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Wang Y, Li L, Chen L, Xia J, Wang T, Han L, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W, Jiang S. The Influence of Emodin Succinyl Ethyl Ester on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by a Diet High in Fructose, Cholesterol, and Fat in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:978-987. [PMID: 38631865 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis and evidence of hepatocyte injury (ballooning) and inflammation, with or without liver fibrosis. In this study, after 12 weeks of induction, the mice were treated with emodin succinyl ethyl ester (ESEE) for four weeks at doses of 10/30/90 mg/kg/d. The blood analysis of experimental endpoints showed that ESEE exhibited significant therapeutic effects on the progression of disorders of glycolipid metabolism and the induced liver injury in the model animals. Histopathological diagnosis of the liver and total triglyceride measurements revealed that ESEE had a significant therapeutic effect on the histopathological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/hepatitis, such as cellular steatosis and activation of intrahepatic inflammation. Additionally, ESEE was able to improve hepatocyte fat deposition, steatosis, and the course of intrahepatic inflammatory activity. Furthermore, it showed some inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis in the model animals. In summary, this study confirms the therapeutic effects of ESEE on the NAFLD/NASH model in C57BL/6J mice induced by a high-fat, high cholesterol, and fructose diet. These effects were observed through improvements in liver function, inhibition of fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. Changes in blood glucose levels, blood lipid metabolism, liver histopathological staining, liver fibrosis staining, and related pathological scores further supported the therapeutic effects of ESEE. Therefore, this study has important implications for the exploration of novel drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Jinlei Xia
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tongli Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Lei Han
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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2
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Sun J, Du L, Liang W, Qu Z, Zhao H, Guan W. Effect of postharvest processing on quality traits of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae: A integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108099. [PMID: 37897890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The dried roots and rhizomes of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae are widely used as food material or medicinal crops. "Sweating" is a traditional postharvest processing method, the basic processing procedure consists of softening, stacking and drying. The aim of this paper is to unveil the scientific connotation responsible for the "Sweating" processing in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae during postharvest. Thus, the effect of different postharvest processing methods on the metabolic pathways of Radix Gentiasnae Macrophyllae was studied by the non-targeted metabolomic technique in combination with the label-free proteomics approach. The results showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites and abundant proteins were mainly enriched in the pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, polyphenols and terpenoids biosynthesis. "Sweating" has a greater up-regulation effect on these pathways than "Non-sweating", and can induce protein expression and metabolite accumulation associated with the quality traits of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae. The results provide a detailed explanation of the scientific connotation of crucial steps of "Sweating" processing wherein opportunities existed for taking appropriate measures to enhance the accumulation of bioactive ingredients. These findings will serve as significant references for enhancing the postharvest processing technology of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and similar plants, resulting in higher product quality for food or plant materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Lang Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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3
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Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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4
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A comprehensive review of emodin in fibrosis treatment. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105358. [PMID: 36436587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is the main pharmacodynamic components of rhubarb, with significant pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy.Emodin has a variety of therapy effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects, and is widely used to treat encephalitis, diabetic cataract and organ fibrosis. Several studies have shown that emodin has a good treatment effect on organ fibrosis, but the mechanism is complex. Moreover, the evidence of some studies is conflicting and confusing. This paper reviewed the mechanism, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of emodin in fibrosis treatment, and briefly discussed relevant cutting-edge new formulations to improve the efficacy, the result can provide some reference for future study.
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Shen N, Chen Y, Guo F, Cui Y, Wei M, Cheng Z. Influence of different drying methods coupled with different process modes on physicochemical qualities and anthraquinones contents of Rheum palmatum L. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022; 170:114021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Liang W, Zhang W, Chen Y, Guo F, Sun J, Zhang X, Li X, Gao W. Accumulation of functional metabolites and transcriptomics in postharvest fume-drying and air-drying process in rhubarb. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5628-5641. [PMID: 35373362 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active component content is an important factor affecting quality of traditional Chinese medicines. The fume-drying process can effectively improve the content of active components in rhubarb, but the accumulation dynamics and molecular mechanisms are not known. In this study, variations in the active components of rhubarb during the drying process were determined, and the most intense changes in the active components were preferred for transcriptome inquiry. RESULTS The results showed that the accumulation of active ingredients could be significantly promoted in the early stage of fume-drying and air-drying. In particular, the active ingredients increased by 61.57% (from 44.58 to 72.02 mg g-1 ) on the fourth day of fume-drying. A total of 4191 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified by transcriptome analysis when the active components changed significantly. Transcriptome data of different dried rhubarb samples revealed, that the fume-drying process could significantly improve the expression of genes relevant to respiration, phenolic acid, and anthraquinone synthesis pathways in rhubarb, which was more conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of the active components. CONCLUSION Fume-drying stimulated respiration and secondary metabolite synthesis in rhubarb cells by exerting strong external stress on freshly harvested rhubarb. This study revealed the variations and molecular mechanism of active component accumulation in the rhubarb drying process and might serve as a guide for the development of alternative methods for rhubarb fumigation and drying process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Minzu University, Qinhai, China
