1
|
Zakhem GA, Pulavarty AN, Carucci J, Stevenson ML. Association of Patient Risk Factors, Tumor Characteristics, and Treatment Modality With Poor Outcomes in Primary Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:160-171. [PMID: 36576732 PMCID: PMC9857763 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Importance Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is usually curable; however, a subset of patients develops poor outcomes, including local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, and disease-specific death. Objectives To evaluate all evidence-based reports of patient risk factors and tumor characteristics associated with poor outcomes in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and to identify treatment modalities that minimize poor outcomes. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies of the topic in humans, published in the English language, from database inception through February 8, 2022. Study Selection Two authors independently screened the identified articles and included those that were original research with a sample size of 10 patients or more and that assessed risk factors and/or treatment modalities associated with poor outcomes among patients with primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was performed by a single author, per international guidelines. The search terms, study objectives, and protocol methods were defined before study initiation. A total of 310 studies were included for full-text assessment. Owing to heterogeneity of the included studies, a random-effects model was used. Data analyses were performed from May 25 to September 15, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures For studies of risk factors, risk ratios and incidence proportions; and for treatment studies, incidence proportions. Results In all, 129 studies and a total of 137 449 patients with primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and 126 553 tumors were included in the meta-analysis. Several patient risk factors and tumor characteristics were associated with local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, disease-specific death, and all-cause death were identified. Among all factors reported by more than 1 study, the highest risks for local recurrence and disease-specific death were associated with tumor invasion beyond subcutaneous fat (risk ratio, 9.1 [95% CI, 2.8-29.2] and 10.4 [95% CI, 3.0- 36.3], respectively), and the highest risk of any metastasis was associated with perineural invasion (risk ratio, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.3-11.1). Patients who received Mohs micrographic surgery had the lowest incidence of nearly all poor outcomes; however, in some results, the 95% CIs overlapped with those of other treatment modalities. Conclusions and Relevance This meta-analysis identified the prognostic value of several risk factors and the effectiveness of the available treatment modalities. These findings carry important implications for the prognostication, workup, treatment, and follow-up of patients with primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022311250.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Zakhem
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Akshay N. Pulavarty
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - John Carucci
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Mary L. Stevenson
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saeidi V, Doudican N, Carucci JA. Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084873. [PMID: 36793738 PMCID: PMC9922717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific death. cSCC results in up to 15,000 deaths each year in the United States. Until recently, non-surgical options for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC were largely ineffective. With the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, response rates climbed to 50%, representing a vast improvement over chemotherapeutic agents used previously. Herein, we discuss the phenotype and function of SCC associated Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T cells as well as SCC-associated lymphatics and blood vessels. Possible role(s) of SCC-associated cytokines in progression and invasion are reviewed. We also discuss the SCC immune microenvironment in the context of currently available and pipeline therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahide Saeidi
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Doudican
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - John A Carucci
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabinowits G, Migden MR, Schlesinger TE, Ferris RL, Freeman M, Guild V, Koyfman S, Pavlick AC, Swanson N, Wolf GT, Dinehart SM. Evidence-Based Consensus Recommendations for the Evolving Treatment of Patients with High-Risk and Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100045. [PMID: 34909742 PMCID: PMC8659794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer in the United States. Currently, there is no standardized management approach for patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma who develop metastatic or locally advanced disease and are not candidates for curative surgery or curative radiation. To address this issue, the Expert Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Leadership program convened an expert steering committee to develop evidence-based consensus recommendations on the basis of a large, structured literature review. Consensus was achieved through modified Delphi methodology. The steering committee included five dermatologists, three medical oncologists, two head and neck surgeons, one radiation oncologist, and a patient advocacy group representative. The steering committee aligned on the following clinical topics: diagnosis and identification of patients considered not candidates for surgery; staging systems and risk stratification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; the role of radiation therapy, surgery, and systemic therapy in the management of advanced disease, with a focus on immunotherapy; referral patterns; survivorship care; and inclusion of the patient’s perspective. Consensus was achieved on 34 recommendations addressing 12 key clinical questions. The Expert Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Leadership steering committee’s evidence-based consensus recommendations may provide healthcare professionals with practically oriented guidance to help optimize outcomes for patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rabinowits
