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Yu LE, Mann P, Schlitzkus L, Ghiselli F, Sanders M, Hadimundeen A, Li Y. In-Ovo Glutamine Administration Enhances Intestinal Development and Functions in Broiler Chickens: Insights from Enteroid Models. J Nutr 2024; 154:1175-1188. [PMID: 38360113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life events play significant roles in tissue development and animal health in their later life. Early nutrition, through in-ovo delivery, has shown beneficial effects on improving intestinal health in broiler chickens. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully investigated. A recently developed enteroid culture technique allows investigations on intestinal epithelial functions that are close to physiologic conditions. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the short- and long-term effects of in-ovo administration of glutamine (Gln) on intestinal epithelial development and functions by using intestinal enteroid culture and tissue electrophysiologic analysis. METHODS A hundred eggs of commercial Cobb500 broilers were in-ovo injected with 0.2 mL of either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 3% Gln at embryonic day 18 (E18). Chicks were killed on the day of hatch, and at 3- and 14-d posthatch. Enteroids were generated from the small intestine. After 4 d of culture, enteroids were harvested for 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine proliferation, fluorescein isothiocyanate-4 kDa dextran permeability, and glucose absorption assays. At day 3 (d3) and day 14 (d14), intestinal barrier and nutrient transport functions were measured by the Ussing chamber. The gene expression of epithelial cell markers, nutrient transporters, and tight-junction proteins were analyzed in both intestinal tissues and enteroids. RESULTS In comparison with the PBS control group, in-ovo Gln increased intestinal villus morphology, epithelial cell proliferation, and differentiation, and altered epithelial cell population toward increased number of enteroendocrine and goblet cells while decreasing Paneth cells. Enteroids gene expression of nutrient transporters (B0AT1, SGLT1, and EAAT3), tight junction (ZO2), glucose absorption, and barrier functions were enhanced on the day of hatch. Long-term increases of intestinal di-peptide and alanine transport were observed at day 14 posthatch. CONCLUSIONS Together our results suggested that the in-ovo injection of Gln stimulated intestinal epithelium proliferation and programmed the epithelial cell differentiation toward absorptive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-En Yu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Peter Mann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Lydia Schlitzkus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Federico Ghiselli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mia Sanders
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Abdallah Hadimundeen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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Kpodo KR, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Physiological effects of in ovo delivery of bioactive substances in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1124007. [PMID: 37008350 PMCID: PMC10060894 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has improved genetics, nutrition, and management practices, resulting in fast-growing chickens; however, disturbances during embryonic development may affect the entire production cycle and cause irreversible losses to broiler chicken producers. The most crucial time in the chicks' development appears to be the perinatal period, which encompasses the last few days of pre-hatch and the first few days of post-hatch. During this critical period, intestinal development occurs rapidly, and the chicks undergo a metabolic and physiological shift from the utilization of egg nutrients to exogenous feed. However, the nutrient reserve of the egg yolk may not be enough to sustain the late stage of embryonic development and provide energy for the hatching process. In addition, modern hatchery practices cause a delay in access to feed immediately post-hatch, and this can potentially affect the intestinal microbiome, health, development, and growth of the chickens. Development of the in ovo technology allowing for the delivery of bioactive substances into chicken embryos during their development represents a way to accommodate the perinatal period, late embryo development, and post-hatch growth. Many bioactive substances have been delivered through the in ovo technology, including carbohydrates, amino acids, hormones, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, antibodies, immunostimulants, minerals, and microorganisms with a variety of physiological effects. In this review, we focused on the physiological effects of the in ovo delivery of these substances, including their effects on embryo development, gastrointestinal tract function and health, nutrient digestion, immune system development and function, bone development, overall growth performance, muscle development and meat quality, gastrointestinal tract microbiota development, heat stress response, pathogens exclusion, and birds metabolism, as well as transcriptome and proteome. We believe that this method is widely underestimated and underused by the poultry industry.
