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Koumaki D, Manios G, Papadakis M, Doxastaki A, Zacharopoulos GV, Katoulis A, Manios A. Color Analysis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Study with Cherry Angiomas, Hemangiomas, Basal Cell Carcinomas, and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 38275477 PMCID: PMC10814937 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is recognized as one of the most malignant skin tumors. Its rarity might explain the limited exploration of digital color studies in this area. The objective of this study was to delineate color alterations in MCCs compared to benign lesions resembling MCC, such as cherry angiomas and hemangiomas, along with other non-melanoma skin cancer lesions like basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), utilizing computer-aided digital color analysis. This was a retrospective study where clinical images of the color of the lesion and adjacent normal skin from 11 patients with primary MCC, 11 patients with cherry angiomas, 12 patients with hemangiomas, and 12 patients with BCC/SCC (totaling 46 patients) were analyzed using the RGB (red, green, and blue) and the CIE Lab color system. The Lab color system aided in estimating the Individual Typology Angle (ITA) change in the skin, and these results are documented in this study. It was demonstrated that the estimation of color components can assist in the differential diagnosis of these types of lesions because there were significant differences in color parameters between MCC and other categories of skin lesions such as hemangiomas, common skin carcinomas, and cherry hemangiomas. Significant differences in values were observed in the blue color of RGB (p = 0.003) and the b* parameter of Lab color (p < 0.0001) of MCC versus cherry angiomas. Similarly, the mean a* value of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) compared to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate the clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Georgios Manios
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece;
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, Witten/Herdecke University, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283 Witten, Germany;
| | - Aikaterini Doxastaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | | | - Alexander Katoulis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andreas Manios
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.V.Z.); (A.M.)
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Gutiérrez-Álzate K, Rosario ILS, de Jesus RLC, Maciel LF, Santos SA, de Souza CO, Vieira CP, Cavalheiro CP, Costa MPD. Physicochemical, Rheological, and Nutritional Quality of Artisanal Fermented Milk Beverages with Cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum) Pulp and Flour. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112217. [PMID: 37297462 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of fruits and their by-products in food has dramatically impacted the food industry due to the nutritional benefits and the technological and sensory effects of food matrices. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) pulp and flour on fermented milk beverages' physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties during refrigerated storage (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Twelve formulations were realized with different percentages of cupuassu pulp (0, 5, 7.5, and 10% w/v) and flour (0, 1.5, and 3% w/v). The treatments with 3% cupuassu flour presented the highest percentages of protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrates, compared with the samples containing pulp. On the other hand, the addition of pulp increased water retention capacity and color parameters (L*, a*, b*, and C*) and decreased pH and syneresis on day 0 of storage. During storage, the samples with pulp showed increases in pH values, consistency index, and apparent viscosity. In comparison, cupuassu flour addition decreased syneresis values and increased L* and b* during storage, as did pulp. In addition, sample HPHF (10% pulp and 3% cupuassu flour), based on just-about-right, penalty, and check-all-that-apply analyses, improved some sensory attributes of the fermented milk beverage, such as brown color, acid taste, bitter taste, cupuassu flavor, and firm texture. It can be concluded that cupuassu pulp and flour addition improves the physicochemical and sensory quality of fermented milk beverages and can provide nutritional value to the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gutiérrez-Álzate
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Iuri L S Rosario
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafael L C de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Maciel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Stefanie A Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina O de Souza
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Cavalheiro
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Carnes e Derivados (LabCarne), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-115, BA, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador CEP 40170-110, BA, Brazil
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Mayer R, Turkbey B, Choyke P, Simone CB. Assessing and testing anomaly detection for finding prostate cancer in spatially registered multi-parametric MRI. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1033323. [PMID: 36698418 PMCID: PMC9869917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluating and displaying prostate cancer through non-invasive imagery such as Multi-Parametric MRI (MP-MRI) bolsters management of patients. Recent research quantitatively applied supervised target algorithms using vectoral tumor signatures to spatially registered T1, T2, Diffusion, and Dynamic Contrast Enhancement images. This is the first study to apply the Reed-Xiaoli (RX) multi-spectral anomaly detector (unsupervised target detector) to prostate cancer, which searches for voxels that depart from the background normal tissue, and detects aberrant voxels, presumably tumors. Methods MP-MRI (T1, T2, diffusion, dynamic contrast-enhanced images, or seven components) were prospectively collected from 26 patients and then resized, translated, and stitched to form spatially registered multi-parametric cubes. The covariance matrix (CM) and mean μ were computed from background normal tissue. For RX, noise was reduced for the CM by filtering out principal components (PC), regularization, and elliptical envelope minimization. The RX images were compared to images derived from the threshold Adaptive Cosine Estimator (ACE) and quantitative color analysis. