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Wahyuningtyas ED, Triwardhani A, Ardani IGAW, Surboyo MDC. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:73-85. [PMID: 37311556 PMCID: PMC10959605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine has an important part in promoting and maintaining human health. One of them was grape seed extract (GSE). Various potentials of GSE in human health have been explored, and its potential for maintaining bone health is promising. Some initial research has provided evidence that the GSE was able to affect bone remodeling (bone resorption and bone formation). This scoping review analyzed and discussed all the reports on the effect of GSE on bone healing and bone remodeling in animals in the alveolar bone, jaw bone, and skeletal bone. The further purpose is to give an opportunity to research and development of supplementation of GSE for humans.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to compose this scoping review through database on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and manual search until December 2022. The inclusion criteria were a study that analyzed the effect of supplementation GSE on all bones.All included study was in vivo study with supplementation of GSE. The supplementation of GSE affects the alveolar bone, jaw bones, and skeletal bone by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis pathways, and osteoclastogenesis. It not only supports bone remodeling in bone inflammation, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and arthritis but also the GSE increases bone health by increasing the density and mineral deposition in trabecula and cortical bone.The supplementation of GSE supports bone remodeling by interfering with the inflammation process and bone formation not only by preventing bone resorption but also by maintaining bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Triwardhani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Wang M, Wu S, Yang B, Ye M, Tan J, Zan L, Yang W. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Improve the Quality of Fresh and Cryopreserved Semen in Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2781. [PMID: 37685044 PMCID: PMC10486383 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to a decrease in semen quality during semen cryopreservation and fresh semen production. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are endowed with well-recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of GSPs on the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen to provide a basis for GSPs as a new dietary additive and semen diluent additive for males' reproduction. Fresh semen from three healthy bulls aged 3 to 5 years old were gathered and mixed with semen diluents dissolved with 0 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 60 µg/mL GSPs respectively. The motility, physiological structures (acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity), and antioxidant capacity of frozen-thawed sperm were measured after storage in liquid nitrogen for 7 days (d). Bulls were fed with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) GSPs in their diet for 60 days; the weight of the bull is about 600 kg. Then, the reproductive performance and antioxidant indexes of bulls were measured before and after feeding. The results demonstrated that GSPs supplementation significantly increased sperm motility, physiological structures, GSH-Px, and CAT enzyme activities and significantly decreased MDA content in sperm during semen cryopreservation. The optimal concentration of GSPs was 40 µg/mL (p < 0.05). After 20 mg/kg (body weight) GSP supplementation, sperm motility was significantly heightened (p < 0.05), the sperm deformity rate was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and antioxidant enzyme activities (such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), and the production of MDA was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) in serum compared with that before feeding. In conclusion, these results reveal that a certain concentration of GSPs has a good protective effect on sperm damage caused by semen cryopreservation and the reproductive performance reduction caused by stress in bulls, which may be attributed to the antioxidant function of GSPs. In summary, GSPs are a useful cryoprotective adjuvant and dietary additive for bull sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.W.); (S.W.); (B.Y.); (M.Y.); (J.T.); (L.Z.)
