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Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Petrova A, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Balabanova V, Joubert O, Zidorn C, Voynikov Y, Simeonova R, Gevrenova R. Metabolite profiling and bioactivity of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1009. [PMID: 36903870 PMCID: PMC10005263 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. is a perennial herbaceous plant in the tribe Cichorieae (Lactuceae), Asteraceae family, distributed in the mountainous regions in Europe. In this study, we focused on the metabolite profiling and the bioactivity of C. alpina leaves and flowering heads methanol-aqueous extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts, as well as inhibitory potential towards selected enzymes, involving in several human diseases, including metabolic syndrome (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase), Alzheimer's disease, (cholinesterases: AChE, BchE), hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase), and cytotoxicity were assessed. The workflow comprised ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). UHPLC-HRMS analysis revealed more than 100 secondary metabolites, including acylquinic, acyltartaric acids, flavonoids, bitter sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), such as lactucin, dihydrolactucin, their derivatives, and coumarins. Leaves showed a stronger antioxidant activity compared to flowering heads, as well as lipase (4.75 ± 0.21 mg OE/g), AchE (1.98 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g), BchE (0.74 ± 0.06 mg GALAE/g), and tyrosinase (49.87 ± 3.19 mg KAE/g) inhibitory potential. Flowering heads showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase (1.05 ± 0.17 mmol ACAE/g) and α-amylase (0.47 ± 0.03). The obtained results highlighted C. alpina as a rich source of acylquinic, acyltartaric acids, flavonoids, and STLs with significant bioactivity, and therefore the taxon could be considered as a potential candidate for the development of health-promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Vessela Balabanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yulian Voynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Poulopoulou I, Horgan MJ, Siewert B, Siller M, Palmieri L, Martinidou E, Martens S, Fusani P, Temml V, Stuppner H, Gauly M. In vitro evaluation of the effects of methanolic plant extracts on the embryonation rate of Ascaridia galli eggs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:409-419. [PMID: 35727416 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to find efficient alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics among ethno-veterinary herbs. Ascaridia galli eggs isolated from the worm uterus were exposed in vitro to methanolic extracts (ME) of nine plant species such as Achillea millefolium (AM), Artemisia absinthium (AA), Artemisia vulgaris (AV), Cicerbita alpina (CA), Cichorium intybus (CI), Inula helenium (IH), Origanum vulgare (OV), Tanacetum vulgare (TV), Tanacetum parthenium (TP). Flubendazole (FL), 0.5% formalin with dimethylsulfoxide and Petri dishes without the addition of reagents were used as positive, negative and untreated control respectively. The effects of the different ME at concentrations 0.500, 0.325, 0.200 mg/ml were assessed on the embryonic development (ED) of the eggs in duplicate. Logit analysis was used to calculate EC50 values. A generalized linear mixed model, having plant species and concentration as fixed effect and day as repeated measure, was used to determine differences in ED. Estimated EC50 was the lowest for FL at 0.11 mg/ml. CA and TV followed with 0.27 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml. ED for FL was significantly lower (25%) than that of CA (47%). The analysis showed 0.5 mg/ml of the ME of CA and TV significantly affected the ED at 35% and 42% inhibitions respectively. The ED for all ME showed similar pattern i.e., relatively higher efficacy in the first experimental week compared to the rest of the experimental period. The effect from all multicomponent extracts is time and dose dependent. The plants have promising results in inhibiting ED, contributing to the identification of alternative anthelmintic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Poulopoulou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen - Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Mark James Horgan
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Siller
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Eftychia Martinidou
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusani
- Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro Di Ricerca Foreste E Legno, piazza Nicolini 6 loc. Villazzano, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Hamdan D, Fayed MAA, Adel R. Echinops taeckholmiana Amin: Optimization of a Tissue Culture Protocol, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Profiling Using GC and LC-MS. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13105-13115. [PMID: 34056460 PMCID: PMC8158801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced seedlings. Chemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the n-hexane fraction afforded 29 identified components, mainly fatty acids esters, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, one thiophene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS-MS) analysis of total alcoholic root and induced calli extracts resulted in 68 metabolites. Taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol-3β-d-glucoside, and 1,1,1-kestopentaose were identified from the defatted root extract, which inhibited α-amylase (IC50 54.6 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (60.4 μg/mL) enzymes compared with acarbose (IC50 values of 30.57 and 34.71 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, it showed moderate activity against HepG2 (IC50 31.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL) and no activity against M-NFS-60 cell lines compared to cisplatin (IC50 3.25 ± 1.4 and 8.37 ± 0.25, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia