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute/Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael R Migden
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Todd E Schlesinger
- Dermatology & Laser Center of Charleston, Summerville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morganna Freeman
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Shlomo Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Neil Swanson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott M Dinehart
- Arkansas Dermatology & Skin Cancer Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Wang X, Carvalho V, Wang Q, Li T, Wang J, Chen Y, Ni C, Liu S, Zhang J. Prognostic Value of Podoplanin in Various Tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211038142. [PMID: 34510990 PMCID: PMC8442494 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211038142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic significance of podoplanin (PDPN) in tumor cells for cancer
patients’ survival remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this
meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between the podoplanin-positive
tumor cells and cancer prognosis. Method: Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed and EBSCO online
databases up to August 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the correlation between
podoplanin expression and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival
(DFS) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs severed as the summarized
statistics for clinicopathological characteristic. Results: A total of 2155 patients from 21 eligible studies were included. The results
revealed that high expression of podoplanin was associated with a poor
survival rate in cancer patients. Further subgroup analysis stratified by
tumor type showed that podoplanin-positive tumor cell infiltration had a
negative prognostic effect associated with survival in esophageal cancer and
oropharyngeal cancer. In addition, high expression of these cells was
significantly associated with N stage, T stage, TNM stage and vascular
invasion. Conclusion: Our study suggests the over-expression of podoplanin might be a significant
prognostic indicator for patients with esophageal and oropharyngeal
cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Xiaohang Wang and Xueying Wang contributed equally to this article
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Xiaohang Wang and Xueying Wang contributed equally to this article
| | - Vladmir Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengming Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Subo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lubov J, Labbé M, Sioufi K, Morand GB, Hier MP, Khanna M, Sultanem K, Mlynarek AM. Prognostic factors of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:54. [PMID: 34493343 PMCID: PMC8425113 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNCSCC) is a non-melanoma skin cancer that is mostly caused by solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. While it usually has an excellent prognosis, a subset of patients (5%) develops nodal metastasis and has poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and evaluate the prognostic factors of HNCSCC in order to better understand which patients are the most likely to develop metastatic disease. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed and EMBASE to identify the studies that evaluated the prognostic factors of HNCSCC. Prognostic factors were deemed significant if they had a reported p-value of < 0.05. Proportions of studies that reported a given factor to be statistically significant were calculated for each prognostic factor. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 958 citations. Forty studies, involving a total of 8535 patients, were included in the final analysis. The pre-operative/clinical prognostic factors with the highest proportion of significance were state of immunosuppression (73.3%) and age (53.3%); while post-operative/pathological prognostic factors of importance were number of lymph nodes involved with carcinoma (70.0%), margins involved with carcinoma (66.7%), and tumor depth (50.0%). CONCLUSION This systematic review is aimed to aid physicians in assessing the prognosis of HNCSCC and identifying the subsets of patients that are most susceptible to metastasis. It also suggests that immunosuppressed patients with a high-risk feature on biopsy, such as invasion beyond subcutaneous fat, could possibly benefit from a sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lubov
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Mathilde Labbé
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Krystelle Sioufi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Grégoire B Morand
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Manish Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khalil Sultanem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex M Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General HospitalMcGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The scope of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:591-601. [PMID: 34462176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck cancer, and it remains a leading cause of death in developing countries. Failure to detect the disease at an early stage is the main reason for the lack of improvement in the overall survival rate over the decades. Even though tissue biopsy is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis and molecular workup, it is an invasive, expensive and time-consuming procedure. Besides, it may not indicate the genetic status of the entire tumour owing to the heterogeneity of the cancer. In this context, liquid biopsy could be quite useful as it provides a more representative picture of the circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, circulating RNA, and tumour-derived exosomes obtained from all types of body fluids. This technique provides real-time assessment of variations in the molecular profile of the whole tumour and enables the serial monitoring of the disease status. The method has many advantages, such as easy accessibility, reliability, reproducibility and the possibility for early detection of the disease. However, the concept is still in its infancy, and the research on its application in various tumours including OSCC is rapidly progressing.