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Gutiérrez-Álzate K, Rosario ILS, de Jesus RLC, Maciel LF, Santos SA, de Souza CO, Vieira CP, Cavalheiro CP, Costa MPD. Physicochemical, Rheological, and Nutritional Quality of Artisanal Fermented Milk Beverages with Cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum) Pulp and Flour. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112217. [PMID: 37297462 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of fruits and their by-products in food has dramatically impacted the food industry due to the nutritional benefits and the technological and sensory effects of food matrices. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) pulp and flour on fermented milk beverages' physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties during refrigerated storage (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Twelve formulations were realized with different percentages of cupuassu pulp (0, 5, 7.5, and 10% w/v) and flour (0, 1.5, and 3% w/v). The treatments with 3% cupuassu flour presented the highest percentages of protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrates, compared with the samples containing pulp. On the other hand, the addition of pulp increased water retention capacity and color parameters (L*, a*, b*, and C*) and decreased pH and syneresis on day 0 of storage. During storage, the samples with pulp showed increases in pH values, consistency index, and apparent viscosity. In comparison, cupuassu flour addition decreased syneresis values and increased L* and b* during storage, as did pulp. In addition, sample HPHF (10% pulp and 3% cupuassu flour), based on just-about-right, penalty, and check-all-that-apply analyses, improved some sensory attributes of the fermented milk beverage, such as brown color, acid taste, bitter taste, cupuassu flavor, and firm texture. It can be concluded that cupuassu pulp and flour addition improves the physicochemical and sensory quality of fermented milk beverages and can provide nutritional value to the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gutiérrez-Álzate
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Iuri L S Rosario
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafael L C de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Maciel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Stefanie A Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina O de Souza
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Cavalheiro
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Carnes e Derivados (LabCarne), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
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Sandner G, Stadlbauer V, Sadova N, Neuhauser C, Schwarzinger B, Karlsberger L, Hangweirer K, Antensteiner K, Stallinger A, Aumiller T, Weghuber J. Grape seed extract improves intestinal barrier integrity and performance: Evidence from in vitro, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster experiments and a study with growing broilers. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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5
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Ding Z, Chen W, Jiang F, Mo M, Bi Y, Kong F. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro digestion of folate conjugated chitosan-loaded proanthocyanidins nanoparticles. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112141. [PMID: 36596096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have significant biological activity and pharmacological effects and are widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with proanthocyanidins have been proven to improve their biological activity. Given some deficiencies of chitosan (CS), the modification of chitosan by folic acid (FA) can obtain new variants with different functions. For this objective, the folic acid conjugated chitosan was designed, and in vitro properties of proanthocyanidins loaded nanoparticles were studied systemically. Firstly, folic acid-chitosan conjugate (FA-CS) was synthesized and characterized. Folate-coupled chitosan-loaded proanthocyanidin nanoparticles (PC-CS/FA-NPs) were prepared by ionic gelation technique using FA-CS as a carrier. The successful nanoparticle synthesis was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape and smooth and uniform distribution features with a size range of less than 300 nm, as observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, PC-CS/FA-NPs had good thermal and gastrointestinal digestive stability and had a protective effect on AAPH-induced erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis. In conclusion, folic acid decorated chitosan nanoparticles improved the stability and bioavailability of proanthocyanidins in gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengmiao Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongguang Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fansheng Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum: Botany, Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Pods and Seeds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243966. [PMID: 36553708 PMCID: PMC9778104 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and cupuassu are evergreen Amazonian trees belonging to the genus Theobroma, with morphologically distinct fruits, including pods and beans. These beans are generally used for agri-food and cosmetics and have high fat and carbohydrates contents. The beans also contain interesting bioactive compounds, among which are polyphenols and methylxanthines thought to be responsible for various health benefits such as protective abilities against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders and other metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Although these pods represent 50-80% of the whole fruit and provide a rich source of proteins, they are regularly eliminated during the cocoa and cupuassu transformation process. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview of recent research on cocoa and cupuassu pods and beans, with emphasis on their chemical composition, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. According to the literature, pods and beans from cocoa and cupuassu are promising ecological and healthy resources.
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Majeed U, Shafi A, Majeed H, Akram K, Liu X, Ye J, Luo Y. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) phytochemicals and their biochemical protective mechanisms against leading pathologies. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Biosynthesis and medicinal applications of proanthocyanidins: A recent update. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172188. [PMID: 36077907 PMCID: PMC9454507 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.
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Cultivar Differences on Nutraceuticals of Grape Juices and Seeds. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nutraceutical properties of fruit juice and seeds, which are important for human health, of green (Kabarcik, Cavus), red (red Globe) and black (Honusu, Yildiz, Yediveren and Helvani) skin colored grape cultivars grown in same ecological conditions were investigated. Harvest period, number of seeds, cluster form, cluster weight, berry weight, berry color and usage area were determined as morphological parameters. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for total phenol content analysis. The total antioxidant status of juices and seeds of grape cultivars have been determined by 2,2–diphenyl−1–picryl-hydrazyl–hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Seeds of all grape cultivars exhibited higher nutraceuticals than fruit juices. Total phenolic content of seed samples was found to be quite variable in range of 1.90 mg GAE/g (cv. Yildiz)–3.46 mg GAE/g (cv. Honusu) fresh weight base (FW), indicating 2 folds of differences between green and black grape cultivars. Green and black cultivars also showed the lowest and the highest total phenolic content in juices between 1.69 (cv. Yediveren) and 2.45 (cv. Honusu mg GAE/g FW). Seeds and fruit juices of all cultivars analyzed showed high antioxidant capacity and total phenol content. Of all different colored cultivars, black peel-colored cultivars had the highest values and combined better morphological and nutraceutical traits with an excellent berry qualitative profile for cv. Honusu and Helvani.
