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Ma J, Liu H, Liu M, Xu J, Lu J, Cao S, Li S, Ma S, Wang Z, Zhu X, Li D, Sun H, Shi Y, Cui Y. Effects of Diets Combining Peanut Vine and Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Microbiota of Simmental Crossbred Cattle. Foods 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 37893679 PMCID: PMC10606686 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut vine is a typical peanut by-product and can be used as a quality roughage resource. Whole-plant corn silage is a commonly used roughage. However, few studies have investigated the effects of diets combining peanut vine and whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation and microbiota of beef cattle. To investigate these effects, eighty Simmental crossbred cattle (body weight, 451.27 ± 10.38 kg) approximately 14 months old were randomly divided into four treatments for a 90-day feeding experiment. A one-way design method was used in this experiment. According to the roughage composition, the cattle were divided into a control treatment of 45% wheat straw and 55% whole-plant corn silage (WG), and three treatments of 25% peanut vine and 75% whole-plant corn silage (LPG), 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage (MPG), and 65% peanut vine and 35% whole-plant corn silage (HPG), and the concentrate was the same for all four treatment diets. The results showed that compared to the WG group, the MPG group experienced an increase in their average daily feed intake of 14%, an average daily gain of 32%, and an increase in SOD activity in the spleen of 33%; in the meat, dry matter content increased by 11%, crude protein by 9%, and ether extract content by 40%; in the rumen, the NH3-N content was reduced by 36%, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased (p < 0.05). These results showed the composition of 45% peanut vine and 55% whole-plant corn silage in the roughage improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation, and microbiota of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Jiading Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Y.C.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Liu X, Mi S, Li W, Zhang J, Augustino SMA, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Xiao W, Yu Y. Molecular regulatory mechanism of key LncRNAs in subclinical mastitic cows with folic acid supplementation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:464. [PMID: 37592228 PMCID: PMC10436419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (B9), which is closely related to the body's immune and other metabolic pathways. The folic acid synthesized by rumen microbes has been unable to meet the needs of high-yielding dairy cows. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds worldwide ranged between 25%~65% with no obvious symptoms, but it significantly causes a decrease in lactation and milk quality. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the effects of folic acid supplementation on the expression profile of lncRNAs, exploring the molecular mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate immunity in subclinical mastitic dairy cows. RESULTS The analysis identified a total of 4384 lncRNA transcripts. Subsequently, differentially expressed lncRNAs in the comparison of two groups (SF vs. SC, HF vs. HC) were identified to be 84 and 55 respectively. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the KEGG enrichment analysis result showed that folic acid supplementation affects inflammation and immune response-related pathways. The two groups have few pathways in common. One important lncRNA MSTRG.11108.1 and its target genes (ICAM1, CCL3, CCL4, etc.) were involved in immune-related pathways. Finally, through integrated analysis of lncRNAs with GWAS data and animal QTL database, we found that differential lncRNA and its target genes could be significantly enriched in SNPs and QTLs related to somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis, such as MSTRG.11108.1 and its target gene ICAM1, CXCL3, GRO1. CONCLUSIONS For subclinical mastitic cows, folic acid supplementation can significantly affect the expression of immune-related pathway genes such as ICAM1 by regulating lncRNAs MSTRG.11108.1, thereby affecting related immune phenotypes. Our findings laid a ground foundation for theoretical and practical application for feeding folic acid supplementation in subclinical mastitic cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Serafino M A Augustino
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P. O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Girard CL, Duplessis M. Review: State of the knowledge on the importance of folates and cobalamin for dairy cow metabolism. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 3:100834. [PMID: 37210233 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of B vitamins by the rumen microbiota is usually sufficient to avoid the appearance of clinical deficiency symptoms in dairy cows under normal feeding conditions. Nevertheless, it is now generally accepted that vitamin deficiency is much more than the appearance of major functional and morphological symptoms. Subclinical deficiency, which is present as soon as the supply is lower than the need, causes cellular metabolic changes leading to a loss of metabolic efficiency. Folates and cobalamin, two B vitamins, share close metabolic relationships. Folates act as co-substrates in one-carbon metabolism, providing one-carbon unit for DNA synthesis and de novo synthesis of methyl groups for the methylation cycle. Cobalamin acts as a coenzyme for reactions in the metabolism of amino acids, odd-numbered chain fatty acids including propionate and de novo synthesis of methyl groups. Both vitamins are involved in reactions to support lipid and protein metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, methylation reactions and possibly, maintenance of redox status. Over the last decades, several studies have reported the beneficial effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements on lactation performance of dairy cows. These observations indicate that, even when cows are fed diets adequately balanced for energy and major nutrients, B-vitamin subclinical deficiency could be present. This condition reduces casein synthesis in the mammary gland and milk and milk component yields. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements, especially when given together, may alter energy partitioning in dairy cows during early and mid-lactation as indicated by increased milk, energy-corrected milk, or milk component yields without affecting DM intake and BW or even with reductions in BW or body condition loss. Folate and cobalamin subclinical deficiency interferes with efficiency of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation and possibly alters responses to oxidative conditions. The present review aims to describe the metabolic pathways affected by folate and cobalamin supply and the consequences of a suboptimal supply on metabolic efficiency. The state of knowledge on the estimation of folate and cobalamin supply is also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Girard
- Centre de recherche et développement de Sherbrooke, Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, 2000 rue Collège, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - M Duplessis
- Centre de recherche et développement de Sherbrooke, Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, 2000 rue Collège, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, Canada
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Liu Y, Yang J, Liu X, Liu R, Wang Y, Huang X, Li Y, Liu R, Yang X. Dietary folic acid addition reduces abdominal fat deposition mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and SCFA production in broilers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:54-62. [PMID: 36439290 PMCID: PMC9684696 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intensive selective breeding for high growth rate and body weight cause excess abdominal fat in broilers. Gut microbiota and folic acid were reported to regulate lipid metabolism. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were divided into the control (folic acid at 1.3 mg/kg) and folic acid groups (folic acid at 13 mg/kg) to illustrate the effects of folic acid on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, and gut microbiota, and the experiment lasted 28 d. Results revealed that dietary folic acid addition decreased abdominal fat percentage (P < 0.05) and down-regulated genes expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation in abdominal fat including IGF1, EGF, C/EBPα, PPARγ, PLIN1, FABP4 and PCNA (P < 0.05). Folic acid addition decreased caecal Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.01) and increased the proportions of Alistipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Dehalobacterium and Parabacteroides (P < 0.05). Caecal acetic acid, and propionic acid contents were found to be higher under folic acid treatment (P < 0.05), which were negatively related to genes expression associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.05). Ruminococcus was positively correlated with caecal acetic acid content, and the same phenomenon was detected between propionic acid and Oscillospira and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05). Acetic acid and Oscillospira were identified to be negatively associated with abdominal fat percentage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of folic acid reduced fat deposition in broilers by inhibiting abdominal adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, which might be mediated by changes in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinhuo Huang
- Nano Vitamin Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yingge Li
- Shaanxi Province Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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5
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Effects of Supplementary Concentrate and/or Rumen-protected Lysine Plus Methionine on Productive Performance, Milk Composition, Rumen Fermentation, and Bacterial Population in Grazing, Lactating Yaks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Bao X, Feng H, Guo G, Huo W, Li Q, Xu Q, Liu Q, Wang C, Chen L. Effects of laccase and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035942. [PMID: 36274744 PMCID: PMC9582240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa. The application of laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus combination was more potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage than laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus alone, as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic acid to acetic acid ratios, and lower pH, dry matter losses, and ammonia nitrogen contents. Moreover, treatments with additive enhanced protein preservation and structural carbohydrate degradation, while increasing true protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents. By promoting lignin degradation, treatments containing laccase further facilitated the release of sugars from cellulose compared with treatment with Pediococcus pentosaceus alone. The additive treatments reduced the bacterial diversity and optimized the bacterial community composition of silage, with an increase in the relative abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and a decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable Enterobacter and Klebsiella. PICRUSt functional prediction based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases revealed that PL and LPL treatments increased the metabolism of membrane transport, carbohydrate, and terpenoids and polyketides related to fermentation activities. It can be concluded that bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and Pediococcus pentosaceus combination can be an effective and practical strategy to improve silage fermentation and nutrient preservation of alfalfa silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Chen,