Collapse
|
7
|
The Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry Findings and Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:313-318. [PMID: 33165065 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. Only 2% to 5% of SCCs metastasize; however, those do carry a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used by pathologists to characterize skin cancers and provide clinically useful information. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential prognostic associations between IHC findings and metastasis in SCC. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed for articles published between 1999 and 2019. Search criteria included key words "immunohistochemistry" and "cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma." Six hundred and fifty-three articles were returned and screened, which ultimately left 31 for inclusion in our manuscript. RESULTS Thirty-one articles analyzed in this review included a discussion of the expression of a particular IHC marker and the associated risk of metastasis and/or clinical utility of IHC markers in SCC, especially metastatic SCC. Markers that had several or more studies supporting clinical utility were E-cadherin, podoplanin, CD8+ T cells, PD-L1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Cyclin D1. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry profiling of SCC may be useful in select cases when providing a prognosis remains challenging and in identification of potential therapeutic targets for high-risk or metastatic tumors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mulvaney PM, Massey PR, Yu KK, Drinan JE, Schmults CD. Differential Molecular Expression Patterns Associated with Metastasis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2161-2169. [PMID: 33771528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are treated by surgical removal; however, approximately 4% of tumors will metastasize. Molecular expression testing may improve accuracy in estimating the prognosis and defining the mechanisms important in the disease progression, which may impact response to therapy. Using PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE, a systematic review was performed to evaluate studies published from January 2005 to August 2019 reporting tumor protein or RNA expression along with either outcomes (metastasis or death) or a comparison of primary with metastatic tumor samples. Inclusion criteria were met by 45 studies containing 81 comparisons of 44 distinct proteins and 25 microRNAs. On meta-analysis of studies analyzing primary tumor samples in terms of later outcomes, high primary tumor expression of PD-L1 (OR = 2.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-5.02, P = 0.030), EGFR (OR = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-5.33, P = 0.011), and podoplanin (OR = 2.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-5.41, P = 0.049) conferred increased odds for metastasis. In comparison, metastatic tissue was more likely to have a high expression of PD-L1 than primary tissue (OR = 3.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-9.75, P = 0.049). Further studies are needed to confirm whether testing for PD-L1, EGFR, and podoplanin expression aids in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas prognostic estimation of metastasis or death or predicts response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Mulvaney
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul R Massey
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth K Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack E Drinan
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chryslayne D Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gülseren D, Gököz Ö, Karahan S, Karaduman A. Podoplanin expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and its relationship to histopathological prognostic factors. J Histotechnol 2020; 43:147-152. [PMID: 32496961 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2020.1757872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There are several clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC), but there remains a lack of molecular markers associated with cSCC tumor progression. This study aimed to determine the association between histopathological prognostic parameters and tumoral podoplanin expression in cSCC. This study included 63 paraffin embedded cSCC samples that were evaluated for tumoral podoplanin expression using immunohistochemistry. Among the 63 tumor samples, 27% lacked podoplanin expression, 22% exhibited diffuse podoplanin expression, and 51% exhibited focal podoplanin expression. Tumoral podoplanin expression was correlated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis (p value < 0.05, for both). Additional research is needed to further delineate how the tumoral podoplanin expression can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Gülseren
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özay Gököz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Karaduman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Prognostic Value of Podoplanin Expression in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Correlation With Lymphatic Vessel Density. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 42:432-438. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Grochau KJ, Safi AF, Drebber U, Grandoch A, Zöller JE, Kreppel M. Podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakia─a prospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:505-509. [PMID: 30638740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this prospective work was to examine oral leukoplakia for their podoplanin expression to determine whether podoplanin expression is associated with the degree of dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We took biopsy samples from 50 patients with oral leukoplakia in 2013. The preparations studied by immunohistochemistry were analyzed in correlation with the degree of dysplasia and other clinicopathological variables. RESULTS The Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between podoplanin expression and the degree of dysplasia according to the squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIN) classification (p = 0.033). Also, a significant association between age grouping and podoplanin expression was found. We were able to show that the distribution is the same for both age groups in relation to the score of podoplanin expression (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In a comparable retrospective work of our working group, it could be shown that podoplanin is a reliable predictive marker for the assessment of the risk of malignant transformation. The present work was able to substantiate the assumption that podoplanin not only plays an important role in the context of malignant degeneration but also exerts a major influence in advance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin J Grochau