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Ju A, Duan A, Zhang Y, Liu S, Ma X, Wang Y, Yang S, Jin L. Immunological effect of Lactic acid bacteria adjuvant on in ovo injection of Newcastle disease vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109710. [PMID: 36905759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In ovo immunization of chicken embryos with live vaccines is an effective strategy to protect chickens against various viral pathogens. The immunogenic efficacies of in ovo administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in combination with live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine were investigated in this study. Four hundred healthy 1-day-old fertilized specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs of similar weights were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, with five replicates of each treatment and a total of 20 for each replicate. On day 18.5 of incubation, in ovo injections were given. The treatment groups are as follows: (I) no injection, (II) 0.9% physiological saline injection, (III) ND vaccine injection, and (IV) LAB as an adjuvant for ND vaccine injection. The ND vaccine adjuvanted with LAB significantly increased the daily weight gain, immune organ index, and small intestine histomorphological development in layer chicks while decreasing the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results suggested that the LAB-adjuvant group significantly affected the relative expression of mucosal mucin protein (mucin-1) and zoccluding small circle protein-1 (ZO-1) (P < 0.05), whereas the relative expression of occludin mRNA was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) compared with the non-injected group. Meanwhile, we indicated that intra-amniotic synbiotic injection significantly maintained the balance of flora (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-injected group, the ND vaccine adjuvanted with the LAB group exhibited significant promotion of the HI and SIgA antibody titers in serum on day 21 (P < 0.05), induction of higher production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ) in serum. In summary, in ovo injection of ND vaccine adjuvanted with LAB has a positive impact on the growth performance, immune function, and microbiome of growing chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ju
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 130124, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Aoyi Duan
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | | | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 130124, China
| | - Shubao Yang
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Lianhai Jin
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
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In ovo feeding of nutraceuticals and its role in adjusting the gastrointestinal tract, antioxidative properties, immunological response, and performance in poultry: An updated review. CZECH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.17221/201/2022-cjas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lu P, Morawong T, Molee A, Molee W. L-arginine alters myogenic genes expression but does not affect breast muscle characteristics by in ovo feeding technique in slow-growing chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1030873. [PMID: 36590799 PMCID: PMC9794582 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo feeding (IOF) of nutrients is a viable method for increasing muscle mass through hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of IOF of L-arginine (Arg) on breast muscle weight, muscle morphology, amino acid profile, and gene expression of muscle development in slow-growing chickens. Four hundred eighty fertilized eggs were randomly divided into two groups: the first group was the non-injected control group, and the second group was the Arg group, injected with 1% Arg (0.5 mL) into the amnion on day 18 of incubation. After hatching, 160 birds from each group were randomly divided into four replicates of 40 birds each. This experiment lasted for 63 days. The results showed that IOF of Arg did not affect (P > 0.05) breast muscle weight, muscle morphology, and mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in slow-growing chickens. However, the amino acid profile of breast muscle was altered (P < 0.05) on the day of hatching (DOH), day 21 (D21), and day 42 (D42) post-hatch, respectively. Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) mRNA expression was upregulated (P < 0.05) on D21 post-hatch. Myogenic regulator 4 (MRF4) mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) on DOH. And myogenin (MyoG) was increased (P < 0.05) on DOH and D21 post-hatch, in the Arg group compared to the control group. Overall, IOF of 1% Arg improved the expression of myogenic genes but did not influence muscle morphology and BMW. These results indicate that in ovo Arg dosage (0.5 mL/egg) has no adverse effect on breast muscle development of slow-growing chickens.
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Arain MA, Nabi F, Marghazani IB, Hassan FU, Soomro H, Kalhoro H, Soomro F, Buzdar JA. In ovo delivery of nutraceuticals improves health status and production performance of poultry birds: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Fazul Nabi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Illahi Bakhash Marghazani
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Faiz ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hidayatullah Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Poultry Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science Sakrand, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Hameeda Kalhoro
- Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, Sindh University Jamshoro, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feroza Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Buzdar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
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Lu P, Morawong T, Molee A, Molee W. Influences of L-Arginine In Ovo Feeding on the Hatchability, Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030392. [PMID: 35158714 PMCID: PMC8833405 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nutrition and health status of the embryo in the hatching process directly influence the hatchability and chicken performance post-hatch in poultry production. The in ovo feeding (IOF) technique provides a viable way to improve the embryonic development and chicken performance post-hatch. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was that supplementing L-arginine (Arg) into embryos could positively affect the hatchability, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. The results of this study demonstrate that IOF of Arg positively affected the antioxidant capacity of the breast muscle in the starter period, and there was no effect on the hatchability, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Overall, our findings suggest that IOF of Arg may have beneficial effects on chicken health without compromising the hatchability, subsequent growth, and meat quality. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on the hatchability, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of slow-growing chickens. A total of 480 eggs were randomly divided into a non-injected control group (NC group) and a 1% Arg-injected group (Arg group). On day 18 of incubation, 0.5 mL of Arg solution was injected into the embryonic amnion in the Arg group. Upon hatching, 160 mixed-sex chickens were randomly assigned to two groups, with four replicates per group. This experiment lasted for 63 days. The results showed that the hatchability, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower (p < 0.05), and the glutathione (GSH) level was higher (p < 0.05) on day of hatching in the Arg group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity was increased (p < 0.05) on day 21 post-hatch in the Arg group compared to that in the NC group. In conclusion, IOF of Arg increased the antioxidant capacity of the breast muscle in the starter period, which may have a positive effect on health status of slow-growing chickens post-hatch.
