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Wang L, Zhang C, Shi K, Chen S, Shao J, Huang X, Wang M, Wang Y, Song Q. Hydrogen Sulfide Enhances Browning Repression and Quality Maintenance in Fresh-Cut Peaches via Modulating Phenolic and Amino Acids Metabolisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061158. [PMID: 36981085 PMCID: PMC10048349 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the browning and quality maintenance of fresh-cut peach fruit were studied. The results showed that H2S treatment repressed the development of surface browning, suppressed the increase in respiration rate and weight loss, and delayed the decline of firmness while soluble solids content (SSC) and microbial growth were unaffected during storage. H2S treatment maintained higher contents of phenolic compounds, especially neo-chlorogenic acid, catechin, and quercetin, and delayed the degradation of phenolic compounds by enhancing the activities of phenolic biosynthesis-related enzymes and inhibiting the oxidative activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in comparison with control. Moreover, H2S stimulated the accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives including proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and polyamines (PAs) via enhancing biosynthesis and repressing degradation compared to control. These results suggested that H2S treatment enhanced the accumulation of phenolic, amino acids, and their derivatives by modulating phenolic and amino acids metabolisms, which contributed to the higher antioxidant activity and membrane integrity maintenance, ultimately repressing browning development and maintaining the quality. Therefore, the current study speculated that H2S might be a promising approach for browning inhibition and quality maintenance in fresh-cut peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Kaili Shi
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Shouchao Chen
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Jiawei Shao
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Xingli Huang
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
| | - Qingyuan Song
- Anhui Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 210036, China
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Lee XY, Tan JS, Cheng LH. Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Enrichment in Plant-Based Food – A Mini Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Y. Lee
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - J. S. Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - L. H. Cheng
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Polak T, Mejaš R, Jamnik P, Kralj Cigić I, Poklar Ulrih N, Cigić B. Accumulation and Transformation of Biogenic Amines and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Chickpea Sourdough. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112840. [PMID: 34829121 PMCID: PMC8618307 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, sourdough fermentation leads to an improvement in the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of bakery products. The use of non-conventional flours with a specific autochthonous microbiota may lead to the formation of secondary metabolites, which may even have undesirable physiological and toxicological effects. Chickpea flours from different suppliers have been used to produce sourdoughs by spontaneous and inoculated fermentations. The content of nutritionally undesirable biogenic amines (BA) and beneficial gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined by chromatography. Fenugreek sprouts, which are a rich source of amine oxidases, were used to reduce the BA content in the sourdoughs. Spontaneous fermentation resulted in a high accumulation of cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine for certain flours. The use of commercial starter cultures was not effective in reducing the accumulation of BA in all sourdoughs. The addition of fenugreek sprouts to the suspension of sourdough with pH raised to 6.5 resulted in a significant reduction in BA contents. Enzymatic oxidation was less efficient during kneading. Baking resulted in only a partial degradation of BA and GABA in the crust and not in the crumb. Therefore, it could be suggested to give more importance to the control of sourdough fermentation with regard to the formation of nutritionally undesirable BA and to exploit the possibilities of their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Polak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (R.M.); (P.J.); (N.P.U.)
| | - Rok Mejaš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (R.M.); (P.J.); (N.P.U.)
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (R.M.); (P.J.); (N.P.U.)
| | - Irena Kralj Cigić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (R.M.); (P.J.); (N.P.U.)
| | - Blaž Cigić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.P.); (R.M.); (P.J.); (N.P.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-320-37-84; Fax: +386-1-256-57-82
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Accumulation of Agmatine, Spermidine, and Spermine in Sprouts and Microgreens of Alfalfa, Fenugreek, Lentil, and Daikon Radish. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050547. [PMID: 32369919 PMCID: PMC7278799 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens are a rich source of various bioactive compounds. Seeds of lentil, fenugreek, alfalfa, and daikon radish seeds were germinated and the contents of the polyamines agmatine (AGM), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) in ungerminated seeds, sprouts, and microgreens were determined. In general, sprouting led to the accumulation of the total polyamine content. The highest levels of AGM (5392 mg/kg) were found in alfalfa microgreens, PUT (1079 mg/kg) and CAD (3563 mg/kg) in fenugreek sprouts, SPD (579 mg/kg) in lentil microgreens, and SPM (922 mg/kg) in fenugreek microgreens. A large increase in CAD content was observed in all three legume sprouts. Conversely, the nutritionally beneficial polyamines AGM, SPD, and SPM were accumulated in microgreens, while their contents of CAD were significantly lower. In contrast, daikon radish sprouts exhibited a nutritionally better profile of polyamines than the microgreens. Freezing and thawing of legume sprouts resulted in significant degradation of CAD, PUT, and AGM by endogenous diamine oxidases. The enzymatic potential of fenugreek sprouts can be used to degrade exogenous PUT, CAD, and tyramine at pH values above 5.
