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Wang J, Yao L, Hao J, Li C, Li B, Meng Y, Ma X, Si E, Yang K, Zhang H, Shang X, Wang H. Growth Properties and Metabolomic Analysis Provide Insight into Drought Tolerance in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7224. [PMID: 39000330 PMCID: PMC11241679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major meteorological threat to crop growth and yield. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a vital cereal crop with strong drought tolerance worldwide. However, the underlying growth properties and metabolomic regulatory module of drought tolerance remains less known. Here, we investigated the plant height, spike length, effective tiller, biomass, average spikelets, 1000-grain weight, number of seeds per plant, grain weight per plant, ash content, protein content, starch content, cellulose content, and metabolomic regulation mechanisms of drought stress in barley. Our results revealed that the growth properties were different between ZDM5430 and IL-12 under drought stress at different growth stages. We found that a total of 12,235 metabolites were identified in two barley genotype root samples with drought treatment. More than 50% of these metabolites showed significant differences between the ZDM5430 and IL-12 roots. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified 368 differential metabolites mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in ZDM5430 under drought stress, whereas the different metabolites of IL-12 under drought stress related to starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism. These metabolites have application in the tricarboxylic cycle, the urea cycle, the met salvage pathway, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and glycolysis. On the other hand, the expression patterns of 13 genes related to the abovementioned bioprocesses in different barley genotypes roots were proposed. These findings afford an overview for the understanding of barley roots' metabolic changes in the drought defense mechanism by revealing the differently accumulated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 66667, Australia
| | - Baochun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zheng C, Niu S, Yan Y, Zhou G, Peng Y, He Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Xie X. Moderate Salinity Stress Affects Rice Quality by Influencing Expression of Amylose- and Protein-Content-Associated Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4042. [PMID: 38612852 PMCID: PMC11012469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an environmental stress that severely impacts rice grain yield and quality. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanism by which salinity reduces grain quality. In this study, we investigated the milling, appearance, eating and cooking, and nutritional quality among three japonica rice cultivars grown either under moderate salinity with an electrical conductivity of 4 dS/m or under non-saline conditions in a paddy field in Dongying, Shandong, China. Moderate salinity affected rice appearance quality predominantly by increasing chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree and affected rice eating and cooking and nutritional quality predominantly by decreasing amylose content and increasing protein content. We compared the expression levels of genes determining grain chalkiness, amylose content, and protein content in developing seeds (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after flowering) of plants grown under saline or non-saline conditions. The chalkiness-related gene Chalk5 was up-regulated and WHITE-CORE RATE 1 was repressed. The genes Nuclear factor Y and Wx, which determine amylose content, were downregulated, while protein-content-associated genes OsAAP6 and OsGluA2 were upregulated by salinity in the developing seeds. These findings suggest some target genes that may be utilized to improve the grain quality under salinity stress conditions via gene-pyramiding breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongke Zheng
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shulin Niu
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Yan
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Guanhua Zhou
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongbin Peng
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanan He
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinjun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Yaping Li
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xianzhi Xie
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (C.Z.); (S.N.); (G.Z.); (Y.P.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Gao W, Zhang X, Ye W, Zhang Z. The metabolic mechanisms of Cd-induced hormesis in photosynthetic microalgae, Chromochloris zofingiensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168966. [PMID: 38043816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, an environmental pollutant, is highly toxic and resistant to degradation. It exhibits toxicity at elevated doses but triggers excitatory effects at low doses, a phenomenon referred to as hormesis. Microalgae, as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrate hormesis induced by cadmium, though the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Consequently, we examined the hormesis of cadmium in Chromochloris zofingiensis. A minimal Cd2+ concentration (0.05 mg L-1) prompted cell proliferation, whereas higher concentrations (2.50 mg L-1) inhibited growth. The group exposed to higher doses exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Contrastingly, the group exposed to low doses exhibited a moderate antioxidant response without significantly increasing ROS. This implies that increased levels of antioxidative components counteract excessive ROS, maintaining cellular redox balance and promoting growth under conditions of low Cd2+. Validation experiments have established that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS primarily coordinates the hormesis effect in microalgae. Comparative transcriptome analysis has proved the involvement of antioxidant systems and photosynthesis in regulating hormesis. Notably, Aurora A kinases consistently displayed varying expression levels across all Cd2+ treatments, and their role in microalgal hormesis was confirmed through validation with SNS-314 mesylate. This study unveils the intricate regulatory mechanisms of Cd-induced hormesis in C. zofingiensis, with implications for environmental remediation and industrial microalgae applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Weizheng Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenqi Ye
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China.