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used for RX and reference images. To quantitatively assess algorithm performance, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and the Youden Index (YI) points for the ROC curves were computed. Results The patient average for the AUC and [YI] from ROC curves for RX from filtering 3 and 4 PC was 0.734[0.706] and 0.727[0.703], respectively, relative to the ACE images. The AUC[YI] for RX from modified Regularization was 0.638[0.639], Regularization 0.716[0.690], elliptical envelope minimization 0.544[0.597], and unprocessed CM 0.581[0.608] using the ACE images as Reference Image. The AUC[YI] for RX from filtering 3 and 4 PC was 0.742[0.711] and 0.740[0.708], respectively, relative to the quantitative color images. The AUC[YI] for RX from modified Regularization was 0.643[0.648], Regularization 0.722[0.695], elliptical envelope minimization 0.508[0.605], and unprocessed CM 0.569[0.615] using the color images as Reference Image. All standard errors were less than 0.020. Conclusions This first study of spatially registered MP-MRI applied anomaly detection using RX, an unsupervised target detection algorithm for prostate cancer. For RX, filtering out PC and applying Regularization achieved higher AUC and YI using ACE and color images as references than unprocessed CM, modified Regularization, and elliptical envelope minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulon Mayer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,OncoScore, Garrett Park, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Rulon Mayer,
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Charles B. Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Proton Center, New York, NY, United States,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Vitale I, Spano M, Puca V, Carradori S, Cesa S, Marinacci B, Sisto F, Roos S, Grompone G, Grande R. Antibiofilm activity and NMR-based metabolomic characterization of cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128275. [PMID: 36891385 PMCID: PMC9986594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial biofilm has been defined as a "key virulence factor" for a multitude of microorganisms associated with chronic infections. Its multifactorial nature and variability, as well as an increase in antimicrobial resistance, suggest the need to identify new compounds as alternatives to the commonly used antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiofilm activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) and its sub-fractions (SurE 10 K with a molecular weight <10 kDa and SurE with a molecular weight <30 kDa), produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, vs. biofilm-producing bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration (MBIC) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were determined via three different methods and an NMR metabolomic analysis of CFS and SurE 10K was performed to identify and quantify several compounds. Finally, the storage stability of these postbiotics was evaluated by a colorimetric assay by analyzing changes in the CIEL*a*b parameters. The CFS showed a promising antibiofilm activity against the biofilm developed by clinically relevant microorganisms. The NMR of CFS and SurE 10K identifies and quantifies several compounds, mainly organic acids and amino acids, with lactate being the most abundant metabolite in all the analyzed samples. The CFS and SurE 10 K were characterized by a similar qualitative profile, with the exception of formate and glycine detected only in the CFS. Finally, the CIEL*a*b parameters assess the better conditions to analyze and use these matrices for the correct preservation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Xie J, Peng G, Hu X, Xie J, Chen Y, Dong R, Si J, Yang C, Yu Q. Physicochemical Characteristics of Soluble Dietary Fiber Obtained from Grapefruit Peel Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Its Effects on Blueberry Jam. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223735. [PMID: 36429327 PMCID: PMC9689297 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate modification methods can increase the proportion of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, grapefruit peel insoluble dietary fiber (GP-IDF) was modified with the combined microwave and enzymatic method to obtain SDF. With regard to structural characterization, SDF from grapefruit peel IDF (GP-IDF-SDF) presented as a flat sheet with cracks, composed of a typical cellulose type I crystal, and had good stability below 200 °C. Galacturonic acid, arabinose and glucuronic acid were the main monosaccharide compositions, indicating that pectin might have been the principal component. Moreover, GP-IDF-SDF was excellent in water retention capacity (13.43 ± 1.19 g/g), oil retention capacity (22.10 ± 0.85 g/g) and glucose adsorption capacity (14.49 ± 0.068 mg/g). Thereafter, the effects of GP-IDF-SDF and commercial pectin addition on the color, rheology, texture and sensory properties of blueberry jam were compared. The results showed that the color of jam with GP-IDF-SDF was lighter. The addition of GP-IDF-SDF had less effects on the viscosity and gel strength of jam, but it enhanced the stability of jam. According to sensory data, the color, texture and spreadability of jam with GP-IDF-SDF or pectin were improved and more acceptable. Overall, GP-IDF-SDF had functional characteristics and played a positive role in jam, and it is expected to be a candidate for the development of functional food ingredients.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gaikwad A, Bajirao Jadhav A, Handa A, Bhamare R. Effect of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser Enamel Pre-Treatment on the Whitening Efficacy of a Bleaching Agent. Cureus 2022; 14:e31325. [PMID: 36514619 PMCID: PMC9738346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a number of different substances and treatments that are effective in mitigating the negative effects of tooth bleaching. It is essential, however, to consider whether or not the presence of these factors affects the efficiency of the bleaching agent. AIM The purpose of this study is to determine how the pretreated enamel with a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser affects the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 35%. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty samples were prepared from human-extracted permanent anterior teeth and stained using a tea solution. Based on the pre-treatment protocol, the samples were split into two equal groups (n = 15): In Group I, samples were submerged in saline solution for five minutes, while in Group II, Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed. Following pretreatment, samples from both groups were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Colour analysis of all samples was done before and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. For the colour analysis, the CIE L*a*b* (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) System of colour measurement was used. For statistical analysis, Student t-tests (two-tailed, unpaired) were used to compare the means of two groups on a continuous scale. RESULTS Samples from both groups became lighter in colour following bleaching. After bleaching, there was no discernible difference in the total colour change between the two groups. CONCLUSION The application of the Nd:YAG laser before bleaching did not influence the whitening efficacy of 35% hydrogen peroxide.