I. Hamdan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. A. Fayed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Rasha Adel
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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LC-ESI-MS/MS Phenolic Profile of Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Extracts and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9814537. [PMID: 31341506 PMCID: PMC6613030 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9814537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass., an indigenous perennial herb from the Tunisian flora, belongs to the medicinally important genus Volutaria Cass. (Asteraceae) which comprises eighteen species widely distributed in the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean Basin. In this study, five different extracts from Tunisian Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions have the highest levels in phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed remarkable antioxidant activities using DPPH (IC50= 11.50±0.57 and 28.81±1.35μg/mL, respectively), total antioxidant capacity (105.21±0.01 and 98.77±0.02 mg vitamin E/g extract, respectively), and reducing power (EC50= 55.40±2.00 and 66.65±1.40 μg/mL, respectively) methods. Furthermore, they exhibited noticeable antiacetylcholinesterase and antidiabetic activities and a moderate antibacterial effect when compared to that of standards. Principal component analysis allowed highlighting the ethyl acetate extract for its interesting acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and alpha-amylase activities and the aqueous fraction for its remarkably antibacterial activity, and their richness in phytochemical content. Interestingly, the LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of both fractions allowed the identification of ten phenolic acids and eight flavonoids. The 3-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids constituted the most abundant components in the two fractions. Taken together, these findings demonstrated, for the first time, that Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. is a potential source of biological active compounds which could be used in a wide range of fields, namely, nutrition and complementary pharmacological drug.
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Zeković Z, Vladić J, Vidović S, Adamović D, Pavlić B. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of coriander phenolic antioxidants - response surface methodology approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4613-22. [PMID: 26916516 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from coriander seeds was optimized by simultaneous maximization of total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) yields, as well as maximized antioxidant activity determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays. Box-Behnken experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of MAE. Extraction time (X1 , 15-35 min), ethanol concentration (X2 , 50-90% w/w) and irradiation power (X3 , 400-800 W) were investigated as independent variables. Experimentally obtained values of investigated responses were fitted to a second-order polynomial model, and multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine fitness of the model and optimal conditions. RESULTS The optimal MAE conditions for simultaneous maximization of polyphenol yield and increased antioxidant activity were an extraction time of 19 min, an ethanol concentration of 63% and an irradiation power of 570 W, while predicted values of TP, TF, IC50 and EC50 at optimal MAE conditions were 311.23 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight (DW), 213.66 mg catechin equivalent per 100 g DW, 0.0315 mg mL(-1) and 0.1311 mg mL(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION RSM was successfully used for multi-response optimization of coriander seed polyphenols. Comparison of optimized MAE with conventional extraction techniques confirmed that MAE provides significantly higher polyphenol yields and extracts with increased antioxidant activity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Zeković
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vladić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Senka Vidović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Adamović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branimir Pavlić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Ghiasvand A, Shadabi S, Hajipour S, Nasirian A, Borzouei M, Hassani-Moghadam E, Hashemi P. Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Hydrodistillation for the Identification of Major Constituents in Two Species ofHypericum. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:264-70. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Microwave technology is changing the way we design and optimize synthetic protocols and their scaling up to multigram production levels. The latest generation of dedicated microwave reactors enables operators to quickly screen reaction conditions by means of parallel tests and select the best catalyst, solvent, and conditions. Pilot scale synthetic procedures require flow-through conditions in microwave flow reactors which can be obtained by adapting classic batch protocols. Microwave-assisted chemical processes play a pivotal role in the design of sustainable multigram preparations which address the double requirement of process intensification and competitive production costs. Although most researchers are likely to be acquainted with the great potential of dielectric heating, the advantages and disadvantages of a particular device or the conditions needed to maximize efficiency and functionality are often overlooked. The double aims of the present review are to provide a panoramic snapshot of commercially available lab microwave reactors and their features as well as highlighting a few selected applications of microwave chemistry of particular relevance.
