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Batista FLA, de Araújo SMB, de Sousa DB, Sobrinho FBC, de Lima Silva MG, de Oliveira MRC, da Costa RHS, Rodrigues LB, Bezerra FS, de Azevedo DV, Vieira-Neto AE, Magalhães FEA, de Menezes IRA. Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like potential of the essential oil from the Ocimum basilicum Linn leaves and its major constituent estragole on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105796. [PMID: 38936553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The Ocimum species present active compounds with the potential to develop drugs for treating chronic disease conditions, such as anxiety and seizures. The present study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like effect of the essential oil from O. basilicum Linn (OEFOb) leaves and its major constituent estragole (ES) in vivo on adult zebrafish (aZF) and in silico. The aZF were treated with OEFOb or ES or vehicle and submitted to the tests of toxicity, open-field, anxiety, and convulsion and validated the interactions of the estragole on the involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic receptors by molecular docking assay. The results showed that the oral administration of OEFOb and ES did not have a toxic effect on the aZF and showed anxiolytic-like effects with the involvement of GABAA, 5-HT1, 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT3A/3B as well on anxiety induced by alcohol withdrawal. The OEFOb and ES showed anticonvulsant potential attenuating the seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) by modulation of the GABAA system. Both anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects were corroborated by the potential of the interaction of ES by in silico assay. These study samples demonstrate the pharmacological evidence and potential for using these compounds to develop new anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lucas A Batista
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria B de Araújo
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniela Braga de Sousa
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bastos C Sobrinho
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriely de Lima Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Rayane C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roger Henrique S da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Franciglauber Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Djane Ventura de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Ernani A Magalhães
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Sevindik B, Sevindik O, Selli S. Effect of drought stress induced by PEG 6000 on
Ocimum basilicum
L. aroma profile. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Başar Sevindik
- Vocational School of Higher Education University of İzmir Demokrasi İzmir Turkey
| | - Onur Sevindik
- Cukurova University Central Research Laboratory (CUMERLAB) Adana Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Adana Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Cukurova University Adana Turkey
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Senthoorraja R, Subaharan K, Manjunath S, Pragadheesh VS, Bakthavatsalam N, Mohan MG, Senthil-Nathan S, Basavarajappa S. Electrophysiological, behavioural and biochemical effect of Ocimum basilicum oil and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool on Musca domestica L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50565-50578. [PMID: 33963471 PMCID: PMC8105153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) was evaluated for its biological effects on M. domestica. Characterization of O. basilicum EO revealed the presence of methyl chavicol (70.93%), linalool (9.34%), epi-α-cadinol (3.69 %), methyl eugenol (2.48%), γ-cadinene (1.67%), 1,8-cineole (1.30%) and (E)-β-ocimene (1.11%). The basil EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool elicited a neuronal response in female adults of M. domestica. Adult female flies showed reduced preference to food source laced with basil EO and methyl chavicol. Substrates treated with EO and methyl chavicol at 0.25% resulted in an oviposition deterrence of over 80%. A large ovicidal effect was found for O. basilicum EO (EC50 9.74 mg/dm3) followed by methyl chavicol (EC50 10.67 mg/dm3) and linalool (EC50 13.57 mg/dm3). Adults exposed to EO (LD50 10.01 μg/adult) were more susceptible to contact toxicity than to methyl chavicol and linalool (LD50 13.62 μg/adult and LD50 43.12 μg/adult respectively). EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool also induced the detoxifying enzymes Carboxyl esterase (Car E) and Glutathione S - transferases (GST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Senthoorraja
- Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 560024, India
- DOS in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Kesavan Subaharan
- Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 560024, India.
