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Si Y, Kim S, Ou J, Lu Y, Ernst P, Chen K, Whitt J, Carter AM, Markert JM, Bibb JA, Chen H, Zhou L, Jaskula-Sztul R, Liu XM. Anti-SSTR2 antibody-drug conjugate for neuroendocrine tumor therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:799-812. [PMID: 32684623 PMCID: PMC7854894 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors include a diverse spectrum of hormone-secreting neoplasms that arise from the endocrine and nervous systems. Current chemo- and radio-therapies have marginal curative benefits. The goal of this study was to develop an innovative antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to effectively treat NE tumors (NETs). First, we confirmed that somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is an ideal cancer cell surface target by analyzing 38 patient-derived NET tissues, 33 normal organs, and three NET cell lines. Then, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mAb, IgG1, and kappa) to target two extracellular domains of SSTR2, which showed strong and specific surface binding to NETs. The ADC was constructed by conjugating the anti-SSTR2 mAb and antimitotic monomethyl auristatin E. In vitro evaluations indicated that the ADC can effectively bind, internalize, release payload, and kill NET cells. Finally, the ADC was evaluated in vivo using a NET xenograft mouse model to assess cancer-specific targeting, tolerated dosage, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor efficacy. The anti-SSTR2 ADC exclusively targeted and killed NET cells with minimal toxicity and high stability in vivo. This study demonstrates that the anti-SSTR2 ADC has a high-therapeutic potential for NET therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, UAB, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, UAB, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Chen G, Jaskula-Sztul R, Esquibel CR, Lou I, Zheng Q, Dammalapati A, Harrison A, Eliceiri KW, Tang W, Chen H, Gong S. Neuroendocrine Tumor-Targeted Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Micelles for Simultaneous NIR-Controlled Combination Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy, and Fluorescence Imaging. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1604671. [PMID: 28989337 PMCID: PMC5630134 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are slow growing, they are frequently metastatic at the time of discovery and no longer amenable to curative surgery, emphasizing the need for the development of other treatments. In this study, multifunctional upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based theranostic micelles are developed for NET-targeted and near-infrared (NIR)-controlled combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and bioimaging. The theranostic micelle is formed by individual UCNP functionalized with light-sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers poly(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate)-polyethylene glycol (PNBMA-PEG) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizers. A hydrophobic anticancer drug, AB3, is loaded into the micelles. The NIR-activated UCNPs emit multiple luminescence bands, including UV, 540 nm, and 650 nm. The UV peaks overlap with the absorption peak of photocleavable hydrophobic PNBMA segments, triggering a rapid drug release due to the NIR-induced hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition of the micelle core and thus enabling NIR-controlled chemotherapy. RB molecules are activated via luminescence resonance energy transfer to generate 1O2 for NIR-induced PDT. Meanwhile, the 650 nm emission allows for efficient fluorescence imaging. KE108, a true pansomatostatin nonapeptide, as an NET-targeting ligand, drastically increases the tumoral uptake of the micelles. Intravenously injected AB3-loaded UCNP-based micelles conjugated with RB and KE108-enabling NET-targeted combination chemotherapy and PDT-induce the best antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Corinne R Esquibel
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Irene Lou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qifeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ajitha Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - April Harrison
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Chen G, Jaskula-Sztul R, Harrison A, Dammalapati A, Xu W, Cheng Y, Chen H, Gong S. KE108-conjugated unimolecular micelles loaded with a novel HDAC inhibitor thailandepsin-A for targeted neuroendocrine cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2016; 97:22-33. [PMID: 27156249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers can cause significant patient morbidity. Besides surgery, there are no curative treatments for NE cancers and their metastases, emphasizing the need for the development of other forms of therapy. In this study, multifunctional unimolecular micelles were developed for targeted NE cancer therapy. The unimolecular micelles were formed by multi-arm star amphiphilic block copolymer poly(amidoamine)-poly(valerolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated with KE108 peptide and Cy5 dye (abbreviated as PAMAM-PVL-PEG-KE108/Cy5). The unimolecular micelles with a spherical core-shell structure exhibited a uniform size distribution and excellent stability. The hydrophobic drug thailandepsin-A (TDP-A), a recently discovered HDAC inhibitor, was physically encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of the micelles. KE108 peptide, a somatostatin analog possessing high affinity for all five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (SSTR 1-5), commonly overexpressed in NE cancer cells, was used for the first time as an NE cancer targeting ligand. KE108 exhibited superior targeting abilities compared to other common somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide, in NE cancer cell lines. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the TDP-A-loaded, KE108-targeted micelles exhibited the best capabilities in suppressing NE cancer cell growth. Moreover, the in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging on NE-tumor-bearing nude mice showed that KE108-conjugated micelles exhibited the greatest tumor accumulation due to their passive targeting and active targeting capabilities. Finally, TDP-A-loaded and KE108-conjugated micelles possessed the best anticancer efficacy without detectable systemic toxicity. Thus, these novel TDP-A-loaded and KE108-conjugated unimolecular micelles offer a promising approach for targeted NE cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - April Harrison
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Wenjin Xu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yiqiang Cheng
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Anto-Division, San Antonio, TX 76107, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Xiao Y, Jaskula-Sztul R, Javadi A, Xu W, Eide J, Dammalapati A, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Chen H, Gong S. Co-delivery of doxorubicin and siRNA using octreotide-conjugated gold nanorods for targeted neuroendocrine cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7185-93. [PMID: 23070403 PMCID: PMC3495135 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional gold (Au) nanorod (NR)-based nanocarrier capable of co-delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) against achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL1) and an anticancer drug (doxorubicin (DOX)) specifically to neuroendocrine (NE) cancer cells was developed and characterized for combined chemotherapy and siRNA-mediated gene silencing. The Au NR was conjugated with (1) DOX, an anticancer drug, via a pH-labile hydrazone linkage to enable pH-controlled drug release, (2) polyarginine, a cationic polymer for complexing siRNA, and (3) octreotide (OCT), a tumor-targeting ligand, to specifically target NE cancer cells with overexpressed somatostatin receptors. The Au NR-based nanocarriers exhibited a uniform size distribution as well as pH-sensitive drug release. The OCT-conjugated Au NR-based nanocarriers (Au-DOX-OCT, targeted) exhibited a much higher cellular uptake in a human carcinoid cell line (BON cells) than non-targeted Au NR-based nanocarriers (Au-DOX) as measured by both flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Moreover, Au-DOX-OCT-ASCL1 siRNA (Au-DOX-OCT complexed with ASCL1 siRNA) resulted in significantly higher gene silencing in NE cancer cells than Au-DOX-ASCL1 siRNA (non-targeted Au-DOX complexed with ASCL1 siRNA) as measured by an immunoblot analysis. Additionally, Au-DOX-OCT-ASCL1 siRNA was the most efficient nanocarrier at altering the NE phenotype of NE cancer cells and showed the strongest anti-proliferative effect. Thus, combined chemotherapy and RNA silencing using NE tumor-targeting Au NR-based nanocarriers could potentially enhance the therapeutic outcomes in treating NE cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Tel: + 1 6083164321
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA. Tel.: + 1 608 263 1387
| | - Alireza Javadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Tel: + 1 6083164321
| | - Wenjin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Tel: + 1 6083164321
| | - Jacob Eide
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA. Tel.: + 1 608 263 1387
| | - Ajitha Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA. Tel.: + 1 608 263 1387
| | | | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA. Tel.: + 1 608 263 1387
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Tel: + 1 6083164321
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