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Guo K, Liang W, Wang S, Guo D, Liu F, Persson S, Herburger K, Petersen BL, Liu X, Blennow A, Zhong Y. Strategies for starch customization: Agricultural modification. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121336. [PMID: 37739487 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Raw starch is commonly modified to enhance its functionality for industrial applications. There is increasing demand for 'green' modified starches from both end-consumers and producers. It is well known that environmental conditions are key factors that determine plant growth and yield. An increasing number of studies suggest growth conditions can expand affect starch structure and functionality. In this review, we summarized how water, heat, high nitrogen, salinity, shading, CO2 stress affect starch biosynthesis and physicochemical properties. We define these treatments as a fifth type of starch modification method - agricultural modification - in addition to chemical, physical, enzymatic and genetic methods. In general, water stress decreases peak viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy of starch, and high temperature stress increases starch gelatinization enthalpy and temperature. High nitrogen increases total starch content and regulates starch viscosity. Salinity stress mainly regulates starch and amylose content, both of which are genotype-dependent. Shading stress and CO2 stress can both increase starch granule size, but these have different effects on amylose content and amylopectin structure. Compared with other modification methods, agricultural modification has the advantage of operating at a large scale and a low cost and can help meet the ever-rising market of clean-label foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Guo
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wenxin Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Bent L Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Gao Q, Yin X, Wang F, Zhang C, Xiao F, Wang H, Hu S, Liu W, Zhou S, Chen L, Dai X, Liang M. Jacalin-related lectin 45 (OsJRL45) isolated from 'sea rice 86' enhances rice salt tolerance at the seedling and reproductive stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:553. [PMID: 37940897 PMCID: PMC10634080 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated grain crops in the world that meets the caloric needs of more than half the world's population. Salt stress seriously affects rice production and threatens food security. Therefore, mining salt tolerance genes in salt-tolerant germplasm and elucidating their molecular mechanisms in rice are necessary for the breeding of salt tolerant cultivars. RESULTS In this study, a salt stress-responsive jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family gene, OsJRL45, was identified in the salt-tolerant rice variety 'sea rice 86' (SR86). OsJRL45 showed high expression level in leaves, and the corresponding protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The knockout mutant and overexpression lines of OsJRL45 revealed that OsJRL45 positively regulates the salt tolerance of rice plants at all growth stages. Compared with the wild type (WT), the OsJRL45 overexpression lines showed greater salt tolerance at the reproductive stage, and significantly higher seed setting rate and 1,000-grain weight. Moreover, OsJRL45 expression significantly improved the salt-resistant ability and yield of a salt-sensitive indica cultivar, L6-23. Furthermore, OsJRL45 enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rice plants and facilitated the maintenance of Na+-K+ homeostasis under salt stress conditions. Five proteins associated with OsJRL45 were screened by transcriptome and interaction network analysis, of which one, the transmembrane transporter Os10g0210500 affects the salt tolerance of rice by regulating ion transport-, salt stress-, and hormone-responsive proteins. CONCLUSIONS The OsJRL45 gene isolated from SR86 positively regulated the salt tolerance of rice plants at all growth stages, and significantly increased the yield of salt-sensitive rice cultivar under NaCl treatment. OsJRL45 increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme of rice and regulated Na+/K+ dynamic equilibrium under salinity conditions. Our data suggest that OsJRL45 may improve the salt tolerance of rice by mediating the expression of ion transport-, salt stress response-, and hormone response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Feicui Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuchang Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Liangbi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Manzhong Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Li Z, Zhou T, Zhu K, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang B, Xu D, Gu J, Yang J. Effects of Salt Stress on Grain Yield and Quality Parameters in Rice