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Lasalvia A, Cairone F, Cesa S, Maccelli A, Crestoni ME, Menghini L, Carradori S, Marinacci B, Gallorini M, Elsallabi O, Pesce M, Patruno A. Characterization and Valorization of 'Sulmona Red Garlic' Peels and Small Bulbs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2088. [PMID: 36358459 PMCID: PMC9686930 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
'Sulmona red garlic' is an Italian variety characterized by a red tunica surrounding a white bulb. Red tunicae and non-commercial small bulbs are food wastes that must be studied for their added value. Hydroalcoholic extracts, obtained by separated inner and outer tunicae and peeled bulbs of small commercial 'Sulmona red garlic' bulbs, harvested at two different years, were first characterized with respect to their color, polyphenolic content, and antiradical activity. Then, an untargeted metabolic profile by means of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR) mass spectrometry led to a comparative evaluation of the chemical diversity of six different samples. The study was completed by biological tests aiming to evaluate the associated health potential. Data on monocytes/macrophages showed good biocompatibility and a promising cytoprotective effect under oxidative stress conditions of all the extracts. At a molecular level, all the garlic extracts were able to downregulate the hydrogen peroxide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression through the modulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) and peroxynitrite intracellular amounts, at different extents depending on the extract, the cell type, and the concentration. On the whole, data highlight an associated health potential of the extracts of this waste plant material both in terms of cytoprotection and of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lasalvia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrizion, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Pazzi BM, Pistoia D, Alberti G. RGB-Detector: A Smart, Low-Cost Device for Reading RGB Indexes of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1585. [PMID: 36295938 PMCID: PMC9611683 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A user-friendly, low-cost detector able to read the RGB indexes of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) was developed. The RGB-detector was built with 3D printing using PLA+ and reused Li-ion batteries. It is Arduino-based, which provides an easy interface between the sensor TCS3200, which reads the quadratic wave of the times corresponding to the RGB numbers, the Arduino itself, whose software translates the times into RGB values, and the touchscreen display, NX3224T028, which shows the results. This detector permits multi-sample analysis since it has a sample holder that can keep up to six µPADs simultaneously and rotate after the display's request. This work shows how the readings of the RGB indexes by the proposed RGB-detector implement the measurements' reproducibility. As a proof-of-concept, the RGB-detector application to a green array of µPADs for pH measurement coupled with chemometric analysis allowed us to achieve good results in terms of precision and agreement with the pH values measured by a classical pH-meter.
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Zhang W, Qiu L, Shea KJ, Fan J, Liu Y, Zheng W, Xue M, Liu W, Xu Z, E XTF, Dong X, Qiao Y, Meng Z. Quantitative Analysis of Structure Color of Photonic Crystal Sensors Based on HSB Color Space. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:35010-35019. [PMID: 35856715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photonic crystals (PhCs) have a bright structural color, but their angular dependence and naked-eye observation subjectivity only apply for qualitative analysis. The HSB color space is a three-channel color analysis technology based on hue (H)-saturation (S)-brightness (B). We use the HSB color space to analyze the structural color of the AM/NIPAM PhCs hydrogel sensor in response to temperature and organic solvents. We proved that the structural color analysis based on the hue value (H) could achieve an analysis accuracy close to the spectrum analysis. In addition, we have obtained stimulus-responsive PhCs structure color images from references and quantitatively analyzed them through the HSB color space. The results show that the H of the structural color can establish a high correlation with the specified target. In some cases, its best fitness exceeds traditional spectroscopy methods. This analysis method will provide a general and quantitative analysis technology for the structural color of PhCs by consumer-grade computers and smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenxiang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiu-Tian-Feng E
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- School of Art and Design, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
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Turrini F, Farinini E, Leardi R, Grasso F, Orlandi V, Boggia R. A Preliminary Color Study of Different Basil-Based Semi-Finished Products during Their Storage. Molecules 2022; 27:2059. [PMID: 35408458 PMCID: PMC9000349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basil-based semi-finished products, which are mainly used as an intermediate to produce the typical pesto sauce, are prepared and exported all over the world. Color is a fundamental organoleptic requirement for the acceptability of these semi-finished products by the manufacturers of the pesto sauce. Some alternative formulations, which adjust the typical industrial recipe by both changing the preservative agent (ascorbic acid, citric acid, or a mixture of both) and introducing a preliminary thermic treatment (blast chilling), were evaluated. In this work, a fast and non-destructive spectrophotometric analysis, to monitor the color variations in these food products during their shelf-life, was proposed. The raw diffuse reflectance spectra (380-900 nm) obtained by a UV-visible spectrophotometer, endowed with an integrating sphere, together with the CIELab parameters (L*, a*, b*) automatically obtained from these, were considered, and elaborated using multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis). From this preliminary study, blast chilling, together with the use of ascorbic acid, proved to be the best solution to better preserve the color of these products during their shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (R.L.); (F.G.); (V.O.); (R.B.)