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8
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Girard CL, Duplessis M. The Importance of B Vitamins in Enhanced Precision Nutrition of Dairy Cows: The Case of Folates and Vitamin B12. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cow diets are generally balanced for energy and major nutrients with B vitamins generally assumed not to be limiting, in spite of their role as coenzymes, essential to many metabolic reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Assuming adequacy of B-vitamin supply may explain some of the discrepancies between the outcomes of metabolic prediction models and measured cow performance. In lactating dairy cow, the amount of B vitamins from the diet and synthesized by the ruminal microbiota is generally sufficient to prevent deficiency symptoms and, as such, is assumed to fulfill requirements. However, reports of beneficial effects of B-vitamin supplementation on dairy cow performance suggest that B-vitamin supply is sometimes lower than its needs, as an insufficient B-vitamin supply decreases metabolic efficiency by driving a shift towards alternative metabolic pathways with greater energy cost. Using information on folates and vitamin B12 illustrated how meeting dairy cow needs for B vitamins should not be overlooked in formulation of rations for lactating dairy cattle. The present review discusses current knowledge and indicates areas presently impeded by the lack of research results, especially the limitations on the ability to estimate B vitamin need and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélissa Duplessis
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 6337, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminant Animals: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes excreted by rumen microbiome facilitate the conversion of ingested plant materials into major nutrients (e.g., volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial proteins) required for animal growth. Diet, animal age, and health affect the structure of the rumen microbial community. Pathogenic organisms in the rumen negatively affect fermentation processes in favor of energy loss and animal deprivation of nutrients in ingested feed. Drawing from the ban on antibiotic use during the last decade, the livestock industry has been focused on increasing rumen microbial nutrient supply to ruminants through the use of natural supplements that are capable of promoting the activity of beneficial rumen microflora. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral commonly used as a supplement to regulate animal metabolism. However, a clear understanding of its effects on rumen microbial composition and rumen fermentation is not available. This review summarized the available literature for the effects of Se on specific rumen microorganisms along with consequences for rumen fermentation and digestibility. Some positive effects on total VFA, the molar proportion of propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ruminal NH3-N, pH, enzymatic activity, ruminal microbiome composition, and digestibility were recorded. Because Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) were more effective than other forms of Se, more studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of synthetic SeNPs and lactic acid bacteria enriched with sodium selenite as a biological source of SeNPs and probiotics. Future studies also need to evaluate the effect of dietary Se on methane emissions.
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10
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Arshad MA, Ebeid HM, Hassan FU. Revisiting the Effects of Different Dietary Sources of Selenium on the Health and Performance of Dairy Animals: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3319-3337. [PMID: 33188458 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is one of the most important essential trace elements in livestock production. It is a structural component in at least 25 selenoproteins such as the iodothyronine deiodinases and thioredoxin reductases as selenocysteine at critical positions in the active sites of these enzymes. It is also involved in the synthesis of the thyroid hormone and influences overall body metabolism. Selenium being a component of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme also plays a key role in the antioxidant defense system of animals. Dietary requirements of Se in dairy animals depend on physiological status, endogenous Se content, Se source, and route of administration. Most of the dietary Se is absorbed through the duodenum in ruminants and also some portion through the rumen wall. Inorganic Se salts such as Na-selenate and Na-selenite have shown lower bioavailability than organic and nano-Se. Selenium deficiency has been associated with reproductive disorders such as retained placenta, abortion, early embryonic death, and infertility, together with muscular diseases (like white muscle disease and skeletal and cardiac muscle necrosis). The deficiency of Se can also affect the udder health particularly favoring clinical and subclinical mastitis, along with an increase of milk somatic cell counts in dairy animals. However, excessive Se supplementation (5 to 8 mg/kg DM) can lead to acute toxicity including chronic and acute selenosis. Se is the most vital trace element for the optimum performance of dairy animals. This review focuses to provide insights into the comparative efficacy of different forms of dietary Se (inorganic, organic, and nano-Se) on the health and production of dairy animals and milk Se content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hossam Mahrous Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China.