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zou L, Cao H, Ni X, Xiao J. Dietary proanthocyanidins on gastrointestinal health and the interactions with gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6285-6308. [PMID: 35114875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PAC) on improving gastrointestinal physiological functions. This review aims to present a comprehensive perspective by focusing on structural properties, interactions and gastrointestinal protection of PAC. In brief, the main findings of this review are summarized as follows: (1) Structural features are critical factors in determining the bioavailability and subsequent pharmacology of PAC; (2) PAC and/or their bacterial metabolites can play a direct role in the gastrointestinal tract through their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties; (3) PAC can reduce the digestion, absorption, and bioavailability of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids by interacting with them or their according enzymes and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract; (4). PAC showed a prebiotic-like effect by interacting with the microflora in the intestinal tract, and the enhancement of PAC on a variety of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. could be associated with potential benefits to human health. In conclusion, the potential effects of PAC in prevention and alleviation of gastrointestinal diseases are remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Iqbal A, Schulz P, Rizvi SS. Valorization of bioactive compounds in fruit pomace from agro-fruit industries: Present Insights and future challenges. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mu C, Hao X, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Effects of high-concentrate diet supplemented with grape seed procyanidins on the colonic fermentation, colonic morphology, and inflammatory response in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ding Z, Mo M, Zhang K, Bi Y, Kong F. Preparation, characterization and biological activity of proanthocyanidin-chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:43-51. [PMID: 34364936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, proanthocyanidin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PC-CS-NPs) were produced using ionotropic gelation and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The synthesized nanoparticles were smaller than 300 nm and had a spherical shape, smooth topography and homogenous morphology as observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro release study showed that proanthocyanidins (PC) had a sustainable release from PC-CS-NPs in different buffer media. PC-CS-NPs had higher or comparable potency in scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals as compared to native drugs. Furthermore, PC-CS-NPs also inhibited the growth of four bacteria species, whose degree of inhibition depended on the bacterial strain. The results of SEM confirmed the changes in the microstructure of bacteria. Our findings support the use of chitosan nanoparticles to encapsulate PC and improve its bioactivity in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengmiao Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongguang Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fansheng Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225311. [PMID: 33202575 PMCID: PMC7696942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.
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García Fillería SF, Rodríguez M, Tironi VA. Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13552. [PMID: 33145815 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect on Wistar rat's oxidative status of incorporating amaranth flour (AF) and protein isolate (AI) in increased-fat diets. Five of the groups were fed for 4 weeks with either BD (basal diet), Chol+F (2% cholesterol, 10% porcine fat), Chol+F+E (0.005% α-tocopherol), Chol+F+AF1 or Chol+F+AI1 (25% of protein replacement) diets. The other two groups were fed for 4 weeks with Chol+F and then 1 week with Chol+F+AF2 or Chol+F+AI2 diet (50% of protein replacement). Various effects on the oxidative stress biomarkers in tissues (intestine and liver) were observed. These effects were dependent on the ingredients, dose, and administration time. In the intestinal cells, Chol+F+AF1 and Chol+F+AI2 produced an increment in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content (56% and 39%, respectively), while Chol+F+AF2 induced an increment in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) (25%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (46%) activities. The presence of certain components in flour (e.g., fiber, polyphenols, squalene) could explain the higher activity recorded for AF. In the liver, Chol+F+AF2 produced a decrease in SOD (19%) and GSH (36%), as well as an increase in GPx (255%); Chol+F+AI1 and Chol+F+AI2 also produced a decrease in GSH (36% and 24%, respectively) and important increments in GPx activity (273% for Chol+F+AI1 and 2,900% for Chol+F+AI2 ). These effects were dependent on the AI dose and were probably