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Wu QY, Ma SZ, Zhang WW, Yao KB, Chen L, Zhao F, Zhuang YQ. Accumulating pathways of γ-aminobutyric acid during anaerobic and aerobic sequential incubations in fresh tea leaves. Food Chem 2018; 240:1081-1086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nikmaram N, Dar BN, Roohinejad S, Koubaa M, Barba FJ, Greiner R, Johnson SK. Recent advances in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) properties in pulses: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2681-2689. [PMID: 28230263 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beans, peas, and lentils are all types of pulses that are extensively used as foods around the world due to their beneficial effects on human health including their low glycaemic index, cholesterol lowering effects, ability to decrease the risk of heart diseases and their protective effects against some cancers. These health benefits are a result of their components such as bioactive proteins, dietary fibre, slowly digested starches, minerals and vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive compounds, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid with numerous reported health benefits (e.g. anti-diabetic and hypotensive effects, depression and anxiety reduction) is of particular interest. GABA is primarily synthesised in plant tissues by the decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid in the presence of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). It is widely reported that during various processes including enzymatic treatment, gaseous treatment (e.g. with carbon dioxide), and fermentation (with lactic acid bacteria), GABA content increases in the plant matrix. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of GABA in pulses with special focus on mechanisms by which GABA levels are increased and the analytical extraction and estimation methods for this bioactive phytochemical. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Nikmaram
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - B N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Yang R, Feng L, Wang S, Yu N, Gu Z. Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid in soybean by hypoxia germination and freeze-thawing incubation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2090-6. [PMID: 26119790 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be synthesised by the GABA shunt and polyamine degradation pathway in plants under hypoxia stress and lower temperature. The hypoxia germination freeze-thawing incubation was used as a new technique for accumulating more GABA in soybean. RESULTS Results showed that glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity as well as GABA content increased during germination within 24 h under hypoxia. However, the contents of dry matters and protein decreased. When the hypoxia-treated sprouts were frozen at -18 °C for 12 h and thawed at 25 °C for 6 h, GABA content increased drastically to 7.21-fold of the non-frozen sprouts. Subsequently, the freeze-thawing sprouts were ground into homogenates and incubated. GABA content was 14.20-fold of the only-soaked seeds when homogenates was incubated at 45 °C for 80 min within 400 µmol L(-1) pyridoxine (VB6) (pH 6.5). CONCLUSION The hypoxia germination freeze-thawing incubation was an effective method for accumulating GABA in soybean. During incubation, DAO was more important for GABA formation in homogenate of germinated soybean compared with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Kivirand K, Sõmerik H, Oldekop ML, Rebane R, Rinken T. Effect of spermidine and its metabolites on the activity of pea seedlings diamine oxidase and the problems of biosensing of biogenic amines with this enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 82:133-137. [PMID: 26672459 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine is one of the several biogenic amines, produced during the microbial decarboxylation of proteins. Individual biogenic amines in the formed mixtures are frequently analyzed with oxygen sensor based biosensors, as their content serves as a good biomarker for the determination of food quality. In these biosensors, diamine oxidase from pea seedlings (PSAO), catalyzing the oxidation of various biogenic amines by dissolved oxygen is commonly used for the bio-recognition of amines. However, in the presence of spermidine and/or its metabolite 1,3-diaminopropane, the activity of PSAO and the sensitivity of PSAO-based biosensors decrease due to inhibition. The inhibition constant of soluble spermidine, acting as an inhibiting substrate toward PSAO, was found to be (40±15) mM in freshly prepared solution and (0.28±0.05) mM in solution, incubated 30 days at room temperature. The inhibition constant of 1,3-diaminopropane, acting as a competitive inhibitor, was (0.43±0.12) mM as determined through the oxidation reaction of cadaverine. The metabolic half-life of soluble spermidine was 7 days at room temperature and 186 days at 4 °C. The kinetic measurements were carried out with an oxygen sensor; the composition of the solution of degraded spermidine was analyzed with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kivirand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Sõmerik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M-L Oldekop
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Rebane
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, Estonia.
