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Luo Y, Zhang C, Liao H, Luo Y, Huang X, Wang Z, Xiaole X. Integrative metagenomics, volatilomics and chemometrics for deciphering the microbial structure and core metabolic network during Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) fermentation in different regions. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104569. [PMID: 38839228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Huangjiu is a spontaneously fermented alcoholic beverage, that undergoes intricate microbial compositional changes. This study aimed to unravel the flavor and quality formation mechanisms based on the microbial metabolism of Huangjiu. Here, metagenome techniques, chemometrics analysis, and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) metabolomics combined with microbial metabolic network were employed to investigate the distinctions and relationship between the microbial profiles and the quality characteristics, flavor metabolites, functional metabolic patterns of Huangjiu across three regions. Significant variations (P < 0.05) were observed in metabolic rate of physicochemical parameters and biogenic amine concentration among three regions. 8 aroma compounds (phenethyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl alcohol, and diethyl succinate) out of 448 volatile compounds were identified as the regional chemical markers. 25 dominant microbial genera were observed through metagenomic analysis, and 13 species were confirmed as microbial markers in three regions. A metabolic network analysis revealed that Saccharomycetales (Saccharomyces), Lactobacillales (Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Leuconostoc), and Eurotiales (Aspergillus) were the predominant populations responsible for substrate, flavor (mainly esters and phenylethyl alcohol) metabolism, Lactobacillales and Enterobacterales were closely linked with biogenic amine. These findings provide scientific evidence for regional microbial contributions to geographical characteristics of Huangjiu, and perspectives for optimizing microbial function to promote Huangjiu quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yunchuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Xia Xiaole
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300000, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Li M, Zhan P, Wang P, He W, Tian H. A quality comparison for Xiecun Huangjiu with different aging stages based on chemical profile, aroma composition and microbial succession. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101132. [PMID: 38292673 PMCID: PMC10826613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Xiecun Huangjiu (XCHJ), an exemplary representation of North Huangjiu, exhibits a distinct and invigorating aroma predominantly formed during its aging period. In this study, we observed dynamic changes in 16 key aroma compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) during the aging of XCHJ, with compounds such as phenethylalcohol, isoamylalcohol, benzaldehyde, and ethylbenzoate initially increasing and then decreasing. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) detected nineteen amino acids, with total content ranging from 1901.45 to 3764.45 mg/L. High-throughput sequencing indicated that Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum, Moesziomyces and Aspergillus et al. were abundant in aged XCHJ. Totally, 4 bacteria and 8 fungi exhibited strong associations with aroma compounds production. Physicochemical properties were primarily interacted with Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Pseudeurotium, Thermomyces, Bacteroides and Blautia. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis highlighted significant interactions between Pantoea, Rhodotorula, Monascus, and amino acids. These findings provide valuable insights for the regulation of aroma in aged XCHJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Zhan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wanying He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
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