produced by absorbed peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is known that redox imbalances are involved in the genesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent them or limit their severity by improving the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms through dietary incorporation of antioxidant substances. The results suggest that amaranth protein isolate and amaranth flour have the potential for regulating intestinal and liver cells redox balance; effects were more evident when they contributed 50% of the diet's protein content and were administered for 1 week. Both amaranth ingredients could be used as ingredients in the development of functional foods with beneficial antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F García Fillería
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariela Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Tironi
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Martins IM, Macedo GA, Macedo JA. Biotransformed grape pomace as a potential source of anti-inflammatory polyphenolics: Effects in Caco-2 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Unusan N. Proanthocyanidins in grape seeds: An updated review of their health benefits and potential uses in the food industry. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kaschubek T, Mayer E, Rzesnik S, Grenier B, Bachinger D, Schieder C, König J, Teichmann K. Effects of phytogenic feed additives on cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in intestinal porcine epithelial cells1. J Anim Sci 2020; 96:3657-3669. [PMID: 29982751 PMCID: PMC6127757 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing concerns about the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in livestock production and their complete ban in the European Union in 2006, suitable alternatives are urgently needed. Among others, anti-inflammatory activities of AGP are discussed as their putative mode of action. As numerous phytochemicals are known to modulate the cellular antioxidant capacity and immune response, we studied the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of a phytogenic (plant-derived) feed additive (PFA) in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The effects of the PFA were compared with those of selected phytogenic ingredients (grape seed extract [GRS], licorice extract [LIC], menthol [MENT], methyl salicylate [MES], oak bark extract [OAK], oregano essential oil [ORE], and a plant powder mix [PLA]), and with the effects of the AGP tylosin (TYL). Oxidative or inflammatory stress was induced by stimulating IPEC-J2 with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.5 mM) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; 10 ng/mL), respectively. The antioxidative effects of feed additives were assessed with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive probe and by measuring the expression of 6 antioxidative target genes via quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Anti-inflammatory potential was analyzed using a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) reporter gene assay. Moreover, the expression levels of 6 NF-κB target genes were measured using RT-qPCR analysis, and the release of IL-6 was analyzed via ELISA. Significant decreases in cellular ROS upon H2O2 treatment were observed for the PFA (P < 0.001), LIC (P < 0.001), ORE (P < 0.05), and GRS (P < 0.01). No significant changes in the expression of antioxidative genes were found. NF-κB activation upon TNF-α treatment was significantly inhibited by the PFA (P < 0.05) and by ORE (P < 0.001). Moreover, the PFA and ORE significantly reduced the gene expression of IL-6 (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P < 0.001), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; P < 0.05), as well as the release of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The other phytogenic compounds as well as the AGP TYL did not significantly affect any of the inflammatory parameters. In summary, we revealed the antioxidative properties of the PFA, LIC, ORE, and GRS, as well as anti-inflammatory properties of the PFA and ORE in IPEC-J2, providing a better understanding of the mode of action of this PFA under our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kaschubek
- BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Costa GN, Tonon RV, Mellinger-Silva C, Galdeano MC, Iacomini M, Santiago MC, Almeida EL, Freitas SP. Grape seed pomace as a valuable source of antioxidant fibers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4593-4601. [PMID: 30891761 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seed pomace is a valuable by-product from winery/oil extraction industries and a potential source of bioactive compounds. Hot water extraction is the most widely used technology for polysaccharide recovery from plant and seed sources. To obtain an antioxidant fiber-rich extract (AFE) from defatted grape seed pomace, seed:water ratio (1:10-1:20) and extraction temperature (70-90 °C) effects on extraction yield, total sugars, total phenolic compounds and condensed tannins were investigated. RESULTS The best