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ali-Farid Safi
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Grandoch
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim E Zöller
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Kreppel
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elghouche AN, Pflum ZE, Schmalbach CE. Immunosuppression Impact on Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 160:439-446. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599818808511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The primary objective was to define and quantify the relationship between immunosuppression and prognosis in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Data Sources Ovid/Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception through June 5, 2017, with cross-referenced subject headings of squamous cell carcinoma, skin neoplasms, head and neck neoplasms, and prognosis. Additional gray literature was queried. Review Methods All prospective, retrospective, and cohort studies in the English literature investigating prognosis in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis data were pooled using the fixed-effects model. The main outcome measures were hazard ratios detailing subgroup analysis between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. Results Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion; 317 of the 2886 patients were immunosuppressed. Meta-analysis with pooled hazard ratios was performed for all outcome variables with at least 3 reported hazard ratios. Immunosuppression portended a worse prognosis across all outcome variables of interest: locoregional recurrence (2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-3.36), disease-free survival (2.69; 95% CI, 1.60-4.51), disease-specific survival (3.61; 95% CI, 2.63-4.95), and overall survival (2.09; 95% CI, 1.64-2.67). Conclusion This is the largest investigation into the impact of immunosuppression on head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Immunosuppressed patients experience worse recurrence and survival outcomes compared to immunocompetent counterparts. The data support formal inclusion of immunosuppression in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma staging systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhasan N. Elghouche
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary E. Pflum
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Cecelia E. Schmalbach
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fochtmann-Frana A, Haymerle G, Schachner H, Pammer J, Loewe R, Kerjaschki D, Perisanidis C, Erovic BM. Expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in Merkel cell carcinoma is linked to advanced disease. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1335-1344. [PMID: 29992788 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15) in primary tumour specimens predicts lymph node metastasis and subsequently clinical outcome in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) patients. METHODS A retrospective medical chart review of 33 patients was performed between 1994 and 2014. Eleven out of 33 (33%) Patients with primary MCC stages I and II were categorised as group I. Twenty two out of 33 (67%) Patients with regional lymph node metastases and/or distant metastases were defined as group II. All available tumour samples were immunostained for ALOX15, Podoplanin and MCPyV large T-protein antibody. RESULTS ALOX15 expression was observed in 19/23 (83%) primary tumour samples and in all lymph node metastasis. Primary tumours in patients with stage III and IV disease showed a higher expression rate of ALOX15 compared to patients with early stage disease (11/12 (92%) and 8/11 (73%), respectively). In group I, five patients (45%) were MCPyV positive, whereas in group II, 15 patients (68%) were MCPyV positive. The median lymphatic vessel density in ALOX15 negative group I primary tumour samples was lower compared to the median lymphatic vessel density in ALOX15 positive group I primary tumour probes (2.7 range, 1-4.3 vs 4.7 range, 4.0-7.3). Furthermore, all 17 samples of MCC metastases showed ALOX15 expression with a median lymphatic vessel density (not lymph node metastases) of 5.3 (range 2.0-7.3). CONCLUSION In the current study, we were able to show ALOX15 expression in the primary MCC sample and the metastasis sample. Based on the findings of the current study, expression rate of ALOX15 in primary MCC and metastases is possibly linked to an increased lymphatic vessel density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fochtmann-Frana
- Department Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Clinical Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Haymerle
- Department Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Loewe
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos Perisanidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Department Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zirk M, Safi AF, Buller J, Nickenig HJ, Dreiseidler T, Zinser M, Drebber U, Zöller JE, Kreppel M. Lymph node ratio as prognosticator in floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
15
|
Barros FBA, Assao A, Garcia NG, Nonogaki S, Carvalho AL, Soares FA, Kowalski LP, Oliveira DT. Moesin expression by tumor cells is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for oral cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:53. [PMID: 29310601 PMCID: PMC5759236 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moesin is a member of the ERM (ezrin, radixin and moesin) proteins that participate in cell migration and tumor invasion through transductional signals sent to actin filaments by glycoproteins, such as podoplanin. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the participation of moesin and podoplanin in the invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinomas, and their influence on patients’ prognosis. Podoplanin and moesin immunoexpressions were evaluated by a semi-quantitative score method, based on the capture of 10 microscopic fields, at 400X magnification, in the invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinomas. The association of moesin and podoplanin expression with clinicopathological variables was analyzed by the chi-square, or Fisher’s exact test. The 5 and 10 years survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival curves were compared by using the log-rank test. Results The immunohistochemical expression of moesin in the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinomas was predominantly strong, homogenously distributed on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The expression of moesin was not associated with clinical, demographic and microscopic features of the patients. Otherwise, podoplanin expression by malignant epithelial cells was predominantly strong and significantly associated with radiotherapy (p = 0.004), muscular invasion (p = 0.006) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.013). Strong moesin expression was considered an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas, clinical stage II and III (p = 0.024). Conclusions These results suggested that strong moesin expression by malignant cells may help to determine patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bárbara Abreu Barros