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11
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Chen L, Bao X, Guo G, Huo W, Li Q, Xu Q, Wang C, Liu Q. Evaluation of gallnut tannin and Lactobacillus plantarum as natural modifiers for alfalfa silage: Ensiling characteristics, in vitro ruminal methane production, fermentation profile and microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:907-918. [PMID: 34347910 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The potential of gallnut tannin (GT) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on fermentation characteristics, in vitro ruminal methane (CH4 ) production and microbiota of alfalfa silage was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Alfalfa was ensiled with GT (20 and 50 g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) and LP (3 × 108 CFU per gram fresh matter) alone or in combination for 60 days. The GT and LP alone or in combination decreased DM losses, pH and non-protein nitrogen contents of alfalfa silage. All additive treatments decreased ruminal CH4 production, and increased propionic acid molar proportions and Fibrobacter succinogenes numbers. The LP treatment increased nutrient degradation, cellobiase, pectinase and protease activities, and Prevotella ruminicola abundance, whereas high-dose GT treatment inhibited these variables. Importantly, LP together with GT alleviated the adverse effects of high-dose GT supply alone by enhancing pectinase and protease activities as well as Rumincoccus flavefaciens and P. ruminicola growth. CONCLUSIONS Combination of GT and LP can be used as an efficient additive to improve silage quality and utilization by ruminants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Using GT-LP combination has practical implications, particularly concerning effects of tannins on ruminal CH4 mitigation, which may alleviate inhibitory effects of tannins on feed digestion through modulating ruminal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xueyan Bao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, China
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12
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Chen L, Bao X, Guo G, Huo W, Xu Q, Wang C, Liu Q. Treatment of alfalfa silage with tannin acid at different levels modulates ensiling characteristics, methane mitigation, ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Effects of Hydrolysable Tannin with or without Condensed Tannin on Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Ruminal Methane Production, Fermentation Patterns, and Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071967. [PMID: 34209256 PMCID: PMC8300162 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The sustainability of livestock husbandry requires efficient nitrogen and energy utilization by ruminants fed high-forage diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolysable tannin (HT) without or with condensed tannin (CT) on modulating the ensiling characteristics, methane production, ruminal fermentation profile, and microbiota of alfalfa silage. The results showed that adding HT, alone or in combination with CT, to alfalfa at ensiling improves fermentation quality and reduces ruminal methane production of alfalfa silage. Moreover, HT and CT in combination are more potent in modulating fermentation quality and methanogenesis than HT only; however, the high level of inclusion will impair silage degradation and microbiota in the rumen. Importantly, the results from this study revealed that a combination of HT and CT with complementary mechanisms at low doses can improve N utilization efficiency and methane mitigation of silage feed without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota. The findings in this study are of practical importance for the effective use of tannins as an additive for improving silage quality and utilization by ruminants. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of hydrolysable tannin (chestnut tannin, CHT) without or with condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) for modulating alfalfa silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal methane (CH4) production, fermentation profile, and microbiota. Alfalfa (235 g/kg fresh weight) was ensiled with no tannins (control), 2% CHT (CHT2), 5% CHT (CHT5), the combination of CHT and QT at 1% each (CHQ2), and CHT and QT at 2.5% each (CHQ5) of forage dry matter (DM). The CHQ2 treatment was more effective in reducing DM losses, pH, and ammonia–nitrogen to total nitrogen ratios of alfalfa silage than CHT2 and CHT5 treatments. All tannin treatments decreased ruminal CH4 production, and the magnitude of the decrease was greater for the combinations than the individual ones. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and DM degradation decreased by tannin treatments, but microbial protein (MCP) synthesis increased. The total VFA concentrations and DM degradation were lower with CHQ2 treatment than with CHT5 and CHQ5 treatments, but the MCP concentrations were comparable among these treatments. Tannin inclusion decreased the abundance of the anaerobic fungi Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, but enhanced Fibrobacter succinogenes. The combination of CHT and QT alleviated the inhibition of CHT supply alone in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminobacer amylophilus, and Prevotella ruminicola as well as protease. The results revealed that a combination of HT from CHT and CT from QT at a low level can reduce proteolysis and CH4 production of alfalfa silage without impairing ruminal fermentation and microbiota.