extraction results were achieved at the highest seed:water ratio and temperature. At these conditions, the extraction yield and total sugar content of the freeze-dried AFE were 100.1 g kg-1 and 725.3 g kg-1 , respectively. The AFE presented high total phenolic content (16.2 g GAE kg-1 ), condensed tannins (515.1 mg CAT kg-1 ), soluble (219.1 g kg-1 ) and insoluble fibers (132.4 g kg-1 ), besides protein (171.1 g kg-1 ) and ash (152.6 g kg-1 ). The antioxidant capacity of the AFE was 382.7, 823.7 and 1439.4 μmol Trolox g-1 for DPPH, ABTS and ORAC methods. CONCLUSION The AFE was shown to be not only an interesting source of fiber with antioxidant capacity, which could become a potential foodstuff, but also an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to use grape seed pomace. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Ns Costa
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco E, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata V Tonon
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Melicia C Galdeano
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Manuela Cpa Santiago
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eveline L Almeida
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco E, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suely P Freitas
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco E, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Efficacy of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides Root Extract in Reducing P. gingivalis Viability While Preserving Oral Commensal S. salivarius. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091499. [PMID: 30135370 PMCID: PMC6164244 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the disruption of beneficial microbiota are key problems in contemporary medicine and make the search for new, more efficient infection treatment strategies among the most important tasks in medicine. Multicomponent plant-derived preparations with mild antibacterial activity created by many simultaneous mechanisms together with anti-inflammatory, innate immune and regenerative capacity-stimulating properties are good candidates for this therapy, and proanthocyanidins are among the most promising compounds of this sort. In this study, we have isolated proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract and characterized and compared the composition, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of the proanthocyanidin fraction with those of the whole extract. The results revealed that proanthocyanidins had significantly stronger antioxidant capacity compared to the root extract and exhibited a unique antibacterial action profile that selectively targets Gram-negative keystone periodontal and peri-implant pathogenic strains, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, while preserving the viability of beneficial oral commensal Streptococcus salivarius. The finding suggests that proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides root extract are good candidates for the prolonged and harmless treatment of infectious diseases.
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22
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Self-selection of plant bioactive compounds by sheep in response to challenge infection with Haemonchus contortus. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:302-310. [PMID: 29906471 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant bioactives can potentially benefit herbivores through their effects on health and nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of polyphenols and terpenes on the ability of lambs to self-select these compounds when challenged by a parasitic infection and the subsequent impact on their health and productivity. Thirty-five lambs were housed in individual pens and assigned to five treatment groups (7 animals/group), where they received: 1) A basal diet of beet pulp:soybean meal (90:10) (CONTROL); 2) The same diet, but containing 0.3% of bioactive natural plant compounds extracted from grape, olive and pomegranate (BNP); 3) A simultaneous offer of the diets offered to the Control and BNP groups (Choice-Parasitized; CHP-1); 4) The Control diet, and when lambs developed a parasitic infection, the choice described for CHP-1 (CHP-2); and 5) The same choice as CHP-1, but animals did not experience a parasitic burden (Choice-Non-Parasitized; CHNP). Lambs, except CHNP, were dosed with 10,000 L3 stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Infected lambs under choice treatments (CHP-1 and CHP-2) modified their feeding behavior in relation to the CHNP group as they increased their preference for the feed containing polyphenols and terpenes, interpreted as a behavior aimed at increasing the likelihood of encountering medicinal compounds and nutrients in the environment that restore health. This change in behavior corresponded with an improvement in feed conversion efficiency. However, an increased preference for the diet with added plant bioactives did not have an effect on parasitic burdens, hematological parameters, blood oxidation, or serum concentration of IgE.
