, 0.625, 1.250, 2.500 and 5.000 mM). The related indexes of C, N and flavonoid metabolism of C. tinctoria under N variation were measured and analysed. N availability (low and moderate N levels) regulates enzyme activities related to C and N metabolism, promotes the accumulation of carbohydrates, reduces N metabolite levels, and enhances the internal C/N balance. The flavonoid content in roots and stalks remained relatively stable, while that in leaves peaked at low or intermediate N levels. Flavonoids are closely related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone-thioase (CHS) activity, significantly positively correlated with carbohydrates and negatively correlated with N metabolites. Thus, C and N metabolism can not only control the distribution of C in amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways but also change the distribution in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which also provides meaningful information for maintaining high yields while ensuring the nutritional value of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumuqi, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumuqi, China
| | - Huizhuan Yan
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumuqi, China
| | - Xiumei Jiang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumuqi, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumuqi, China
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumuqi, China
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7
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Takahashi S, Namioka Y, Azis HR, Sano T, Aono M, Koshiyama M, Fujisawa H, Isoda H. Prohydrojasmon Promotes the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Red Leaf Lettuce. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091920. [PMID: 34579452 PMCID: PMC8468872 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prohydrojasmon (PDJ) is a synthetic jasmonate derivative that is primarily used as a growth regulator, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effects of PDJ on phytochemical production in red leaf lettuce. The PDJ treatments promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds in aerial plant parts. An LC-MS analysis revealed that these accumulated compounds were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside methyl ester. The abundance of these compounds in lettuce extracts increased significantly in response to the PDJ treatment. Additionally, the LC-MS analysis also identified the accumulated phenolic compounds in the extracts of PDJ-treated lettuce, including caffeoyltartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, chicoric acid, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. Gene expression analyses indicated the PDJ treatments upregulated the expression of PAL, F3H, and ANS genes in lettuce. These results suggest that PDJ treatments enhance the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, resulting in an increase in the quantities of these compounds, which reportedly have various functions affecting human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yui Namioka
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Haidar Rafid Azis
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Aono
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masami Koshiyama
- Specialty Chemicals Division, Zeon Corporation, Chiyoda, Tokyo 104-8246, Japan;
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
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8
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Li Z, Jiang H, Qin Y, Yan H, Jiang X, Qin Y. Nitrogen deficiency maintains the yield and improves the antioxidant activity of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1492-1505. [PMID: 33851999 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency levels were investigated for their potential to maintain the yield and improve antioxidant activity of Coreopsis tinctoria. Inflorescences and leaves at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 d after flowering were frozen at -80 °C and plant growth, antioxidant activity, bioactive substance, enzyme activity, and gene expression were evaluated. N deficiency maintained the total number of flowers, promoted phenol and flavonoid accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Moreover, N deficiency stimulated activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and induced CtPAL, CtC4H and Ct4CL gene expression. The data also suggest that N-deficiency-induced phenolic and flavonoid accumulation occurs due to the activation of biosynthetic pathways in C. tinctoria. We characterize the unique features of C. tinctoria under N-deficiency conditions and provide valuable information for the cultivation of high-N use efficiency varieties with low input and high output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanan Qin
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huizhuan Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiumei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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