| | - Sowmya Manjunath
- Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - Vppalayam Shanmugam Pragadheesh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Regional Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nandagopal Bakthavatsalam
- Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - Muthu Gounder Mohan
- Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 560024, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
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Mao S, Liu X, Xia W. Chitosan oligosaccharide-g-linalool polymer as inhibitor of hyaluronidase and collagenase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1570-1577. [PMID: 33189750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was modified by grafting Linalool (Lin) on its backbone to improve its anti-inflammatory activity. By changing the molar ratios of COS to Lin, three different degrees of substitution COS-g-Lin1-3 were prepared. The degrees of substitution of derivatives were 0.65, 0.80 and 1.14 respectively. The structure of COS-g-Lin1-3 were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis in order to show the COS-g-Lin1-3 successfully synthesized. Besides, the thermal stability, solubility, pH stability as well as crystallinity were also investigated. The results revealed that the derivatives exhibited higher thermal stability and more remarkable anti-inflammatory property against hyaluronidase and collagenase than that of COS. The good biocompatibility made this novel material a promising and effective compound for anti-inflammatory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Kwon DY, Kim YB, Kim JK, Park SU. Production of rosmarinic acid and correlated gene expression in hairy root cultures of green and purple basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:35-43. [PMID: 32687005 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1789990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an active constituent of Ocimum basilicum. It has been shown that hairy root production (measured as dry weight) improves when green basil (O. basilicum "Cinnamon") is cultured under the light. In contrast, purple basil (O. basilicum "Purpurascens") shows greater hairy root production when cultured under dark conditions. The level of gene expression was highest in hairy roots of green basil under dark conditions for up to 1 week. Transcript levels were highest in hairy roots of purple basil under both dark and light conditions after 2 weeks of culturing. After 3 weeks of culture under light conditions, green basil had accumulated 1.9-fold higher RA content than that of purple basil, which in turn was fivefold higher than that of the natural roots (42.86 µg/mg). Tyrosine aminotransferase showed a higher transcript level when compared to the other phenylpropanoid pathway genes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and coenzyme-A ligase) in both dark and light conditions and in all-time regimens. RA accumulation was higher in the cultured hairy roots of green basil than those of purple basil under both light and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture & Fisheries, Kongjwipatjwi-Ro, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Pejčić M, Stojanović-Radić Z, Genčić M, Dimitrijević M, Radulović N. Anti-virulence potential of basil and sage essential oils: Inhibition of biofilm formation, motility and pyocyanin production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111431. [PMID: 32417365 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oils on selected virulence factors (biofilm formation, mature biofilm resistance, motility, and pyocyanin production) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates were evaluated in the present study for the first time. The two essential oils were chemically characterized by GC and GC-MS analyses. Linalool and (E)-anethole were found to be the main components of the investigated basil oil, while α-thujone and camphor were the major constituents of the studied sage essential oil. The oils inhibited biofilm formation up to 99.9% vs control, and significant reductions (74.7-99.9%) were also noted when the oils were applied to mature biofilms. Likewise, swimming, swarming, and twitching motility patterns were highly affected by both oils. The basil and sage oils reduced pyocyanin production by 13.32-55.6% and 5.0-58.7%, respectively. Thus, basil and sage essential oils are potentially highly efficient antipseudomonal agents that could be used against both acute and chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pejčić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Marija Genčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
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Kim MG, Kim SM, Min JH, Kwon OK, Park MH, Park JW, Ahn HI, Hwang JY, Oh SR, Lee JW, Ahn KS. Anti-inflammatory effects of linalool on ovalbumin-induced pulmonary inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105706. [PMID: 31254955 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Linalool is a natural product present in fruits and aromatic plants with biological activities. Researchers have reported that the inhalation of linalool exerts anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of linalool on airway inflammation and mucus overproduction in mice with allergic asthma. Oral administration of linalool significantly inhibited the levels of eosinophil numbers, Th2 cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE) caused by ovalbumin (OVA) exposure. Linalool exerted preventive effects against the influx of inflammatory cells and mucus hypersecretion in the lung tissues. Linalool also dose-dependently decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and protein kinase B (AKT) activation in the lung tissues. Linalool effectively downregulated the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) caused by OVA exposure. Furthermore, linalool exerted inhibitory effect on OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In the in vitro study, the increased secretion of MCP-1 was attenuated with linalool treatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated H292 airway epithelial cells. In conclusion, linalool effectively exerts a protective role in OVA-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, and its protective effects are closely related to the downregulation of inflammatory mediators and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gu Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeong Park
- Laboratory Animal Resources Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Hwang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Raying Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea.