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7
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Liu X, Li Y, Yang Q, Cai H, Wang L, Zhao X. Improving the antioxidant activity of natural antioxidant honokiol by introducing the amino group. J Mol Model 2021; 27:350. [PMID: 34757484 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exploring and synthesizing the compounds with stronger antioxidant activity have always been the goal of researchers. Herein, the substitution effects of the amino (NH2-) group with the excellent electron-donating ability in different positions on the antioxidant activity of Honokiol (Hon) were systematically explored by using the quantum chemistry calculation based on the density functional theory method. The three possible antioxidant mechanisms of Hon and its four NH2-substituted derivatives (Hon1-Hon4), containing the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), were explored in depth considering the gas and solvent phases. In addition, the frontier molecular orbital energies, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge population, and global descriptive parameters were used to study their antioxidant activity. The results indicate that compared with the original molecule Hon, the NH2 substituents would have the stronger antioxidant activity. Moreover, the radical scavenging process of Hon and its derivatives has a disposition to the HAT and SPLET mechanisms in the gas and solvent phases, respectively. Meaningfully, owing to the lowest bond dissociation enthalpy and proton affinity values, Hon4 would show the most prominent antioxidant activity by comparison with the other compounds. In conclusion, this work will provide the purposeful reference for designing and synthesizing the antioxidants with more outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qilei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongda Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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8
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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9
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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10
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Zhang X, Guo X, Zhao P, Zhang X, Gao W, Li X. Chemometric analysis of active compounds and antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for the quality evaluation of licorice from different origins. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5215. [PMID: 34269469 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Contents of total flavonoids (TFc), total phenolics (TPc), and total crude polysaccharide (TCPc) in licorice from different origins were determined by optimized colorimetric methods, whereas five monomer ingredients (liquiritin [LQ], isoliquiritin [ILQ], liquiritigenin [LQG], isoliquiritigenin [ILQG], and glycyrrhizic acid [GA]) were simultaneously identified and quantified by HPLC-MS and HPLC. The results indicated that the contents of chemical compounds in licorice showed significant difference in different origins. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis further proved that producing area indeed affected the quality including compounds and pharmacological activity in licorice. Licorice from Inner Mongolia exhibited the excellent DPPH assay, whereas samples from Gansu and Xinjiang showed high scavenging capacity to OH and ABTS free radicals. Meanwhile, α-Glu inhibitory activity of licorice samples was four times higher than the antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis made clear that TFc and TCPc both strongly contribute to DPPH scavenge capacity at P < 0.01 level, whereas TCPc contributed to α-Glu inhibitory activity at P < 0.05 level. This study would contribute to the comprehensive quality evaluation based on the compounds and pharmacological activity of licorice, and provide a reference for the choice of producing area to ensure the quality of licorice as a medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Liang W, Chen Y, Li X, Guo F, Sun J, Zhang X, Xu B, Gao W. Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Smoke-Drying and Shade-Drying Processes of Postharvest Rhubarb: A Comparative Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663180. [PMID: 34140961 PMCID: PMC8205111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest processing plays a very important role in improving the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. According to previous studies, smoke-drying could significantly promote the accumulation of the bioactive components and pharmacological activities of rhubarb, but so far, the molecular mechanism has not been studied yet. In this research, to study the molecular mechanisms of postharvest processing for rhubarb during shade-drying and smoke-drying, label-free proteomic analyses were conducted. In total, 1,927 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified from rhubarb samples treated by different drying methods. These DAPs were mainly involved in response and defense, signal transduction, starch, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and anthraquinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis. Smoke-drying significantly enhanced the expression of proteins involved in these metabolic pathways. Accordingly, the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of effective ingredients of rhubarb was clarified, which provided a novel insight into the biosynthesis of active ingredients that occur during the rhubarb dry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Mworia JK, Kibiti CM, Ngeranwa JJN, Ngugi MP. Anti-inflammatory potential of dichloromethane leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) and Senna didymobotrya (Fresenius) in mice. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:397-409. [PMID: 34394322 PMCID: PMC8356592 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is an immune response characterized by swelling, redness, pain and heat. Inflammation is mainly managed using conventional medicines that are associated with many side effects. Plant-based remedies are considerably better alternative therapies for they have fewer side effects. Objective This study aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory potential of dichloromethane (DCM) leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Senna didymobotrya in mice. Methods Fresh leaves of these plants were harvested from Embu County, Kenya. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-inflammatory test comprised nine groups of five animals each: normal, negative, positive controls and 6 experimental groups. Inflammation was induced with Carrageenan. One hour post-treatment, the different groups were intraperitoneally administered with the reference drug, diclofenac, 3% DMSO and six DCM leaf extracts at doses of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250mg/kgbw. Results GC-MS results revealed α-phellandrene, camphene, terpinolene, and limonene among others. Anti-inflammatory effects showed that extract doses of 100,150,200 and 250mg/kg bw significantly reduced the inflamed paw. Doses of 200 and 250mg/kgbw in both plants were more potent and compared with diclofenac. E. globulus extract dose of 250mg kg bw reduced inflamed paw in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours, by 2.27,6.52,9.09 and 10.90% respectively while S.didymobotrya at similar dose ranges, inflamed paw reduced by 2.41, 5.43, 8.31 and 9.05% respectively. Conclusion E. globulus and S. didymobotrya have potent anti-inflammatory activities, attributed to their constituent phytochemicals. This study confirms the traditional use of these plants in treating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kiambi Mworia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P.O Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Joseph JN Ngeranwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Dou Z, Dai Y, Zhou Y, Wang S. Quality evaluation of rhubarb based on qualitative analysis of the HPLC fingerprint and UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with quantitative analysis of eight anthraquinone glycosides by QAMS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5074. [PMID: 33453059 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb is one of the most ancient and important herbal medicines, but its current quality evaluation (QE) methods have some limitations. In this study, a new method was developed for the comprehensive QE of rhubarb. First, fingerprints of 28 batches of three species of rhubarb samples were determined by HPLC, the reference fingerprint was established and the common peaks were assigned. Second, the components of common peaks in the fingerprints were identified by ultrafast liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Finally, a method for the simultaneous determination of the contents of eight anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb using quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker (QAMS) was established, and the contents of these eight components in 28 batches of rhubarb determined by QAMS and the external standard method were compared. The results showed that there were 31 common peaks in the rhubarb fingerprint. The components of these 31 common peaks were identified, and 20 of them were unambiguously confirmed by reference substances, including eight anthraquinone glycosides. The contents of eight anthraquinone glycosides in the 28 batches of rhubarb determined by QAMS and the external standard method were not significantly different. In conclusion, the method established in this study can be used for the comprehensive QE of rhubarb and can also provide a reference for the QE of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Dou
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhong Zhou
- Jinghua Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Nantong, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Xiang H, Zuo J, Guo F, Dong D. What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 32863857 PMCID: PMC7448319 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb (also named Rhei or Dahuang), one of the most ancient and important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), belongs to the Rheum L. genus from the Polygonaceae family, and its application can be traced back to 270 BC in "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". Rhubarb has long been used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer medicine in China. However, for a variety of reasons, such as origin, variety and processing methods, there are differences in the effective components of rhubarb, which eventually lead to decreased quality and poor efficacy. Additionally, although some papers have reviewed the relationship between the active ingredients of rhubarb and pharmacologic actions, most studies have concentrated on one or several aspects, although there has been great progress in rhubarb research in recent years. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent studies on the geographic distribution, taxonomic identification, pharmacology, clinical applications and safety issues related to rhubarb and provide insights into the further development and application of rhubarb in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Yuan H, Kang J, Xie H, Long X, Qi L, Xie C, Gong G. Clinical study for external washing by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of multiple infectious wounds of diabetic foot: Study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19841. [PMID: 32332634 PMCID: PMC7220697 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot (DF) is among the most serious complications of type 2 diabetes. DF infection (DFI) is a key factor in the deterioration and development of DF, so controlling infection plays an important role in the treatment of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine foot bath has been widely used in China as a complementary and alternative therapy to improve circulation and infection control of DF. However, the existing evidence shows that its efficacy and safety are still insufficient. We report a study protocol about a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial which aims to make well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine foot bath decoction (FBD) and explore the mechanism of external washing of Chinese herbs in DFI. METHODS This study is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial in which 60 eligible participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group at a 1:2 ratio. Both groups received the same basic treatment for DF disease, the experimental group used FBD and ordinary dressing changes, while half of the patients in the control group received placebo and ordinary dressings, and the other half received placebo and silver ion dressings. Patients in both groups will be evaluated weekly for efficacy during the intervention. The primary efficacy indicators include the types of wound pathogens, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Secondary efficacy indicators included blood glucose, blood lipids, wound area, lower extremity blood vessel diameter, blood flow speed, walking speed, walking distance, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores. We will also conduct a safety evaluation of the drug at the end of the trial. DISCUSSION This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo clinical trial not only provides data on the efficacy and safety of FBD, but also provides a novel treatment strategy for clinicians and DF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Haipo Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Jian Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Xinhua Long
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Luguang Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Guangming Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
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Kalisz S, Oszmiański J, Kolniak-Ostek J, Grobelna A, Kieliszek M, Cendrowski A. Effect of a variety of polyphenols compounds and antioxidant properties of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Brickel JA, Matulka RA, Burdock GA. The explosion in the use of natural substances and the need for new comprehensive risk assessments. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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