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Zarei A, Trobacher CP, Cooke AR, Meyers AJ, Hall JC, Shelp BJ. Apple fruit copper amine oxidase isoforms: peroxisomal MdAO1 prefers diamines as substrates, whereas extracellular MdAO2 exclusively utilizes monoamines. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:137-47. [PMID: 25378687 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
4-Aminobutyrate (GABA) accumulates in apple fruit during controlled atmosphere storage. A potential source of GABA is the polyamine putrescine, which can be oxidized via copper-containing amine oxidase (CuAO), resulting in the production 4-aminobutanal/Δ(1)-pyrroline, with the consumption of O2 and release of H2O2 and ammonia. Five putative CuAO genes (MdAO genes) were cloned from apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Empire) fruit, and the deduced amino acid sequences found to contain the active sites typically conserved in CuAOs. Genes encoding two of these enzymes, MdAO1 and MdAO2, were highly expressed in apple fruit and selected for further analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis predicted the presence of a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal 1 tripeptide in MdAO1 and an N-terminal signal peptide and N-glycosylation site in MdAO2. Transient expression of green fluorescent fusion proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts or onion epidermal cells revealed a peroxisomal localization for MdAO1 and an extracellular localization for MdAO2. The enzymatic activities of purified recombinant MdAO1 and MdAO2 were measured continuously as H2O2 production using a coupled reaction. MdAO1 did not use monoamines or polyamines and displayed high catalytic efficiency for 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine and cadaverine, whereas MdAO2 exclusively utilized aliphatic and aromatic monoamines, including 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine. Together, these results indicate that MdAO1 may contribute to GABA production via putrescine oxidation in the peroxisome of apple fruit under controlled atmosphere conditions. MdAO2 seems to be involved in deamination of 2-phenylethylamine, which is a step in the biosynthesis of 2-phenylethanol, a contributor to fruit flavor and flower fragrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Christopher P Trobacher
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Alison R Cooke
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Ashley J Meyers
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - J Christopher Hall
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Barry J Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
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Ca 2+ and aminoguanidine on γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in germinating soybean under hypoxia-NaCl stress. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 23:287-293. [PMID: 28911384 PMCID: PMC9351771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonproteinous amino acid with some benefits on human health, is synthesized by GABA-shunt and the polyamine degradation pathway in plants. The regulation of Ca2+ and aminoguanidine on GABA accumulation in germinating soybean (Glycine max L.) under hypoxia-NaCl stress was investigated in this study. Exogenous Ca2+ increased GABA content significantly by enhancing glutamate decarboxylase gene expression and its activity. Addition of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid into the culture solution reduced GABA content greatly due to the inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase activity. Aminoguanidine reduced over 85% of diamine oxidase activity, and 33.28% and 36.35% of GABA content in cotyledon and embryo, respectively. Under hypoxia −NaCl stress, the polyamine degradation pathway contributed 31.61–39.43% of the GABA formation in germinating soybean.
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Yang R, Yin Y, Guo L, Han Y, Gu Z. Sequence analysis of diamine oxidase gene from fava bean and its expression related to γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in seeds germinating under hypoxia-NaCl stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1585-1591. [PMID: 24170570 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized via the polyamine degradation pathway in plants, with diamine oxidase (DAO) being the key enzyme. In this study the cDNA of DAO in fava bean was cloned and its expression in seeds germinating under hypoxia-NaCl stress was investigated. RESULTS Fava bean DAO cDNA is 2199 bp long and contains 2025 bp of open reading frame that encodes 675 amino acid peptides with a calculated molecular weight of 76.31 kDa and a pI of 5.41. Hypoxia and hypoxia-NaCl stress enhanced DAO activity and resulted in GABA accumulation in germinating fava bean. However, DAO gene expression was down-regulated under hypoxia compared with non-stress condition, while its expression in the cotyledon and shoot was up-regulated under hypoxia-NaCl. In addition, DAO expression could be promoted to enhance GABA accumulation after increasing the stress intensity using NaCl. DAO gene expression was significantly inhibited by aminoguanidine treatment under hypoxia but increased under hypoxia-NaCl. CONCLUSION Under hypoxia, GABA accumulation due to NaCl was mainly concentrated in the cotyledon. The GABA content increase under hypoxia did not result from DAO gene expression, but DAO existing in seeds was activated under hypoxia. DAO gene expression was up-regulated to enhance GABA accumulation after increasing the stress intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Yang R, Yin Y, Guo Q, Gu Z. Purification, properties and cDNA cloning of glutamate decarboxylase in germinated faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Food Chem 2013; 138:1945-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang R, Guo Q, Gu Z. GABA shunt and polyamine degradation pathway on γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in germinating fava bean (Vicia faba L.) under hypoxia. Food Chem 2012; 136:152-9. [PMID: 23017406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GABA shunt and polyamine degradation pathway on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in germinating fava bean under hypoxia was investigated. GABA content, GAD and DAO activity were significantly increased under hypoxia treatment. Glu and polyamine contents enhanced largely and thus supplied as sufficient substrates for GABA formation. In contrast, GABA content decreased, mainly in the embryo, after removing the hypoxia stress. DAO activity, Glu and polyamines contents decreased, while an increment of GAD activity was observed. This indicated that GAD activity can be not only regulated by hypoxia, but by the rapid growth of embryo after the recovery from hypoxia stress. When treated with AG, DAO activity was almost inhibited completely, and the GABA content decreased by 32.96% and 32.07% after treated for 3 and 5 days, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that about 30% of GABA formed in germinating fava bean under hypoxia was supplied by polyamine degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiang Yang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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