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23
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Xianchu L, Ming L, Xiangbin L, Lan Z. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract supplementation affects exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1421. [PMID: 29904333 PMCID: PMC5995222 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has been extensively reported to possess a wide range of beneficial properties in multiple tissue damage. Previous studies have shown that exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue associates with oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of GSPE in mice and explore its possible underlying mechanism. Design The mouse model of exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue was established by using the forced swimming test, and GSPE was orally treated for successive 28 days at 0, 1, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day of body weight, designated the control, GSPE-L, GSPE-M and GSPE-H groups, respectively. Results The presented results showed that treatment of GSPE at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day of body weight significantly relieved exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue, indicated by increasing the forced swimming time. In addition, treatment of GSPE significantly improved the creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase, as well as lactic acid level in exhaustive swimming. For underlying mechanisms, treatment of GSPE had anti-fatigue effects by promoting antioxidant ability and resisting oxidative effect, as represented by increased total antioxidative capability levels, enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and ameliorated malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, treatment of GSPE significantly inhibited the activity of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which suggested that its protective effects on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue may be attributed to inhibition of inflammatory response. Last but not the least, treatment of GSPE significantly improved succinate dehydrogenase and Na+-K+-ATPase levels to enhance mitochondrial function during exhaustive swimming-induced fatigue. Conclusions These results proved that treatment of GSPE possessed the beneficial properties of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial protection to improve exhaustive exercise, which suggested that GSPE could be used as an effective functional food to delay fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xianchu
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan Province, Changde, China.,Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Ming
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan Province, Changde, China.,Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Xiangbin
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Lan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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24
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Miyauchi T, Uchida Y, Kadono K, Hirao H, Kawasoe J, Watanabe T, Ueda S, Jobara K, Kaido T, Okajima H, Terajima H, Uemoto S. Preventive Effect of Antioxidative Nutrient-Rich Enteral Diet Against Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 43:133-144. [PMID: 29870084 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major problem associated with liver surgery. This study is aimed to compare the preventive effect of an antioxidative nutrient-rich enteral diet (Ao diet) with an ordinal enteral diet (control diet) against liver IRI. METHODS The Ao diet was an ordinary diet comprising polyphenols (catechin and proanthocyanidin) and enhanced levels of vitamins C and E. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed the Ao or control diet for 7 days before ischemic insult for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 6 hours. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS After 7 days of pretreatment with the Ao diet, the serum levels of vitamins C and E in mice were markedly elevated. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the scores of liver necrosis caused by ischemia and reperfusion, were significantly lower in the Ao diet group than in the control diet group. The gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-6 and CXCL1, were significantly lower in the Ao diet group. In the liver, the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2 were significantly higher and the malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the Ao diet group. Cell adhesion molecule expression was significantly lower, and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was less in the Ao diet group. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidative nutrient supplementation to an ordinary enteral diet may mitigate liver IRI by causing an antioxidant effect and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Miyauchi
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junya Kawasoe
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shugo Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanta Jobara
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang YP, Liu SY, Sun QY, Ren J, Liu HX, Li H. Proanthocyanidin B2 attenuates high-glucose-induced neurotoxicity of dorsal root ganglion neurons through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1628-1636. [PMID: 30127125 PMCID: PMC6126122 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose affects primary afferent neurons in dorsal root ganglia by inhibiting neurite elongation, causing oxidative stress, and inducing neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which finally result in neuronal damage. Proanthocyanidin, a potent antioxidant, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. Proanthocyanidin B2 is a common dimer of oligomeric proanthocyanidins. To date, no studies have reported the neuroprotective effects of proanthocyanidin B2 against high-glucose-related neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. In this study, 10 µg/mL proanthocyanidin B2 was used to investigate its effect on 45 mM high-glucose-cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. We observed that challenge with high levels of glucose increased neuronal reactive oxygen species and promoted apoptosis, decreased cell viability, inhibited outgrowth of neurites, and decreased growth-associated protein 43 protein and mRNA levels. Proanthocyanidin B2 administration reversed the neurotoxic effects caused by glucose challenge. Blockage of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway with 10 µM LY294002 eliminated the protective effects of proanthocyanidin B2. Therefore, proanthocyanidin B2 might be a potential novel agent for the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian-Yu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Pereira ALF, Feitosa WSC, Abreu VKG, Lemos TDO, Gomes WF, Narain N, Rodrigues S. Impact of fermentation conditions on the quality and sensory properties of a probiotic cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) beverage. Food Res Int 2017; 100:603-611. [PMID: 28873727 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the conditions of fermentation pH and temperature and also the