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Dai D, Zhang HJ, Qiu K, Qi GH, Wang J, Wu SG. Supplemental L-Arginine Improves the Embryonic Intestine Development and Microbial Succession in a Chick Embryo Model. Front Nutr 2021; 8:692305. [PMID: 34692742 PMCID: PMC8526724 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.692305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early colonization of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in intestinal development. However, the microbial succession at an embryonic stage and its assembly patterns induced by prenatal nutrition are unknown. In the present study, we used a chick embryo model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on the intestinal development and microbial succession of embryos. A total of 216 fertile eggs were randomly distributed into 2 groups including the non-injected control group and IOF of Arg group with 7 mg/egg. The results showed that IOF Arg increased the intestinal index, absolute weight of jejunum, and improved jejunal morphology in terms of villus width and surface area (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of mTOR and 4E-BP1 were up-regulated and accompanied by higher contents of Mucin-2 in the Arg group (p < 0.05). There was a significant elevation in contents of serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas there was a decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Arg group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were major intestinal bacteria species at the embryonic stage. However, Arg supplementation targeted to shape assembly patterns of microbial succession and then changed microbial composition (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia, Blautia, and Ruminococcus were identified as biomarkers in the Arg group (LDA > 3, p < 0.05). Accordingly, significant elevated concentrations of SCFAs, including lactic acid and formic acid, were observed in the Arg group (p < 0.05), accompanied by the higher concentration of butyric acid (0.05 < p < 0.10). In conclusion, prenatal Arg supplementation improved embryonic intestine development by regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis to supply more energy for chick embryos. The possible mechanism could be the roles of Arg in shaping the microbial assembly pattern and succession of the embryonic intestine, particularly the enrichment of potential probiotics. These findings may contribute to exploring nutritional strategies to establish health-promoting microbiota by manipulating prenatal host-microbe interactions for the healthy development of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Duan AY, Ju AQ, Zhang YN, Qin YJ, Xue LG, Ma X, Luan WM, Yang SB. The Effects of In Ovo Injection of Synbiotics on the Early Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:658301. [PMID: 34164451 PMCID: PMC8216557 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.658301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of synbiotic inclusion at the intra-amniotic stage in layer chicks were evaluated with different parameters, such as performance, immunological function, intestinal development, and cecal microflora content. A total of 1,200 eggs with fertile embryos were allocated into four treatment groups. For every treatment, five replicates were used, and 60 eggs were included in each replicate. The following four treatment groups were established: the non-injected group, 0.9% physiological saline injection (saline) group, 1 × 106 CFU/egg Lactobacillus plantarum injection (probiotic) group, and 1 × 106 CFU/egg L. plantarum + 2 mg/egg Astragalus polysaccharide injection (synbiotic) group. In ovo injection was carried out at 18.5 days of incubation. The results showed that in ovo injection of probiotics or synbiotics did not affect the hatching or growth performance of the chicks but significantly increased their feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, in ovo injection of synbiotics enhanced the levels of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in intestinal lavage fluid and the histomorphological development of the small intestine. Our results also indicated that intra-amniotic synbiotic injection significantly increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium colonization while decreasing the relative abundance of Escherichia coli in the chicken cecum (P < 0.05). In summary, in ovo injection of synbiotics had positive impacts on the performance, immunological function, gut development, and microbiota of growing chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Yi Duan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - An-Qi Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Nan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.,College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Jun Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Gang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Min Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu-Bao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Wang Q, Wang XF, Xing T, Li JL, Zhu XD, Zhang L, Gao F. The combined impact of xylo-oligosaccharides and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100909. [PMID: 33518329 PMCID: PMC7936216 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) on the growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broiler chickens. A total of 240 1-day-old Ross-308 chicks were allocated into 5 groups for 21 d: control group (basal diet), antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) group (basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline), XOS group (basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg XOS), IAPS group (basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg IAPS), and XOS + IAPS group (basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg XOS and 600 mg/kg IAPS). The results showed that birds in the XOS + IAPS group