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Wu Z, He Y, Yan W, Zhang W, Liu X, Hui A, Wang H, Li H. Effect of high-pressure pre-soaking on texture and retrogradation properties of parboiled rice. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4201-4206. [PMID: 33420739 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor palatability, low digestibility, and unpleasant color of parboiled rice (PR) have severely hampered its acceptance by consumers. It is hence necessary and urgent to develop a new method for producing high-quality PR. In the current study, the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pre-soaking on the color, textural properties, and the degree of retrogradation of PR was investigated. RESULTS With HHP from 100 to 500 MPa, the water adsorption rate increased and cooking time decreased. Parboiled rice samples presented higher lightness scores (L) and had lower color intensity (B). Compared with a control group, PR samples treated with high-pressure pre-soaking showed a reduction of hardness values from 0.69% to 32.99%, and gumminess values also decreased from 8.58% to 33.62%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the enthalpy values of PR samples decreased after high pressure pre-soaking. The molecular structure of PR characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed that HHP pre-soaking could decrease the retrogradation level. CONCLUSION The findings outlined above suggest that the texture and retrogradation properties of PR were improved after high-pressure pre-soaking. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Yan
- Huiguan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ailing Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
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Turk M, Šibanc R, Dreu R, Frankiewicz M, Sznitowska M. Assessment of Mini-Tablets Coating Uniformity as a Function of Fluid Bed Coater Inlet Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:746. [PMID: 34070006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerned the quality of mini-tablets’ coating uniformity obtained by either the bottom spray chamber with a classical Wurster distributor (CW) or a swirl distributor (SW). Mini-tablets with a diameter of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm were coated with hypromellose using two different inlet air distributors as well as inlet airflow rates (130 and 156 m3/h). Tartrazine was used as a colorant in the coating layer and the coating uniformity was assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of solutions obtained after disintegration of the mini-tablets (n = 100). Higher uniformity of coating material distribution among the mini-tablets was observed in the case of SW distributor, even for the biggest mini-tablets (d = 3.0 mm), with an RSD no larger than 5.0%. Additionally, coating thickness was evaluated by colorimetric analysis (n = 1000), using a scanner method, and expressed as a hue value. A high correlation (R = 0.993) between inter-tablet variability of hue and UV-Vis results was obtained. Mini-tablets were successfully coated in a fluid bed system using both a classical Wurster distributor as well as a swirl generator. However, regardless of the mini-tablets’ diameter, better film uniformity was achieved in the case of a distributor with a swirl generator.
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Czarnowska-Kujawska M, Draszanowska A, Gujska E, Klepacka J, Kasińska M. Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041034. [PMID: 33669220 PMCID: PMC7919826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare folate contents in hen eggs from four different farming systems, namely organic, free range, barn, and cage one. Folate retention during egg boiling was studied as well. The contents of individual folate vitamers were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), following trienzyme treatment. Folate content in eggs differed significantly (p < 0.05) due to the rearing system, with the highest mean content determined in the eggs from organic farming (113.8 µg/100 g). According to this study, one egg (60 g) may provide 40-86 µg of folates, which corresponds to 10-22% of the recommended daily intake for adults, 400 µg according to the Nutrition Standards for the Polish Population. The predominant folate form found in egg was 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which showed considerably greater stability under boiling compared to 10-formylfolic acid present in a lower amount. In most eggs tested, the losses in total folate content did not exceed 15%. The color of yolk of the most folate-abundant organic eggs, had the highest value of lightness (L*) and the lowest value of redness (a*). This, however, does not correspond to consumer preferences of intense golden yolk color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska
- Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.G.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 48-89-524-52-76
| | - Anna Draszanowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Gujska
- Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.G.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.G.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kasińska
- Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.G.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