- Department of Stomatology, Area of Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Agnes Assao
- Department of Stomatology, Area of Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Natália Galvão Garcia
- Department of Stomatology, Area of Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Pathology Division, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Fundação Pio XII Institution - Cancer Hospital of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaringology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Tostes Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Area of Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ibrahim BB, Salem MM, Khairy RA, Al Gunaid RAR. Expression of Podoplanin in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplasia. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC31-EC35. [PMID: 28658769 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25939.9882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In human cancers, podoplanin expression and its correlation with tumour invasive potential raise its possible role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cancer. AIM To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin in laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included a total of 60 archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 40 cases of laryngeal SCC and 20 cases of dysplastic lesions. The samples were immunohistochemically analysed for podoplanin expression. RESULTS Podoplanin expression was significantly higher in laryngeal SCC (90%) than laryngeal dysplastic lesions (55%) (p-value=0.002). The expression of podoplanin was significantly increased with the higher grades of dysplasia (p-value=0.016). A significant positive correlation was detected between podoplanin expression in laryngeal SCC and depth of tumour invasion (p-value=0.035), and stage (p-value=0.026). CONCLUSION The high expression of podoplanin in laryngeal SCC and its significant correlation with poor prognostic parameters recommends podoplanin as a prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC. In addition, increased podoplanin expression with higher grades of dysplasia, supports its role in malignant transformation and allows us to recommend its evaluation in premalignant lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Mohamed Salem
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Ahmed Khairy
- Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cañueto J, Cardeñoso-Álvarez E, Cosano-Quero A, Santos-Briz Á, Fernández-López E, Pérez-Losada J, Román-Curto C. The expression of podoplanin is associated with poor outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 44:144-151. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cañueto
- Servicio de Dermatología; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL); Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel Santos-Briz
- Servicio de Patología; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Emilia Fernández-López
- Servicio de Dermatología; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL); Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL); Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC); Centro de investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC; Salamanca Spain
| | - Concepción Román-Curto
- Servicio de Dermatología; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL); Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wei Y, Mahoud S, Bakheet AMH, Wang L, Zhou S, Tang J. Pathway-related molecules of VEGFC/D-VEGFR3/NRP2 axis in tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 461:165-71. [PMID: 27527412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precondition for tumor lymphatic metastasis is that tumor cells induce formation of original and newborn lymphatic vessels and invade surrounding lymphatic vessels in tumor stroma, while some pathway-related molecules play an important role in mechanisms associated with proliferation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and tumor cells. In lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, the pathway-related molecules of VEGFC/D-VEGFR3/NRP2 axis, such as Furin-like enzyme, CNTN1, Prox1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin, SOX18, SDF1 and CXCR4, are direct constitutors as a portion of VEGFC/D-VEGFR3/NRP2 axis, and their biological activities rely on this ligand-receptor system. These axis-related signal molecules could gradually produce waterfall-like cascading effects, mediate differentiation and maturation of LECs, remodel original and neonatal lymphatic vessels, as well as ultimately promote tumor cell chemotaxis, migration, invasion and metastasis to lymphoid tracts. This review summarizes the structure and function features of pathway-related molecules of VEGFC/D-VEGFR3/NRP2 axis, the expression changes of these molecules in different anatomic organs or histopathologic types or development stages of various tumors, the characteristics of transduction, implementation, integration of signal networks, the interactive effects on biological behaviors between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells, and their molecular mechanisms and significances in tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yuanyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Salma Mahoud
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Ahmed Musa Hago Bakheet