Cultivars with Differing Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3243. [PMID: 37765407 PMCID: PMC10538069 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield and grain quality are highly sensitive to salinity stress. Salt-tolerant/susceptible rice cultivars respond to salinity differently. To explore the variation in grain yield and quality to moderate/severe salinity stress, five rice cultivars differing in degrees of salt tolerance, including three salt-tolerant rice cultivars (Lianjian 5, Lianjian 6, and Lianjian 7) and two salt-susceptible rice cultivars (Wuyunjing 30 and Lianjing 7) were examined. Grain yield was significantly decreased under salinity stress, while the extent of yield loss was lesser in salt-tolerant rice cultivars due to the relatively higher grain filling ratio and grain weight. The milling quality continued to increase with increasing levels. There were genotypic differences in the responses of appearance quality to mild salinity. The appearance quality was first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of salinity stress in salt-tolerant rice but continued to decrease in salt-susceptible rice. Under severe salinity stress, the protein accumulation was increased and the starch content was decreased; the content of short branched-chain of amylopectin was decreased; the crystallinity and stability of the starch were increased, and the gelatinization temperature was increased. These changes resulted in the deterioration of cooking and eating quality of rice under severe salinity-stressed environments. However, salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice cultivars responded differently to moderate salinity stress in cooking and eating quality and in the physicochemical properties of the starch. For salt-tolerant rice cultivars, the chain length of amylopectin was decreased, the degrees of order of the starch structure were decreased, and pasting properties and thermal properties were increased significantly, whereas for salt-susceptible rice cultivars, cooking and eating quality was deteriorated under moderate salinity stress. In conclusion, the selection of salt-tolerant rice cultivars can effectively maintain the rice production at a relatively high level while simultaneously enhancing grain quality in moderate salinity-stressed environments. Our results demonstrate specific salinity responses among the rice genotypes and the planting of salt-tolerant rice under moderate soil salinity is a solution to ensure rice production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zujian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Sahasakul Y, Aursalung A, Thangsiri S, Temviriyanukul P, Inthachat W, Pongwichian P, Sasithorn K, Suttisansanee U. Nutritional Compositions, Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Rainfed Rice Grown in Different Degrees of Soil Salinity. Foods 2023; 12:2870. [PMID: 37569139 PMCID: PMC10417330 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop for over half of the world's population. However, drought as a result of climate change has led to increased soil salinity, thereby reducing agricultural potential, especially rice nutritional compositions and biochemical properties. Nevertheless, soil management by using suitable fertilizers might be able to improve rice quality even though these rice samples were grown in soil with a high degree of salinity. This study investigated nutritional compositions, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of twenty-five rainfed rice samples in Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) and Rice Department 15 (RD15) varieties grown in soil with different degrees of salinity. The soil, however, had been improved by the usage of fertilizer at the tillering and booting stages. Results indicated that all rice samples exhibited similar nutrients, total phenolic contents (TPCs), and antioxidant potentials, suggesting that appropriate fertilizer could improve rice qualities. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation results suggested that regardless of rice varieties, organic matter (OM) and soil potassium (Ks) showed a very strong positive correlation with protein and minerals (Ca, Na, K, and Fe), while opposite results were observed with soil pH. Moderate to very weak correlations were also observed between soil parameters and TPCs, as well as between soil parameters and antioxidant activities. The received information will be useful for the future development of appropriate fertilizer usage in salt-tolerant rice with particular nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Amornrat Aursalung
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Pirach Pongwichian
- Land Development Department, Phaholyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Kamontip Sasithorn
- Land Development Department, Phaholyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (P.T.); (W.I.)
