TNFAIP8 family gene expressions in the mouse tail intervertebral disc injury model

Down-regulated expression of TIPE3 inhibits malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer via Wnt signaling

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80 % of all lung cancers with a low five-year survival rate. Therefore, the mechanistic pathways and biomarkers of NSCLC must be explored to elucidate its pathogenesis. In this study, we examined TIPE3 expression in NSCLC cells and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC regulation in vivo and in vitro. We collected tissue samples from patients with NSCLC to examine TIPE3 expression and its association with patient metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression level of TIPE3 in NSCLC cells. Cell lines with the highest expression were selected for molecular mechanism experiments, and animal models were established for in vivo verification. The results showed that TIPE3 was significantly increased in patients with NSCLC, and this increased expression was associated with tumor metastasis and patient prognosis. TIPE3 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, angiogenesis, and tumorsphere formation in NSCLC cells. Moreover, it reduced the metabolic levels of tumor cells. However, overexpression of TIPE3 has the opposite effect. The in vivo results showed that TIPE3 knockdown reduced tumor volume, weight, and metastasis. Furthermore, the results showed that TIPE3 may inhibit malignant progression of NSCLC via the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin expression. These findings suggest that TIPE3 is significantly elevated in patients with NSCLC and that downregulation of TIPE3 can suppress the malignant progression of NSCLC, which could serve as a potential diagnostic and treatment strategy for NSCLC.

Tnfa , Il6 , Cxcl1 , and Adam8 Genes Are the Early Markers After Mouse Tail Intervertebral Disc Injury

OBJECTIVES

The early molecular events after intervertebral disc injury remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to compare inflammatory markers from 1 day to 4 wks after injury to have a comprehensive understanding of the intervertebral disc response to injury.

DESIGN

Mouse tail intervertebral disc injury was induced by a needle puncture. Inflammatory marker gene expression and morphological changes were recorded at 1 day, 1 wk, and 4 wks after injury.

RESULTS

Tnfa , Il6 , and Cxcl1 gene expression peaked at day 1 post-needle puncture of the mouse intervertebral disc, Adam8 gene expression peaked at 1-wk time point, while Tipe2 gene expression was upregulated at week 4 postinjury. F4/80 positive cells, likely to be macrophages, are present as early as day 1 in the injured intervertebral discs and consistently present at week 4 postinjury. Loss of Safranin O staining and increased histological scores of the injured intervertebral discs are consistent with progressive degeneration after injury.

CONCLUSIONS

Inflammatory cytokines including Tnfa precede Tipe2 , suggesting that Tipe2 is likely induced by Tnfa . Upregulation of Adam8 and Cxcl1 gene expression persisted at week 4, suggesting that they play a role in the transition to chronic phase of intervertebral disc degeneration.

TIPE3 protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

BACKGROUND

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality in patients and lung transplant recipients. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 3 (TIPE3) is one of the members of the TIPE family. While TIPE2 has been demonstrated to be protective against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, the role of TIPE3 in ALI is currently unidentified.

METHODS

To examine the role of TIPE3 in ALI, we pretreated C57BL/6 mice with control or TIPE3-lentivirus in LPS-induced ALI models. The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; ALI-induced group; ALI-induced group with control lentivirus; and ALI-induced group with TIPE3-lentivirus. Additionally, RAW 264.7 cells were used to validate the role and molecular mechanism of TIPE3 signaling in vitro.

RESULTS

An increased expression of TIPE3 reduced lung histopathological damage in ALI-affected mice. ALI-affected mice treated with TIPE3-lentivirus exhibited reduced lung microvascular permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, neutrophil buildup, and inflammation response. Additionally, over-expression of TIPE3 significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and promoted the activation of Liver X receptors alpha (LXRα). In LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, enforced TIPE3 expression produced anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the LXR inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) reversed these effects.

CONCLUSIONS

TIPE3 protected against LPS-induced ALI by regulating the LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that TIPE3 might provide a novel insight into the prevention of ALI.

Elevated inflammatory gene expression in intervertebral disc tissues in mice with ADAM8 inactivated

We found ADAM8 enzymatic activity elevated in degenerative human intervertebral disc (IVD). Here, we examined the discs in ADAM8-inactivation mice that carry a mutation preventing self-activation of the enzyme. Surprisingly, elevated gene expression for inflammatory markers (Cxcl1, IL6) was observed in injured discs of ADAM8 mutant mice, along with elevated expression of type 2 collagen gene (Col2a1), compared with wild type controls. Injured annulus fibrosus of mutant and wild type mice contained a higher proportion of large collagen fibers compared with intact discs, as documented by microscopic examination under circular polarized light. In the intact IVDs, Adam8EQ mouse AF contained lower proportion of yellow (intermediate) fiber than WT mice. This suggests that ADAM8 may regulate inflammation and collagen fiber assembly. The seemingly contradictory findings of elevated inflammatory markers in mutant mice and excessive ADAM8 activity in human degenerative discs suggest that ADAM8 may interact with other enzymatic and pro-inflammatory processes needed for tissue maintenance and repair. As a future therapeutic intervention to retard intervertebral disc degeneration, partial inhibition of ADAM8 proteolysis may be more desirable than complete inactivation of this enzyme.