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Piluzza G, Campesi G, D'hallewin G, Molinu MG, Re GA, Sanna F, Sulas L. Antioxidants in Fruit Fractions of Mediterranean Ancient Pear Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083559. [PMID: 37110793 PMCID: PMC10144750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of Sardinian pear germplasm has received limited attention regarding its chemical composition. Understanding this composition can aid in the setting up of resilient, extensive groves that offer multiple products and ecosystem services. This research aimed at investigating the antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds of ancient pear cultivars grown extensively in Sardinia (Italy); Methods: the cultivars Buttiru, Camusina, Spadona, and Coscia (as a reference) were compared. Fruit samples were manually peeled and cut. Their flesh, peel, core, and peduncle were frozen separately, lyophilized, and milled before being analysed; Results: The content of total phenolics (TotP), total flavonoids (TotF), condensed tannins (CT), and antioxidant capacity in each fruit part varied significantly among the cultivars. The TotP content was high in the peduncle (42.2-58.8 g GAE kg-1 DM) and low in flesh (6.4-17.7 g GAE kg-1 DM); Conclusions: the highest values of antioxidant capacity, TotP, NTP, TotF, and CT were found in the flesh of the cultivar Buttiru and in the peel of the cultivar Camusina. Chlorogenic acid was the major individual phenolic compound in peel, flesh and core, whereas arbutin was mostly present in the peduncle. Results can contribute to revise target exploitations of underutilized ancient pear cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Guy D'hallewin
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Sanna
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Molinu MG, Sulas L, Campesi G, Re GA, Sanna F, Piluzza G. Subterranean Clover and Sulla as Valuable and Complementary Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Rainfed Mediterranean Farming Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020417. [PMID: 36679130 PMCID: PMC9860895 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes are important components of sustainable production systems. Subterranean clover and sulla represent key species having proven high agronomic value and traits for production and multiple services. Our research investigated the potential of the abovementioned species as a source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants for contributing to support their full exploitation in the fodder, animal welfare, and nutraceutical sectors. Antioxidant capacity, as well as the content of total phenolic compounds and individual phenolic compounds, was determined in subterranean clover and sulla shoots at the vegetative, flower bud, flowering, and seed ripening phenological stages. The antioxidant capacity and the phenolic content were affected significantly by harvest time. In subterranean clover, 10 individual phenolic compounds were detected, and isoflavones were the most abundant (3.19-18.27 mg·g-1 DM). Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in sulla shoots, and chlorogenic acid (0.76-3.43 mg·g-1 DM) and diosmin (3.64-4.94 mg·g-1 DM) were the most represented compounds at the vegetative and flower bud stage. On the basis of our findings, a complementary utilization of both legume species is suggested; this might ensure the exploitation of all phenolic compounds in view of the potential benefits for animal production and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-2841606
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Sanna
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Salim A, Deiana P, Fancello F, Molinu MG, Santona M, Zara S. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Pomegranate Peel Phenolic Compounds: Varietal Screening Through a Multivariate Approach. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Ziagova MG, Mavromatidou C, Samiotis G, Amanatidou E. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Greek medicinal and aromatic plant extracts using pulsed electric field followed by ultrasounds extraction process. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Ziagova
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Western Macedonia Greece
| | - Charoula Mavromatidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Western Macedonia Greece
| | - Georgios Samiotis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Western Macedonia Greece
| | - Elisavet Amanatidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Water and Wastewater Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Western Macedonia Greece
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Sanna F, Piluzza G, Campesi G, Molinu MG, Re GA, Sulas L. Antioxidant Contents in a Mediterranean Population of Plantago lanceolata L. Exploited for Quarry Reclamation Interventions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060791. [PMID: 35336673 PMCID: PMC8950243 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plantago lanceolata L. (plantain) is an interesting multipurpose perennial species whose aerial parts are used in herbal medicine due to its precious phytochemicals and are palatable to animals. Moreover, peculiar traits such as drought tolerance, an extended growth season and a deep root system, make plantain a promising pioneer plant for quarry reclamation based on the use of native species. This study evaluated the effects of different environmental conditions and seasons on the accumulation of the bioactive compounds of its aerial organs. An autochthonous plantain population was grown in three locations in Sardinia (Italy). Leaves, peduncles and inflorescences were collected between October 2020 and July 2021. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. The analysis of the individual phenolic compounds was performed using liquid chromatography. In leaves, the content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and total flavonoids were significantly influenced by location and season. Total phenolic content ranged from 65 to 240 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1, whereas total flavonoids were from 16 to about 89 g catechin equivalent kg-1. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic acids, verbascoside, diosmin and luteolin were identified in the methanolic extracts of leaves, peduncles and inflorescences. Verbascoside was the main antioxidant isolated from plantain extracts. Results evidenced an increasing accumulation pattern of phenolics from vegetative stage to flowering, followed by a decrement towards the seed ripening as well as site-specific differences with amounts of phenolics even 25% higher for same plantain accession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sanna
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-2841608
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.); (L.S.)