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Kalily E, Hollander A, Korin B, Cymerman I, Yaron S. Adaptation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg to Linalool and Its Association with Antibiotic Resistance and Environmental Persistence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e03398-16. [PMID: 28258149 PMCID: PMC5411494 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03398-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg, isolated from an outbreak linked to the herb Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), has been shown to be resistant to basil oil and to the terpene alcohol linalool. To better understand how human pathogens might develop resistance to linalool and to investigate the association of this resistance with resistance to different antimicrobial agents, selective pressure was applied to the wild-type strain by sequential exposure to increasing concentrations of linalool. The results demonstrated that S Senftenberg adapted to linalool with a MIC increment of at least 8-fold, which also resulted in better resistance to basil oil and better survival on harvested basil leaves. Adaptation to linalool was shown to confer cross protection against the antibiotics trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, increasing their MICs by 2- to 32-fold. The improved resistance was shown to correlate with multiple phenotypes that included changes in membrane fatty acid composition, induced efflux, reduced influx, controlled motility, and the ability to form larger aggregates in the presence of linalool. The adaptation to linalool obtained in vitro did not affect survival on the basil phyllosphere in planta and even diminished survival in soil, suggesting that development of extreme resistance to linalool may be accompanied by a loss of fitness. Altogether, this report notes the concern regarding the ability of human pathogens to develop resistance to commercial essential oils, a resistance that is also associated with cross-resistance to antibiotics and may endanger public health.IMPORTANCE Greater consumer awareness and concern regarding synthetic chemical additives have led producers to control microbial spoilage and hazards by the use of natural preservatives, such as plant essential oils with antimicrobial activity. This report establishes, however, that these compounds may provoke the emergence of resistant human pathogens. Herein, we demonstrate the acquisition of resistance to basil oil by Salmonella Senftenberg. Exposure to linalool, a component of basil oil, resulted in adaptation to the basil oil mixture, as well as cross protection against several antibiotics and better survival on harvested basil leaves. Collectively, this work highlights the hazard to public health while using plant essential oils without sufficient knowledge about their influence on pathogens at subinhibitory concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kalily
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Hollander
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Cymerman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sima Yaron
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Kwon DY, Li X, Kim JK, Park SU. Molecular cloning and characterization of rosmarinic acid biosynthetic genes and rosmarinic acid accumulation in Ocimum basilicum L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:469-472. [PMID: 30899160 PMCID: PMC6408686 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have aimed to investigate the expression of genes related to rosmarinic acid (RA) synthesis and rosmarinic acid content in 2 Ocimum basilicum cultivars, green (cinnamon) and purple (red rubin) basil. Specifically, genes related to rosmarinic acid biosynthesis were cloned and characterized for O. basilicum. We obtained partial cDNAs of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR), which were of 323 bp and 616 bp in size, respectively. The transcription levels of most genes related to rosmarinic acid synthesis were higher in green basil compared to purple basil, except for ObPAL and Ob4CL in the root. The highest expression was obtained in the leaves of green basil for all genes and the roots of purple basil for all genes, except for TAT. The highest rosmarinic acid content was obtained in the leaves of both cultivars, with higher RA accumulating in green basil compared to purple basil. The leaves had the highest RA content out of all plant organs, with the RA accumulation in the leaves of green basil being 1.64 times higher compared to purple basil. Further study is required to investigate whether a similar trend is observed across O. basilicum cultivars of different color types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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