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Shuting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McMullen KP, Chalmers JJ, Lang JC, Kumar P, Jatana KR. Circulating tumor cells in head and neck cancer: A review. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:109-116. [PMID: 29204555 PMCID: PMC5698518 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the head and neck represents 3.5% of all cancers, and the vast majority of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With a stable overall survival rate of 50% among all stages, there is continued interested in developing measures for early detection and disease aggressiveness. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as a potential marker for early metastatic disease, response to treatment, and surveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this article, techniques of CTC detection, applications of CTC technology, and outcomes of HNSCC patients will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P McMullen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jas C Lang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kris R Jatana
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry is not a diagnostic test but a highly valuable tool that requires interpretation within a context. OBJECTIVE To review the current status and limitations of immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology. DATA SOURCES English-language literature published between 1980 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS Although immunohistochemistry is rarely completely specific or sensitive, it is an important adjunctive technique in dermatopathology and can be helpful in a series of diagnostic dilemmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Ferringer
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hsieh JCH, Lin HC, Huang CY, Hsu HL, Wu TMH, Lee CL, Chen MC, Wang HM, Tseng CP. Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells with podoplanin expression in patients with locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:1448-55. [PMID: 24844673 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podoplanin (PDPN) is a prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, PDPN expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and its prognostic value are not clear. METHODS The PowerMag system was used to enumerate CTCs from 53 patients with HNSCC prechemotherapy and 61 healthy donors. PDPN expression was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome, such as patient survival by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS PDPN was expressed in a subset of CTCs. Both EpCAM-positive CTC and PDPN-positive CTC counts were statistically different between the disease and nondisease groups (p < .0001) with no prognostic value. After a median follow-up of 10.5 months (range, 6.6-18.5 months), the PDPN-positive/EpCAM-positive CTC ratio >20% was a significant prognostic factor for death within 6 months (p = .011) and was correlated with poor progression-free survival (p = .016) and overall survival (p = .015). CONCLUSION PDPN-positive/EpCAM-positive CTC ratio is a prognostic factor and defining the ratio in patients with HNSCC might be valuable to clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ya Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsung-Ling Hsu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tyler Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Chi Chen
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics Consulting Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wermker K, Brauckmann T, Klein M, Haßfeld S, Schulze HJ, Hallermann C. Prognostic value of S100/CD31 and S100/podoplanin double immunostaining in mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2014; 37:1368-74. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wermker
- Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Muenster Germany
| | - Till Brauckmann
- Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Muenster Germany
- University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Dortmund Germany
| | - Martin Klein
- Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Muenster Germany
| | - Stefan Haßfeld
- University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Dortmund Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schulze
- Fachklinik Hornheide, Skin Cancer Centre; Department of Dermatology and Dermato-Histo-Pathology; Muenster Germany
| | - Christian Hallermann
- Fachklinik Hornheide, Skin Cancer Centre; Department of Dermatology and Dermato-Histo-Pathology; Muenster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li JC, Li Y, Ai JY, Chen K, Zhu YH, Fu L, Qin YR, Wang LJ, Guan XY. Podoplanin‑positive cancer cells at the edge of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas are involved in invasion. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1513-8. [PMID: 24938315 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a well established lymphatic endothelial marker and has frequently been observed in cancer cells at the edge of cancer masses. Previous studies investigating the association between PDPN expression and patient prognosis have had contradictory results. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the different locations of PDPN‑positive cells may explain these varying results. The present study aimed to focus on PDPN expression at the edge of esophageal cancer cell nests. In order to analyze the clinical significance of this PDPN expression, immunohistochemistry was performed using esophageal cancer tissue microarrays. PDPN expression at the edge of the cancer cell nest was found to be significantly associated with invasion (P<0.05) and poor prognosis (P<0.001) in patients with cancer. To further investigate the role of PDPN expression in cancer cells, the PDPN gene was cloned and transfected into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. PDPN expression was also knocked down using small interfering RNA. PDPN‑positive cancer cells were found to exhibit invasion characteristics. Thus, PDPN expression at the edge of a cancer cell nest may indicate invasion and represent a poor prognostic factor for ESCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Chao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Yu Ai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huttenlocher S, Seibold ND, Gebhard MP, Noack F, Thorns C, Hasselbacher K, Wollenberg B, Schild SE, Rades D. Evaluation of the prognostic role of tumor cell podoplanin expression in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:1021-7. [PMID: 24928249 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To investigate the potential prognostic role of tumor cell podoplanin expression in patients treated with resection followed by irradiation or chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Podoplanin expression (≤10 % versus > 10 %) and 12 other factors were evaluated in 160 patients for their association with locoregional control (LRC), metastases-free (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Other factors were age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, preradiotherapy (pre-RT) hemoglobin