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Donno D, Beccaro GL, Mellano MG, Bonvegna L, Bounous G. Castanea spp. buds as a phytochemical source for herbal preparations: botanical fingerprint for nutraceutical identification and functional food standardisation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2863-2873. [PMID: 24676761 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plant species may be used for the production of herbal preparations containing phytochemicals with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and health benefits: Castanea spp. is among the most commonly used herbal medicines. The aim of this research was to perform an analytical study of chestnut bud preparations, in order to identify and quantify the main bioactive compounds, and to obtain a specific chemical fingerprint to evaluate the single class contribution to the herbal preparation phytocomplex. The analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector. RESULTS Castanea spp. was identified as a rich source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: the observed analytical fingerprint demonstrated that these bud preparations represent a rich source of bioactive compounds (104.77 ± 1.14 g kg(-1) FW) in relation to different genotypes, specific sampling sites and several phenological stages. CONCLUSION This study showed that the observed analytical fingerprint can be considered an important tool for assessing the chemical composition and bioactivities of the chestnut-derived products, considering the Castanea genus as a new source of natural health-promoting compounds. This study allowed the development of an effective tool for quality control by fingerprinting the bud preparation in order to develop a new generation of standardised preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 -, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Piovesana S, Ventura S. Chromatographic Methods Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Detection for the Determination of Phenolic Acids in Plants and Fruits. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.941263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma “La Sapienza” , Rome , Italy
| | - Patrizia Foglia
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma “La Sapienza” , Rome , Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma “La Sapienza” , Rome , Italy
| | - Salvatore Ventura
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma “La Sapienza” , Rome , Italy
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Lee HJ, Cha KH, Kim CY, Nho CW, Pan CH. Bioavailability of hydroxycinnamic acids from Crepidiastrum denticulatum using simulated digestion and Caco-2 intestinal cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5290-5295. [PMID: 24841645 DOI: 10.1021/jf500319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids have antioxidant properties and potentially beneficial effects on human health. This study investigated the digestive stability, bioaccessibility, and permeability of hydroxycinnamic acids from Crepidiastrum denticulatum using simulated digestion and Caco-2 intestinal cells. The major compounds of C. denticulatum were determined to be four hydroxycinnamic acids [caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA)] and one flavonoid (luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Hydroxycinnamic acids from C. denticulatum were rapidly released in the stomach and duodenum phase, maximizing the possibility of absorption in the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The digestive stability and bioaccessibility of hydroxycinnamic acids from C. denticulatum were markedly low after simulated digestion and remained minimal in the soluble fraction of the ileum phase. Unlike the four hydroxycinnamic acids, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was stable in terms of digestive stability and bioaccessibility during simulated digestion. The cell permeabilities (P(app A to B)/P(app B to A)) of caftaric acid (0.054) and chlorogenic acid (0.055) were higher than those of chicoric acid (0.011) and 3,5-DCQA (0.006) in general. That of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was not detectable, showing its low absorption in Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that the rapid release of hydroxycinnamic acids in the stomach and duodenum phase may increase the potential for absorption in Caco-2 cells, and that luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, which was stable in terms of digestive stability and bioaccessibility, has relatively low absorption compared with hydroxycinnamic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
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Das AK, Mandal V, Mandal SC. A brief understanding of process optimisation in microwave-assisted extraction of botanical materials: options and opportunities with chemometric tools. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:1-12. [PMID: 24105963 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extraction forms the very basic step in research on natural products for drug discovery. A poorly optimised and planned extraction methodology can jeopardise the entire mission. OBJECTIVE To provide a vivid picture of different chemometric tools and planning for process optimisation and method development in extraction of botanical material, with emphasis on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of botanical material. METHODS A review of studies involving the application of chemometric tools in combination with MAE of botanical materials was undertaken in order to discover what the significant extraction factors were. Optimising a response by fine-tuning those factors, experimental design or statistical design of experiment (DoE), which is a core area of study in chemometrics, was then used for statistical analysis and interpretations. RESULTS In this review a brief explanation of the different aspects and methodologies related to MAE of botanical materials that were subjected to experimental design, along with some general chemometric tools and the steps involved in the practice of MAE, are presented. A detailed study on various factors and responses involved in the optimisation is also presented. CONCLUSION This article will assist in obtaining a better insight into the chemometric strategies of process optimisation and method development, which will in turn improve the decision-making process in selecting influential extraction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Das
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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