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8
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Zhang X, Blennow A, Jekle M, Zörb C. Climate-Nutrient-Crop Model: Novel Insights into Grain-Based Food Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37384408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrients spatiotemporally participate in the biosynthesis and accumulation of storage biopolymers, which directly determines the harvested grain yield and quality. Optimizing fertilizer nutrient availability improves the grain yield, but quality aspects are often underestimated. We hypothesize that extensive mineral nutrients have significant effects on the biosynthesis, content, and composition of storage proteins, ultimately determining physicochemical properties and food quality, particularly in the context of climate change. To investigate this, we hierarchized 16 plant mineral nutrients and developed a novel climate-nutrient-crop model to address the fundamental question of the roles of protein and starch in grain-based food quality. Finally, we recommend increasing the added value of mineral nutrients as a socioeconomic strategy to enhance agro-food profitability, promote environmental sustainability, and improve climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mario Jekle
- Department of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Starch Chemical Composition and Molecular Structure in Relation to Physicochemical Characteristics and Resistant Starch Content of Four Thai Commercial Rice Cultivars Differing in Pasting Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030574. [PMID: 36771875 PMCID: PMC9921408 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in starch pasting properties, considered an alternative potential quality classification parameter for rice starches, are directly controlled by the diverse starch molecular composition and structural features. Here, the starch characteristics of four rice cultivars (i.e., RD57, RD29, KDML105, and RD6) differing in pasting properties were assessed, and their relationship was determined. The results revealed that protein and moisture contents and their crystalline type were similar among the four rice starches. However, their molecular compositions and structures (i.e., reducing sugar and amylose contents, amylopectin branch chain-length distributions, granule size and size distribution, and degree of crystallinity) significantly varied among different genotypes, which resulted in distinct swelling, solubility, gelatinization, retrogradation, and hydrolytic resistance properties. The swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy (∆H) were positively correlated with C-type granule and relative crystallinity, but were negatively correlated with amylose content, B-type granule and median particle size (d(0.5)). Conversely, the water solubility and resistant starch content negatively correlated with C-type granule, but positively correlated with amylose content, B-type granule, and d(0.5). The gelatinization onset temperature (To(g)), and retrogradation concluding temperatures (Tc(r)), enthalpy (∆H(r)), and percentage (R%) were positively impacted by the amount of protein, amylose, and B1 chains (DP 13-24), while they were negatively correlated with short A chains (DP 6-12). Collectively, the starch physicochemical and functional properties of these Thai rice starches are attributed to an interplay between compositional and structural features. These results provide decisive and crucial information on rice cultivars' suitability for consumption as cooked rice and for specific industrial applications.
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Zhang R, Zheng D, Feng N, Qiu QS, Zhou H, Meng F, Huang X, Huang A, Li Y. Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the tillering stage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279192. [PMID: 36930609 PMCID: PMC10022774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress, as a principal abiotic stress, harms the growth and metabolism of rice, thus affecting its yield and quality. The tillering stage is the key growth period that controls rice yield. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) can increase the lodging resistance of plants by reducing plant height, but its effects on rice leaves and roots at the tillering stage under salt stress are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of foliar spraying of Pro-Ca to regulate growth quality at the rice tillering stage under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the tillering ability of the rice and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots. Salt stress also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the rice leaves and increased the contents of osmotic regulatory substances in the leaves and roots. The application of exogenous Pro-Ca onto the leaves increased the tiller number of the rice under salt stress and significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Additionally, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA content. The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased. These results suggested that Pro-Ca can increase the tillering ability, photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment substance content levels and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in rice and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice at the tillering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (NF)
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (NF)
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xixin Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Liang C. Improving yield and quality of rice under acid rain stress by regulating nitrogen assimilation with exogenous Ca 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12085-12097. [PMID: 36103072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain threatens crop yield and nutritional quality, and Ca2+ can regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses. To improve the yield and nutritional quality of crops under acid rain stress, we applied exogenous Ca2+ to regulate nitrogen assimilation in rice seedlings under simulated acid rain stress (pH 4.5 or 3.0), taking yield and nutritional quality of rice as evaluation criteria. We found that Ca2+ (5 mM) maintained the total nitrogen content of rice at the seedling and booting stages to alleviate the inhibitory effect of simulated acid rain on rice yield. Meanwhile, Ca2+ improved the activity of glutamate synthase to eliminate the disruption of glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase balance under simulated acid rain. It decreased the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation, thereby reducing the inhibition of essential amino acid content in rice. The mitigation effect on simulated acid rain at pH 4.5 was better than that of simulated acid rain at pH 3.0. Overall, Ca2+ may reduce the negative effect of acid rain on the yield and nutritional quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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12
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Proteomic Approaches to Uncover Salt Stress Response Mechanisms in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010518. [PMID: 36613963 PMCID: PMC9820213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is an unfavorable outcome of global climate change, adversely affecting crop growth and yield. It is the second-biggest abiotic factor damaging the morphological, physio-biochemical, and molecular processes during seed germination and plant development. Salt responses include modulation of hormonal biosynthesis, ionic homeostasis, the antioxidant defense system, and osmoprotectants to mitigate salt stress. Plants trigger salt-responsive genes, proteins, and metabolites to cope with the damaging effects of a high salt concentration. Enhancing salt tolerance among crop plants is direly needed for sustainable global agriculture. Novel protein markers, which are used for crop improvement against salt stress, are identified using proteomic techniques. As compared to single-technique approaches, the integration of genomic tools and exogenously applied chemicals offers great potential in addressing salt-stress-induced challenges. The interplay of salt-responsive proteins and genes is the missing key of salt tolerance. The development of salt-tolerant crop varieties can be achieved by integrated approaches encompassing proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and genome-editing tools. In this review, the current information about the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of salt response/tolerance in crops is summarized. The significance of proteomic approaches to improve salt tolerance in various crops is highlighted, and an integrated omics approach to achieve global food security is discussed. Novel proteins that respond to salt stress are potential candidates for future breeding of salt tolerance.