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Mayer R, Simone CB, Turkbey B, Choyke P. Algorithms applied to spatially registered multi-parametric MRI for prostate tumor volume measurement. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:119-132. [PMID: 33392016 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate tumor volume correlates with critical components of cancer staging such as Gleason score (GS) grade, predicted disease progression, and metastasis. Therefore, non-invasive tumor volume measurement may elevate clinical management. Radiology assessments of multi-parametric MRI (MP-MRI) commonly visually examine individual images to determine possible tumor presence. This study combines registered MP-MRI into a single image that display normal tissue and possible lesions. This study tests and exploits the vector nature of spatially registered MP-MRI by using supervised target detection algorithms (STDA) and color display and psychovisual analysis (CIELAB) to non-invasively estimate prostate tumor volume. Methods MRI, including T1, T2, diffusion [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)], dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) images, were resampled, rescaled, translated, and stitched to form spatially registered Multi-parametric cubes. The multi-parametric or multi-spectral signatures (7-component or T1, T2, ADC, etc.) that characterize the prostate tumors were inserted into target detection algorithms with conical decision surfaces (adaptive cosine estimator, ACE). Various detection thresholds were applied to discriminate tumor from normal tissue. In addition, tumor appeared as yellow in color images that were created by assigning red to washout from DCE, green to high B from diffusion, and blue to autonomous diffusion image. The yellow voxels in the three-channel hypercube were visually identified by a reader and recording voxels that exceed a threshold in the b* component of the CIELAB algorithm. The number of reported tumor voxels were converted to volume based on spatial resolution and slice separation. The tumor volume measurements were quantitatively validated by comparing the tumor volume computations to the pathologist's assessment of the histology of sectioned whole mount prostates from 26 consecutive patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy. This study analyzed tumors exceeding 1 cc and that also took up contrast material (18 patients). Results High correlation coefficients for tumor volume measurements using supervised target detection and color analysis vs. histology from wholemount prostatectomy were computed (R=0.83 and 0.91, respectively). A linear fit for tumor volume measurements using for supervised target detection and color analysis vs. tumor measurements from radical prostatectomy (after correcting for shrinkage from the radical prostatectomy) results in a slope of 1.02 and 3.02, respectively. A polynomial fit for the color analysis to the histology found (R=0.95). Voxels exceeding a threshold in the b* part of the CIELAB algorithm yielded correlation coefficients (0.71, 0.80) offsets (0.01 cc, -0.63 cc) and slopes (1.99, 0.89) against the wholemount prostatectomy and color analysis, respectively. Conclusions Supervised target detection and color display and analysis applied to registered MP-MRI non-invasively estimates prostate tumor volumes >1 cc and displaying angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulon Mayer
- Oncoscore, Garrett Park, MD, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Choyke
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Farouk A, El-Kalyoubi M, Ali H, Mageed MAE, Khallaf M, Moawad S. Effects of Carriers on Spray-dried Flavors and Their Functional Characteristics. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:257-263. [PMID: 31944086 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.257.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Encapsulation is an effective method to keep the quality of and avoid changes in flavors or essential oils due to oxidation, heating, volatilization, or chemical interactions. This study aims to microencapsulate key flavorings by traditional wall materials, namely, gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD) and sodium caseinate (SC) and evaluate the effects of different wall materials on the properties of the flavor microcapsules. MATERIALS AND METHODS The emulsions of flavor compounds (linalool, citral, orange oil, allyl caproate and isoamyl acetate) were prepared using GA, SC and MD as carriers with different concentrations and then encapsulated in powder form by a spray dryer. Physical properties, including encapsulation efficiency, viscosity, emulsion stability and moisture, were studied before and after the spray drying process. Moreover, the morphology and extent of the nonenzymatic browning (NEB) of powder particles were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a chroma meter. The effect of encapsulation on flavor retention and chemical composition was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Orange oil shows the maximum retention efficiency (84.5-97.9%), whereas isoamyl acetate is less retained during drying (44.4-72.5%) compared with other volatile compounds. Increasing the concentration of GA provides the highest retention for all aroma compounds and improves the viscosity and the emulsion stability of spray-dried powder. The presence of MD as the main encapsulating agent enables the formation of several homogeneous capsules with a good spherical shape and a smooth surface, according to SEM. The NEB is observed intensively in encapsulated samples containing citral and orange oils, whereas the least browning occurs in isoamyl acetate microcapsules. CONCLUSION Wall material formulation affects the retention, morphology and physical properties of the encapsulated flavors, which can be used in food or nutraceutical powder premixes.