fermentation time of Lactobacillus casei in the cupuassu (tropical fruit native to the Brazilian Amazon) beverage. The sugars, organic acids, and antioxidant activity during the fermentation also were investigated. The sensory characteristics were also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of expectation on the acceptability of probiotic and symbiotic cupuassu beverages was rated under three conditions. The blind (consumers were informed that the samples were probiotic and symbiotic beverages and they tasted them); expected (only nutritional claims in short text were informed) and informed (consumers were asked to evaluate the product when they had nutritional information). The conditions for probiotic beverage production were initial pH5.8, the temperature of 30°C, and 18h of fermentation. L. casei had viability higher than 9.34LogCFU/mL with 18h of fermentation. The fructose was the most consumed sugar (84.76%), followed by sucrose (62.10%) and glucose (34.52%). The antioxidant activity increased during the fermentation. The organic acids present in the cupuassu (citric, ascorbic and quinic acids) also supported L. casei growth, being consumed during the fermentation improving the nutritional value of the beverage. The acceptance of the probiotic drink increased when the juice was presented to the informed tasters. Therefore, the nutrition claims were effective in increasing the acceptance. The probiotic cupuassu beverage was well accepted as an alternative functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Fernandes Pereira
- Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, 65900-410 Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Wallaff Sammk Corrêa Feitosa
- Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, 65900-410 Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Kelly Gonçalves Abreu
- Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, 65900-410 Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Oliveira Lemos
- Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, 65900-410 Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Wesley Faria Gomes
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus do Pici, Bloco 851, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Narendra Narain
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus do Pici, Bloco 851, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitaria, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Fantinelli JC, Cuéllar Álvarez LN, González Arbeláez LF, Ciocci Pardo A, Galeano García PL, Schinella GR, Mosca SM. Acute treatment with copoazú fermented extract ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via eNOS activation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Genome size, cytogenetic data and transferability of EST-SSRs markers in wild and cultivated species of the genus Theobroma L. (Byttnerioideae, Malvaceae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170799. [PMID: 28187131 PMCID: PMC5302445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Theobroma comprises several trees species native to the Amazon. Theobroma cacao L. plays a key economic role mainly in the chocolate industry. Both cultivated and wild forms are described within the genus. Variations in genome size and chromosome number have been used for prediction purposes including the frequency of interspecific hybridization or inference about evolutionary relationships. In this study, the nuclear DNA content, karyotype and genetic diversity using functional microsatellites (EST-SSR) of seven Theobroma species were characterized. The nuclear content of DNA for all analyzed Theobroma species was 1C = ~ 0.46 pg. These species presented 2n = 20 with small chromosomes and only one pair of terminal heterochromatic bands positively stained (CMA+/DAPI− bands). The small size of Theobroma ssp. genomes was equivalent to other Byttnerioideae species, suggesting that the basal lineage of Malvaceae have smaller genomes and that there was an expansion of 2C values in the more specialized family clades. A set of 20 EST-SSR primers were characterized for related species of Theobroma, in which 12 loci were polymorphic. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.23 to 0.65, indicating a high level of information per locus. Combined results of flow cytometry, cytogenetic data and EST-SSRs markers will contribute to better describe the species and infer about the evolutionary relationships among Theobroma species. In addition, the importance of a core collection for conservation purposes is highlighted.
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Porcelli L, Iacobazzi RM, Quatrale AE, Bergamini C, Denora N, Crupi P, Antonacci D, Mangia A, Simone G, Silvestris N, Azzariti A. Grape seed extracts modify the outcome of oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells by interfering with cellular mechanisms of drug cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50845-50863. [PMID: 28881609 PMCID: PMC5584210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape seed extracts are commonly utilized as dietary supplements for their antioxidant properties, even from cancer patients. However, whether these natural extracts interfere with chemotherapeutics utilized in colon cancer treatment is still poorly investigated. The cytotoxicity of extracts from Italia and Palieri cultivars either alone or in combination with oxaliplatin was evaluated in colon cancer cells. Grape seed extracts displayed anti-proliferative activity depending on the concentration utilized through apoptosis induction. In combination, they affected the activation of Erk1/2 and counteracted the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, the DNA damage and the generation of ROS induced by oxaliplatin. Noteworthy grape seed extracts strongly enhanced the uptake of oxaliplatin into all cells, by affecting the cell transport system of platinum. The addition of these natural extracts to oxaliplatin strongly reduced the cellular response to oxaliplatin and allowed a huge accumulation of platinum into cells. Here, we shed light on the chemical biology underlying the combination of grape seed extracts and oxaliplatin, demonstrating that they might be detrimental to oxaliplatin effectiveness in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Elisa Quatrale
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Donato Antonacci
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathological Anatomy, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Martins IM, Macedo GA, Macedo JA, Roberto BS, Chen Q, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Tannase enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of grape pomace in Caco-2 cells treated with IL-1β. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Granato D, Santos JS, Maciel LG, Nunes DS. Chemical perspective and criticism on selected analytical methods used to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds in food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evaluation of the distribution and metabolism of polyphenols derived from cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum ) in mice gastrointestinal tract by UPLC-ESI-QTOF. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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