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13
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Singh L, Coronejo S, Pruthi R, Chapagain S, Bhattarai U, Subudhi PK. Genetic Dissection of Alkalinity Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in Rice ( Oryza sativa) Using a High-Resolution Linkage Map. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233347. [PMID: 36501386 PMCID: PMC9738157 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although both salinity and alkalinity result from accumulation of soluble salts in soil, high pH and ionic imbalance make alkaline stress more harmful to plants. This study aimed to provide molecular insights into the alkalinity tolerance using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between Cocodrie and Dular with contrasting response to alkalinity stress. Forty-six additive QTLs for nine morpho-physiological traits were mapped on to a linkage map of 4679 SNPs under alkalinity stress at the seedling stage and seven major-effect QTLs were for alkalinity tolerance scoring, Na+ and K+ concentrations and Na+:K+ ratio. The candidate genes were identified based on the comparison of the impacts of variants of genes present in five QTL intervals using the whole genome sequences of both parents. Differential expression of no apical meristem protein, cysteine protease precursor, retrotransposon protein, OsWAK28, MYB transcription factor, protein kinase, ubiquitin-carboxyl protein, and NAD binding protein genes in parents indicated their role in response to alkali stress. Our study suggests that the genetic basis of tolerance to alkalinity stress is most likely different from that of salinity stress. Introgression and validation of the QTLs and genes can be useful for improving alkalinity tolerance in rice at the seedling stage and advancing understanding of the molecular genetic basis of alkalinity stress adaptation.
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14
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Chen Y, Wang J, Yao L, Li B, Ma X, Si E, Yang K, Li C, Shang X, Meng Y, Wang H. Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Response to Salt Stress during Seed Germination in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810515. [PMID: 36142428 PMCID: PMC9499682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crop production, and understanding of the response mechanisms of seed germination to salt stress can help to improve crop tolerance and yield. The differences in regulatory pathways during germination in different salt-tolerant barley seeds are not clear. Therefore, this study investigated the responses of different salt-tolerant barley seeds during germination to salt stress at the proteomic and metabolic levels. To do so, the proteomics and metabolomics of two barley seeds with different salt tolerances were comprehensively examined. Through comparative proteomic analysis, 778 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 335 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated. These proteins, were mainly involved in signal transduction, propanoate metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormones and cell wall stress. In addition, a total of 187 salt-regulated metabolites were identified in this research, which were mainly related to ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism; 72 were increased and 112 were decreased. Compared with salt-sensitive materials, salt-tolerant materials responded more positively to salt stress at the protein and metabolic levels. Taken together, these results suggest that salt-tolerant germplasm may enhance resilience by repairing intracellular structures, promoting lipid metabolism and increasing osmotic metabolites. These data not only provide new ideas for how seeds respond to salt stress but also provide new directions for studying the molecular mechanisms and the metabolic homeostasis of seeds in the early stages of germination under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyou Chen
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baochun Li
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (H.W.)