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Xiang P, Zhu Q, Tukhvatshin M, Cheng B, Tan M, Liu J, Wang X, Huang J, Gao S, Lin D, Zhang Y, Wu L, Lin J. Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:478. [PMID: 34670494 PMCID: PMC8527772 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response mechanism of catechins biosynthesis to light intensity changes. RESULTS In the 250 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 treatment, the contents of epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and total catechins were increased by 98.94, 14.5 and 13.0% respectively, compared with those in the 550 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 treatment. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced in the 250 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 treatment, including the electron transport rate, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and expression of related genes (such as CspsbA, CspsbB, CspsbC, CspsbD, CsPsbR and CsGLK1). In contrast, the extremely low or high light intensity decreased the catechins accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the response of catechins biosynthesis to the light intensity was mediated by the photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. Appropriately high light upregulated the expression of genes related to photosynthetic capacity to improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and electron transfer rate (ETR), which enhanced the contents of substrates for non-esterified catechins biosynthesis (such as EGC). Meanwhile, these photosynthetic capacity-related genes and gallic acid (GA) biosynthesis-related genes (CsaroB, CsaroDE1, CsaroDE2 and CsaroDE3) co-regulated the response of GA accumulation to light intensity. Eventually, the epigallocatechin gallate content was enhanced by the increased contents of its precursors (EGC and GA) and the upregulation of the CsSCPL gene. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the catechin content and photosynthetic capacity of tea plants increased under appropriately high light intensities (250 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 and 350 μmol·m- 2·s- 1) but decreased under extremely low or high light intensities (150 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 or 550 μmol·m- 2·s- 1). We found that the control of catechin accumulation by light intensity in tea plants is mediated by the plant photosynthetic capacity. The research provided useful information for improving catechins content and its light-intensity regulation mechanism in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiufang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Marat Tukhvatshin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bosi Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xingjian Wang
- Institute of Photobiological Industry, Fujian Sanan Sino-Science Photobiotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuilian Gao
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongyi Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liangyu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinke Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids). SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.
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Chaka BA, Osano AM, Maghanga JK, Magu MM. Optimization of Bioslurry-Available Plant Nutrients Using T. brownii and Acanthaceae spp. Biocatalysts. ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 2020; 2020:1-12. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4526485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant extracts of T. brownii and Acanthaceae spp. have been used as biocatalysts by several communities in Kenya to hasten anaerobic digestion. This study aimed at assessing the viability of these two extracts in hastening the availability of plant nutrients from bioslurry at ambient conditions. A controlled research design was followed using uncooked kitchen waste as the substrate for 28 retention days. Changes in bioslurry physicochemical properties and available plant nutrients were monitored every 7 days using wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. The findings indicated that the two extracts significantly impacted the levels of available plant nutrients in the bioslurry compared to the control samples. T. brownii additives significantly increased the levels of lime content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphoric acid, sulfur, and soluble silicic acid. On the contrary, Acanthaceae spp. additives significantly increased the levels of calcium, potassium, nitrates, total ammoniacal nitrogen, sulfates, and phosphates in the bioslurry samples. The use of these plant extracts thus reduces the time taken while increasing the concentration of available plant nutrients from bioslurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakari A. Chaka
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya
| | - Aloys M. Osano
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya
| | - Justin K. Maghanga
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physical Sciences, Taita Taveta University, P.O. Box 635-80300, Voi, Kenya
| | - Martin M. Magu
- Department of Chemistry, Multimedia University of Kenya, P.O. Box 15653-00503, Nairobi, Kenya
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Piluzza G, Campesi G, Molinu MG, Re GA, Sulas L. Bioactive Compounds from Leaves and Twigs of Guayule Grown in a Mediterranean Environment. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040442. [PMID: 32252364 PMCID: PMC7238410 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) is one of the most promising alternatives to produce natural rubber. As the guayule leaves represent a waste byproduct in the rubber extraction process, their exploitation might contribute to the valorization of the whole plant biomass. The specific aim of our study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and the content of phenolic compounds in leaves and twigs of different guayule lines cultivated in a Mediterranean environment. The antioxidant capacity and the contents of phenolic were affected significantly by guayule accession and harvest time. Overall means in twigs represented about 60% of the corresponding leaf values for antioxidant capacity as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and not tannic phenolic and about 55% as ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt), total phenolic, tannic phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Five individual phenolic compounds were identified in methanolic extracts of leaves. Neochlorogenic acid (62.5–174.8 mg g−1 DW) and chlorogenic acid (28.6–41.1 mg g−1 DW) were the most abundant phenolic acids. In addition to the compounds quantified in leaves, cynarin was identified only in twigs and for the first time in guayule biomass. Our results indicate that guayule leaves and twigs represent a rich source of antioxidants for potential applications in fodder, nutraceutical and pharmacological sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (G.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-2841606
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Molinu MG, Piluzza G, Campesi G, Sulas L, Re GA. Antioxidant Sources from Leaves of Russian Dandelion. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900250. [PMID: 31250533 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is a dandelion species native to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and north-west China, considered as a promising alternative source of natural rubber from its roots. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible exploitation of TKS leaves, a rubber byproduct, as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties for potential applications in forage, nutraceutical and pharmacological fields. Two accessions (TKS016, TKS018) grown under Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia were evaluated at vegetative and flowering stages. The leaves of TKS018 had the highest antioxidant capacity (19.6 mmol trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g-1 ), total phenolic (106.4 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 ), tannic phenolics (58.5 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 ) and total flavonoid contents (22.9 g catechin equivalent kg-1 ). At both phenological stages, TKS016 showed significantly lower values than TKS018 in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and tannic phenolics. Six individual molecules were identified, namely chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, caffeic, sinapic, chicoric and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids. Chicoric (8.53-10.68 g kg-1 DW) and chlorogenic acids (4.18-7.04 g kg-1 DW) were the most abundant. TKS leaves represent a valuable source of chicoric acid with potential application as antioxidant to be used as herbal medicine and nutrition for production of healthy food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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