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Abstract
Research in psychology generates complex data and often requires unique statistical analyses. These tasks are often very specific, so appropriate statistical models and methods cannot be found in accessible Bayesian tools. As a result, the use of Bayesian methods is limited to researchers and students that have the technical and statistical fundamentals that are required for probabilistic programming. Such knowledge is not part of the typical psychology curriculum and is a difficult obstacle for psychology students and researchers to overcome. The goal of the bayes4psy package is to bridge this gap and offer a collection of models and methods to be used for analysing data that arises from psychological experiments and as a teaching tool for Bayesian statistics in psychology. The package contains the Bayesian t-test and bootstrapping along with models for analysing reaction times, success rates, and tasks utilizing colors as a response. It also provides the diagnostic, analytic and visualization tools for the modern Bayesian data analysis workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Demšar
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Mind & Brain Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grega Repovš
- Mind & Brain Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Štrumbelj
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Du C, Thayer P, Yan Y, Liu Q, Wang L, Jiang J. Changing Trends of Color of Different Laryngeal Regions in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease. Ear Nose Throat J 2019; 99:543-547. [PMID: 31155940 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319854745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In our previous study, we demonstrated that there might be correlations between laryngopharyngeal reflux disorder and the hue value of laryngoscopic images. And we found that different regions of larynx have different hue values. It was hypothesized that the degree of inflammation varies between different laryngeal regions, due to an acid reflux pattern. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the changing trends of hue values of different laryngeal regions in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. METHODS Ninety-seven patients, including 20 pH-positive, 19 pH-negative were tested for LPR through multichannel intraluminal impedance 24-hour pH monitoring, and 58 controls with reflux symptom index less than 13. Laryngoscopic images of all patients were obtained. The hue values of 7 areas of interest, including both sides of the true vocal folds, the false vocal folds, the arytenoids, and the interarytenoid space, were quantified using a hue calculation. The analysis of variance analysis was applied to find if there was significant difference between different groups within each region. RESULTS (1) In the regions of both sides of the true vocal folds and interarytenoid, there was no significant difference between positive group and negative group; (2) in the regions of both sides of false vocal folds, there was no significant difference between negative group and control group; (3) in the regions of both sides of arytenoids, there was neither significant difference between positive group and negative group nor between negative group and control group; (4) in other comparisons, there were significant differences. CONCLUSION Hue values of separate laryngeal regions are different. In negative group, the hue values of interarytenoid region are similar with positive group, and the sensitivity to the acid are different from different regions. The sensitivity in the true vocal folds may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Paige Thayer
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, 5232University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, 66482Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jack Jiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, 5232University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Liu G, Mao S, Kim JH. A Mature-Tomato Detection Algorithm Using Machine Learning and Color Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E2023. [PMID: 31052169 DOI: 10.3390/s19092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An algorithm was proposed for automatic tomato detection in regular color images to reduce the influence of illumination and occlusion. In this method, the Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor was used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A coarse-to-fine scanning method was developed to detect tomatoes, followed by a proposed False Color Removal (FCR) method to remove the false-positive detections. Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) was used to merge the overlapped results. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm showed substantial improvement in tomato detection. The results of tomato detection in the test images showed that the recall, precision, and F1 score of the proposed method were 90.00%, 94.41 and 92.15%, respectively.
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Swelm W, Al-Ghamdi A, Jilani A, Iqbal J. Facile Synthesis of Ternary Alloy of CdSe 1-xS x Quantum Dots with Tunable Absorption and Emission of Visible Light. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8120979. [PMID: 30486405 PMCID: PMC6315846 DOI: 10.3390/nano8120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of alloyed semiconductor quantum dots has produced structures that have distinct properties in comparison with both their bulk counterparts and their parent binary semiconductor quantum dots. In this work, the quantum confined structures of a ternary alloy of CdSe1−xSx were synthesized by one-pot synthesis method in an aqueous medium at a low temperature and capped with 3-mercaptopropoionic acid. Structures of the synthesized quantum dots were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The obtained quantum dots had modified cubic structures as proven by X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. The optical properties of the synthesized quantum dots were characterized by optical absorption, photoluminescence, and color analysis. Optical absorption investigation revealed a widening of the band gap of CdSe1−xSx with increasing S content. This widening increased for the samples suspended in water relative to the samples measured in powder form due to the difference in the environment of the two cases. The size determined from the optical absorption measurements was found to be compatible with the sizes obtained from the X-ray diffraction with the value of bowing parameter around 1, which indicated a graded diffusion of sulfur. It was also ascertained that the emission of different compositions covered the most visible range with a small full width at half maximum. The x and y values of the chromaticity coordinates decreased with increasing sulfur content of up to 15%, while the z value increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Swelm
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Boutaoui N, Zaiter L, Benayache F, Benayache S, Cacciagrano F, Cesa S, Secci D, Carradori S, Giusti AM, Campestre C, Menghini L, Locatelli M. Atriplex mollis Desf. Aerial Parts: Extraction Procedures, Secondary Metabolites and Color Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:E1962. [PMID: 30082629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was proposed for the rapid characterization of different phenolic constituents from the extracts of Atriplex mollis aerial parts. Atriplex species are known for their multiple biological activities, but no information is available in the literature about A. mollis. With the aim to firstly characterize the main secondary metabolites of this plant, so as to orient better the biological evaluation, we applied three different extraction procedures and compared the chromatographic results. Microwave-assisted extraction gave the best yield and recovery of important compounds such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, rutin, sinapinic acid, t-ferulic acid, naringenin and benzoic acid. These constituents belong to three important chemical classes: phenolic acids, flavonoids and monoterpenes. Color evaluation and analysis of chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids complete the preliminary profile of this plant. From these analyses, Atriplex mollis is a source of bioactive compounds (especially rutin, t-ferulic acid and gallic acid) and could be recommended as a plant of phyto-pharmaceutical relevance, opening new perspectives on this salt-tolerant plant.