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15
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Rasheed A, Li H, Nawaz M, Mahmood A, Hassan MU, Shah AN, Hussain F, Azmat S, Gillani SFA, Majeed Y, Qari SH, Wu Z. Molecular tools, potential frontiers for enhancing salinity tolerance in rice: A critical review and future prospective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:966749. [PMID: 35968147 PMCID: PMC9366114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of salinity tolerance in rice can minimize the stress-induced yield losses. Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of Asia's most widely consumed crops, native to the subtropical regions, and is generally associated with sensitivity to salinity stress episodes. Salt-tolerant rice genotypes have been developed using conventional breeding methods; however, the success ratio is limited because of the complex nature of the trait and the high cost of development. The narrow genetic base of rice limited the success of conventional breeding methods. Hence, it is critical to launch the molecular tools for screening rice novel germplasm for salt-tolerant genes. In this regard, the latest molecular techniques like quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genetic engineering (GE), transcription factors (TFs) analysis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are reliable for incorporating the salt tolerance in rice at the molecular level. Large-scale use of these potent genetic approaches leads to identifying and editing several genes/alleles, and QTL/genes are accountable for holding the genetic mechanism of salinity tolerance in rice. Continuous breeding practices resulted in a huge decline in rice genetic diversity, which is a great worry for global food security. However, molecular breeding tools are the only way to conserve genetic diversity by exploring wild germplasm for desired genes in salt tolerance breeding programs. In this review, we have compiled the logical evidences of successful applications of potent molecular tools for boosting salinity tolerance in rice, their limitations, and future prospects. This well-organized information would assist future researchers in understanding the genetic improvement of salinity tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Humanity and Public Administration, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz Hussain
- Directorate of Agronomy, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azmat
- Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Extension and Adaptive Research, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Yao D, Wu J, Luo Q, Zhang D, Zhuang W, Xiao G, Deng Q, Bai B. Effects of Salinity Stress at Reproductive Growth Stage on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Composition, Starch Structure, and Physicochemical Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926217. [PMID: 35845782 PMCID: PMC9277441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in polished rice composition, starch structure, and physicochemical properties from three rice cultivars treated with medium and high salinity stress at the reproductive growth stage. The results showed that salt stress led to poor milling and appearance quality, higher total starch content, protein content, higher proportion of the medium, and long chains of amylopectin, as well as gelatinization temperature (GT) but lower amylose content and lower proportion of the short chain of amylopectin. Compared with salt-sensitive cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivars exhibited lower GT and gelatinization enthalpy, better pasting properties, and more stable crystal structure; therefore, their eating and cooking quality (ECQ) was less affected. The above results imply that salt stress at the reproductive growth stage can degrade ECQ and can slightly increase the pasting property of starch from salt-tolerant rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuhong Luo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Gui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qiyun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- Bio-Rice (Hunan) Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Bin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Bai
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Hussain S, Yang S, Li R, Liu S, Chen Y, Wei H, Dai Q, Hou H. Study on the Effect of Salt Stress on Yield and Grain Quality Among Different Rice Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918460. [PMID: 35712589 PMCID: PMC9194819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt is one of the main factors limiting the use of mudflats. In this study, the yield, quality, and mineral content of rice seeds under salt stress were investigated. A pot experiment was conducted with Yangyugeng2, Xudao9, and Huageng5 under 0, 17.1, 25.6, and 34.2 mM NaCl of salt concentration treatments. The results showed that salt stress can significantly decrease panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice, and the panicle number was among other things the main cause of yield loss under saline conditions. When the salt concentration is less than 34.2 mM NaCl, the salt stress increases the brown rice rate and milled rice rate, thus significant increasing head milled rice rate of salt-sensitive varieties but decreasing in salt-tolerant varieties. In addition, the grain length is more sensitive than grain width to salt stress. This study also indicates that different varieties of rice exhibit different salt tolerance under salt stress, the three rice varieties in this study, in order of salt tolerance, are Xudao9, Huageng5, and Yangyugeng2. Salt stress will increase the appearance, viscosity, degree of balance, and taste value, and decrease the hardness of rice when salt concentration is less than 17.1 mM NaCl in Yangyugeng2 and Huageng5 or 25.6 mM NaCl in Xudao9. The differences in starch pasting properties among rice varieties in this study are larger than those caused by salt stress. The uptake capacity of K, Mg, P, S, and Cu ions in the seeds of different rice varieties significantly vary, and salt stress causes significant differences in the uptake capacity of K, Na, and Cu ions in rice seeds. Rice varieties with high salt tolerance can be selected for the development and utilization of mudflats, and low concentration of salt stress will increase the rice quality, all of which are meaningful to agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongkai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huanhe Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Yibang Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd., Dongying, China
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Yield, Grain Quality, and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112601. [PMID: 34828879 PMCID: PMC8620510 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.
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