showed higher ADG and lower feed-to-gain ratio than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The XOS, IAPS, and XOS + IASP treatments significantly increased villus height (VH) of all intestine segments, jejunal goblet cell numbers, and VH–to–crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) of broilers than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Birds in the XOS + IAPS group had higher jejunal VH/CD ratio and goblet cell numbers than those from the XOS or IAPS groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a synergy effect between XOS and IAPS on increasing duodenal goblet cell numbers and improving ileal morphology (higher VH and VH/CD ratio) (P < 0.05). The XOS, IAPS and XOS + IAPS treatments increased the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin of the jejunum as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, birds in the XOS + IAPS group showed lower plasma D-lactic acid concentration and higher mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and occludin in the jejunum than those in the control or IAPS groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of broilers between the AGP and XOS + IAPS groups. In conclusion, the combination of XOS and IAPS had a better potential as chlortetracycline substitute for improving the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b. Commun Biol 2020; 3:611. [PMID: 33097830 PMCID: PMC7584578 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. In ovo delivery of bioactive substances: an alternative to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production—a review. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Castro FLS, Teng PY, Yadav S, Gould RL, Craig S, Pazdro R, Kim WK. The effects of L-Arginine supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5844-5857. [PMID: 33142502 PMCID: PMC7647855 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of varying levels of L-arginine (Arg) on performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged with Eimeria. Cobb 500 male chicks (n = 720) were randomly distributed in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (6 replicates/12 birds). The main factors were Arg levels (1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 1.44%) and challenge or non-challenge with Eimeria. At day 12, in the challenge group, each bird received orally 12,500 Eimeria maxima, 12,500 Eimeria tenella, and 62,500 Eimeria acervulina sporulated oocysts. At 5 d postinfection (dpi), intestinal permeability was measured. At 6 and 14 dpi, performance, intestinal histomorphology, nutrient digestibility, tight junction protein (TJP) gene expression, and antioxidant markers were evaluated. Few interactions were found, and when significant, the supplementation of Arg did not counteract the negative effects of Eimeria challenge. Challenge, regardless of Arg level, increased intestinal permeability, although the expression of Claudin-1, a TJP, was upregulated. At 6 dpi, the antioxidant system was impaired by the challenge. Moreover, growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility were negatively affected by challenge at 6 and 14 dpi. Regardless of challenge, from 0 to 14 dpi, birds fed 1.44% showed higher weight gain than 1.04% of Arg, and birds fed 1.34% showed lower feed conversion than 1.04% of Arg. At 5 dpi, intestinal permeability was improved in birds fed 1.34% than 1.04% of Arg. Moreover, 1.34% of Arg upregulated the expression of the TJP Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) as compared with 1.24 and 1.44% of Arg at 6 dpi. At 14 dpi, 1.44% of Arg upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 compared with 1.24 and 1.34% of Arg. The nutrient digestibility was quadratically influenced by Arg, whereas the antioxidant markers were unaffected. Thus, the challenge with Eimeria had a negative impact on growth and intestinal health. The dietary supplementation of levels ranging from 1.24 to 1.44% of Arg showed promising results, improving overall growth, intestinal integrity, and morphology in broilers subjected or not to Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L S Castro
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Po-Yun Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sudhir Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven Craig
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Woo K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Properties and Functions by Amino Acids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2819154. [PMID: 29854738 PMCID: PMC5966675 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2819154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) line the surface of intestinal epithelium, where they play important roles in the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and protection of the human body from microbial infections, and others. Dysfunction of IECs can cause diseases. The development, maintenance, and functions of IECs are strongly influenced by external nutrition, such as amino acids. Amino acids play important roles in regulating the properties and functions of IECs. In this article, we briefly reviewed the current understanding of the roles of amino acids in the regulation of IECs' properties and functions in physiological state, including in IECs homeostasis (differentiation, proliferation, and renewal), in intestinal epithelial barrier structure and functions, and in immune responses. We also summarized some important findings on the effects of amino acids supplementation (e.g., glutamine and arginine) in restoring IECs' and intestine functions in some diseased states. These findings will further our understanding of the important roles of amino acids in the homeostasis of IECs and could potentially help identify novel targets and reagents for the therapeutic interventions of diseases associated with dysfunctional IECs.
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