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Boutaoui N, Zaiter L, Benayache F, Benayache S, Carradori S, Cesa S, Giusti AM, Campestre C, Menghini L, Innosa D, Locatelli M. Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Different Extracts from Thymus algeriensis Aerial Parts. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020463. [PMID: 29461498 PMCID: PMC6017170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the metabolite recovery from different extraction methods applied to Thymus algeriensis aerial parts. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using photodiode array detector with gradient elution has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of different phenolic compounds in the extracts and in their corresponding purified fractions. The experimental results show that microwave-assisted aqueous extraction for 15 min at 100 °C gave the most phenolics-enriched extract, reducing extraction time without degradation effects on bioactives. Sixteen compounds were identified in this extract, 11 phenolic compounds and five flavonoids, all known for their biological activities. Color analysis and determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids implemented the knowledge of the chemical profile of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Boutaoui
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route d'Aïn El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Lahcene Zaiter
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route d'Aïn El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route d'Aïn El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route d'Aïn El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Denise Innosa
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e tecnologie agro-alimentari e ambientali, Università di Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Kaur R, Albano PP, Cole JG, Hagerty J, LeAnder RW, Moss RH, Stoecker WV. Real-time supervised detection of pink areas in dermoscopic images of melanoma: importance of color shades, texture and location. Skin Res Technol 2015; 21:466-73. [PMID: 25809473 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Early detection of malignant melanoma is an important public health challenge. In the USA, dermatologists are seeing more melanomas at an early stage, before classic melanoma features have become apparent. Pink color is a feature of these early melanomas. If rapid and accurate automatic detection of pink color in these melanomas could be accomplished, there could be significant public health benefits. METHODS Detection of three shades of pink (light pink, dark pink, and orange pink) was accomplished using color analysis techniques in five color planes (red, green, blue, hue, and saturation). Color shade analysis was performed using a logistic regression model trained with an image set of 60 dermoscopic images of melanoma that contained pink areas. Detected pink shade areas were further analyzed with regard to the location within the lesion, average color parameters over the detected areas, and histogram texture features. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis of a separate set of 128 melanomas and 128 benign images resulted in up to 87.9% accuracy in discriminating melanoma from benign lesions measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The accuracy in this model decreased when parameters for individual shades, texture, or shade location within the lesion were omitted. CONCLUSION Texture, color, and lesion location analysis applied to multiple shades of pink can assist in melanoma detection. When any of these three details: color location, shade analysis, or texture analysis were omitted from the model, accuracy in separating melanoma from benign lesions was lowered. Separation of colors into shades and further details that enhance the characterization of these color shades are needed for optimal discrimination of melanoma from benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - P P Albano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - J G Cole
- Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - J Hagerty
- Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - R W LeAnder
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - R H Moss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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23
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DUMA MARIAMAGDALENA, CHIOREAN ANGELICARITA, FEIER DIANASORINA, FLOREA MADALINA, CHIOREAN MARCO, RUSU GEORGETAMIHAELA, DUDEA SORINMARIAN, SFRANGEU SILVIUANDREI. The Added Value of Color Parameters in Analyzing Elastographic Images of Ultrasound Detected Breast Focal Lesions. Clujul Med 2015; 88:50-7. [PMID: 26528048 PMCID: PMC4508601 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the study was to determine if the color quantitative analysis obtained on elastographic images of breast lesions could improve the benign-malignant differentiation, and also to identify some of the circumstances which would benefit most from such an analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study design was a longitudinal prospective one, all data being acquired between May 2007 and September 2008. The US device used: Hitachi 8500 EUB machine with elastography option. For suspicious breast lesions histopathology was obtained by means of percutaneous biopsy or post-surgery. Studied color parameters (numeric values): average color (red, green, blue), color dispersion, average intensity, average hue, hue dispersion. Calculus modality: Image Processing Version 1.3, a program developed in collaboration with the Technical University of Cluj Napoca. RESULTS Seventy-one (71) women were selected for the study. A hundred and six circumscribed breast lesions were detected by means of ultrasound in the studied group. Five color parameters were independently associated with the histological diagnosis (AvgBlue, AvgGreen and AvgRed; DispRed and DispIntensity) with AvgBlue parameter making the most important contribution (p<0.0001); the greater the values of AvgBlue (more than 92), the higher the chances of malignancy and the greater the values of AvgGreen (more than 88), the higher the chances for a benign lesion. CONCLUSION High numeric values for Avg Blue (more than 92) would increase the probability of malignancy and thus recommend a more aggressive diagnostic management (biopsy), while high numeric values for AvgGreen (more than 88) would reassure the examiner to proceed conservatively with short interval or routine follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARIA MAGDALENA DUMA