level, tumor site, histological grading, T category, N category, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, extent of resection and concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, ECOG performance status 0-1 (risk ratio, RR: 3.01; 95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.42-7.14; p = 0.003), pre-RT hemoglobin levels ≥ 7.45 mmol/l (12 g/dl; RR: 2.03; 95 % CI: 1.04-3.94; p = 0.038), oropharyngeal cancer (RR: 1.25; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.55; p = 0.038) and T category T1-2 (RR: 1.81; 95 % CI: 1.24-2.79; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with improved LRC. T category T1-2 (RR: 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.25-3.06; p = 0.002) and N category N0-2a (RR: 5.22; 95 % CI: 1.96-18.09; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with better MFS. Pre-RT hemoglobin levels ≥ 7.45 mmol/l (RR: 2.44; 95 % CI: 1.27-4.74; p = 0.007), T category T1-2 (RR: 1.97; 95 % CI: 1.36-3.04; p < 0.001) and N category N0-2a (RR: 2.87; 95 % CI: 1.37-6.61; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with improved OS. Podoplanin expression ≤ 10 % showed a trend towards improved OS on both univariate (p = 0.050) and multivariate analysis (RR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 0.96-3.59; p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Treatment outcomes were significantly associated with performance status, pre-RT hemoglobin level, tumor site and tumor stage. Tumor cell expression of podoplanin ≤ 10 % showed a trend towards improved OS when compared to podoplanin expression of > 10 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Huttenlocher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Expression of podoplanin and prognosis in oropharyngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:1749-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Kanliada D, Coskunpinar E, Orhan KS, Oltulu YM, Celik M, Eren A, Yaylim I, Deger K. Investigation of biomarker in laryngeal carcinomas. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:186-90. [PMID: 24395286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to determine whether there is a role of podoplanin and glutathione S-transferases T1 (GST-T1) expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS In this study, 33 patients were enrolled and gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. The podoplanin and GST-T1 expression patterns were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of laryngeal cancer. RESULTS Of all included patients, 20 had supraglottic, and 13 had glottic laryngeal cancer. Increased expression of podoplanin was found in seven (35%) supraglottic tumor tissues and seven (53.8%) glottic tumor tissues, but GST-T1 expression was not detected. CONCLUSION Podoplanin expression did not show any prediction for tumor differentiation, regional metastasis, thyroid cartilage invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, or tumor differentiation for laryngeal cancer, and also there were no significant differences in podoplanin expression between glottic and supraglottic regions, but extracapsullar extension is almost statistically significance (P = 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kanliada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Toll A, Masferrer E, Hernández-Ruiz ME, Ferrandiz-Pulido C, Yébenes M, Jaka A, Tuneu A, Jucglà A, Gimeno J, Baró T, Casado B, Gandarillas A, Costa I, Mojal S, Peña R, de Herreros AG, García-Patos V, Pujol RM, Hernández-Muñoz I. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers are associated with an increased metastatic risk in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas but are attenuated in lymph node metastases. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:93-102. [PMID: 23928229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy in humans and approximately 5% metastasize, usually to regional lymph nodes. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process involving loss of intercellular adhesion, acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype and enhanced migratory potential; epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, are down-regulated and mesenchymal proteins (Vimentin), increased. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of EMT markers in metastatic SCC (MSCC) and their corresponding metastases, and to correlate them with clinico-pathological factors associated with an increased risk of metastasis. METHODS We performed a retrospective study that included 146 cSCC samples (51 primary non-metastatic, 56 primary metastatic, 39 lymphatic metastases). Immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, beta-catenin, Twist, Zeb1 and Podoplanin was performed. RESULTS Loss of membranous E-cadherin was observed in 77% cSCCs, with no differences between MSCC and non-MSCC. Among the transcriptional factors controlling EMT, no significant Snail1 expression was detected. Twist, Zeb1, Vimentin, beta-catenin and Podoplanin were significantly overexpressed in MSCCs. Twist ectopic expression in SCC13 cells induced Zeb1, Vimentin and Podoplanin expression and E-cadherin delocalization. These changes resulted in a scattered migration pattern in vitro. Expression of EMT markers was decreased in the metastases when compared with the corresponding primary tumors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a partial EMT, characterized by the expression of Twist but without a total E-cadherin depletion, is involved in the acquisition of invasive traits by cSCC, but the process is downregulated in lymph node metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Toll
- Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cancer stem cell markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:319489. [PMID: 23533441 PMCID: PMC3603684 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the world's top ten most common cancers. Current survival rates are poor with only 50% of patients expected to survive five years after diagnosis. The poor survival rate of HNSCC is partly attributable to the tendency for diagnosis at the late stage of the disease. One of the reasons for treatment failure is thought to be related to the presence of a subpopulation of cells within the tumour called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs display stem cell-like characteristics that impart resistance to conventional treatment modalities and promote tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Specific markers for this population have been investigated in the hope of developing a deeper understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and elucidating novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|