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Coleman DN, Alharthi AS, Liang Y, Lopes MG, Lopreiato V, Vailati-Riboni M, Loor JJ. Multifaceted role of one-carbon metabolism on immunometabolic control and growth during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period in dairy cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 33536062 PMCID: PMC7860211 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle undergo dramatic metabolic, endocrine, physiologic and immune changes during the peripartal period largely due to combined increases in energy requirements for fetal growth and development, milk production, and decreased dry matter intake. The negative nutrient balance that develops results in body fat mobilization, subsequently leading to triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the liver along with reductions in liver function, immune dysfunction and a state of inflammation and oxidative stress. Mobilization of muscle and gluconeogenesis are also enhanced, while intake of vitamins and minerals is decreased, contributing to metabolic and immune dysfunction and oxidative stress. Enhancing post-ruminal supply of methyl donors is one approach that may improve immunometabolism and production synergistically in peripartal cows. At the cellular level, methyl donors (e.g. methionine, choline, betaine and folic acid) interact through one-carbon metabolism to modulate metabolism, immune responses and epigenetic events. By modulating those pathways, methyl donors may help increase the export of very low-density lipoproteins to reduce liver TAG and contribute to antioxidant synthesis to alleviate oxidative stress. Thus, altering one-carbon metabolism through methyl donor supplementation is a viable option to modulate immunometabolism during the peripartal period. This review explores available data on the regulation of one-carbon metabolism pathways in dairy cows in the context of enzyme regulation, cellular sensors and signaling mechanisms that might respond to increased dietary supply of specific methyl donors. Effects of methyl donors beyond the one-carbon metabolism pathways, including production performance, immune cell function, mechanistic target or rapamycin signaling, and fatty acid oxidation will also be highlighted. Furthermore, the effects of body condition and feeding system (total mixed ration vs. pasture) on one-carbon metabolism pathways are explored. Potential effects of methyl donor supply during the pepartum period on dairy calf growth and development also are discussed. Lastly, practical nutritional recommendations related to methyl donor metabolism during the peripartal period are presented. Nutritional management during the peripartal period is a fertile area of research, hence, underscoring the importance for developing a systems understanding of the potential immunometabolic role that dietary methyl donors play during this period to promote health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Matheus Gomes Lopes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Chao R, Xia C, Pei C, Huo W, Liu Q, Zhang C, Ren Y. Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:26-34. [PMID: 33029865 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Chao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chengqiang Xia
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Youshe Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Dai S, Wang Y, Tian X, Zhao J, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W. Effects of sodium selenite and coated sodium selenite addition on performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression related to lipid metabolism in dairy bulls. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shang X, Wang C, Zhang G, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang J, Pei C. Effects of soybean oil and dietary copper levels on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, enzyme activity, microflora and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:257-270. [PMID: 31718315 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1679562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of soybean oil (SO) and dietary copper levels on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, enzyme activity, microflora and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Eight Holstein rumen-cannulated bulls (14 ± 0.2 months of age and 326 ± 8.9 kg of body weight) were allocated into a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors being 0 or 40 g/kg dietary dry matter (DM) of SO and 0 or 7.68 mg/kg DM of Cu from copper sulphate (CS). The basal diet contained per kg DM 500 g of corn silage, 500 g of concentrate, 28 g of ether extract (EE) and 7.5 mg of Cu. The SO × CS interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for ruminal propionate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio. Dietary SO addition increased (p < 0.05) intake and total tract digestibility of EE but did not affect average daily gain (ADG) of bulls. Dietary CS addition did not affect nutrient intake but increased (p < 0.05) ADG and total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Ruminal pH was not affected by treatments. Dietary SO addition did not affect ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, decreased (p < 0.05) acetate proportion and ammonia N and increased (p < 0.05) propionate proportion. Dietary CS addition did not affect ammonia N, increased (p < 0.05) total VFA concentration and acetate proportion and decreased (p < 0.05) propionate proportion. Acetate to propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.05) with SO addition and increased (p < 0.05) with CS addition. Dietary SO addition decreased (p < 0.05) activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase and xylanase as well as population of fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens but increased (p < 0.05) α-amylase activity and population of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus. Dietary CS addition increased (p < 0.05) activity of cellulolytic enzyme and protease as well as population of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, methanogens, primary cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria. Microbial protein synthesis was unchanged with SO addition but increased (p < 0.05) with CS addition. The results indicated that the addition of CS promoted nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation by stimulating microbial growth and enzyme activity but did not relieve the negative effects of SO addition on ruminal fermentation in dairy bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Shang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
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