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - ANGELICA RITA CHIOREAN
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - DIANA SORINA FEIER
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - MADALINA FLOREA
- Radiology - Radiology Clinic - Cluj-Napoca ER County Hospital, Romania
| | - MARCO CHIOREAN
- Medical Student, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - GEORGETA MIHAELA RUSU
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - SORIN MARIAN DUDEA
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - SILVIU ANDREI SFRANGEU
- Dept. of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin lesion color is an important feature for diagnosing malignant melanoma. In previous research, skin lesion color was investigated for discriminating malignant melanoma lesions from benign lesions in clinical images. Colors characteristics of melanoma were determined using color histogram analysis over a training set of images. Percent melanoma color and color clustering ratio features were used to quantify the presence of melanoma-colored pixels within skin lesions for skin lesion discrimination. METHODS In this research, the relative color histogram analysis technique is used to evaluate skin lesion discrimination based on color feature calculations in different regions of the skin lesion in dermoscopy images. The histogram analysis technique is examined for varying training set sizes from the set of 113 malignant melanomas and 113 benign dysplastic nevi images. RESULTS Experimental results show improved discrimination capability for feature calculations focused in the interior lesion region. Recognition rates for malignant melanoma and dysplastic nevi as high as 87.7% and 74.9%, respectively, are observed for the color clustering ratio computed using the outer 75% uniformly distributed area with a 10% offset within the boundary. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results appear to indicate that the melanoma color feature information is located in the interior of the lesion, excluding the 10% central-most region. The techniques presented here including the use of relative color and the determination of benign and malignant regions of the relative color histogram may be applicable to any set of images of benign and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joe Stanley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-0040, USA.
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin lesion colour is an important feature for diagnosing malignant melanoma. Colour histogram analysis over a training set of images has been used to identify colours characteristic of melanoma, i.e., melanoma colours. A percent melanoma colour feature defined as the percentage of the lesion pixels that are melanoma colours has been used as a feature to discriminate melanomas from benign lesions. METHODS In this research, the colour histogram analysis technique is extended to evaluate skin lesion discrimination based on colour feature calculations in different regions of the skin lesion. The colour features examined include percent melanoma colour and a novel colour clustering ratio. Experiments are performed using clinical images of 129 malignant melanomas and 129 benign lesions consisting of 40 seborrheic keratoses and 89 nevocellular nevi. RESULTS Experimental results show improved discrimination capability for feature calculations focused in the lesion boundary region. Specifically, correct melanoma and benign recognition rates are observed as high as 89 and 83%, respectively, for the percent melanoma colour feature computed using only the outermost, uniformly distributed 10% of the lesion's area. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results show for the features investigated that the region closest to the skin lesion boundary contains the greatest colour discrimination information for lesion screening. Furthermore, the percent melanoma colour feature consistently outperformed the colour clustering ratio for the different skin lesion regions examined. The clinical application of this result is that clustered colours appear to be no more significant than colours of arbitrary distribution within a lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 229 Emerson Electric Co. Hall, Rolla, MO 65409-0040, USA and
| | - R. Joe Stanley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 229 Emerson Electric Co. Hall, Rolla, MO 65409-0040, USA and
| | - Randy H. Moss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 229 Emerson Electric Co. Hall, Rolla, MO 65409-0040, USA and
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26
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Vince DG, Tbakhi A, Gaddipati A, Cothren RM, Cornhill JF, Tubbs RR. Quantitative comparison of immunohistochemical staining intensity in tissues fixed in formalin and Histochoice. Anal Cell Pathol 1997; 15:119-29. [PMID: 9413596 PMCID: PMC4611109 DOI: 10.1155/1997/607965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde fixatives have traditionally been used to preserve tissues as they impart excellent morphological preservation. Formaldehyde fixes tissue by cross linking, a process which can reduce the antigenicity of tissue and weakens the intensity of immunohistochemical stains. Preliminary studies have shown that Histochoice tissue fixative offers equal or greater staining intensity than neutral buffered formalin (NBF). This study compares these fixatives quantitatively and presents the results in unambiguous statistical terms. Tissue samples were collected, bisected, and fixed in NBF or Histochoice. The sections were stained with a total of 21 antibodies, and color images were collected. The hue, saturation, and value were determined for each positive pixel and an ANOVA performed. Small differences in hue were noted in 8 of 21 cases. Histochoice-fixed tissue gave a greater mean saturation than NBF with 57.1% of the antibodies tested. No significant difference in the saturation was detected in 28.6% of the cases; NBF gave higher mean saturation levels with only 14.3% of the antibodies. Histochoice-fixed tissue was found to give lower values in 66.7% of cases than those prepared with NBF, indicating darker staining. These results show that Histochoice produces staining intensity that is comparable, and in many cases superior, to formalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Vince
- Whitaker Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
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