1
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Kalogiouri NP, Manousi N, Mourtzinos I, Rosenberg E, Zachariadis GA. A Rapid GC-FID Method for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Walnut Oils and Their Use as Markers in Authenticity Studies. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Pauls RE, Pease B. Separation of Fatty Acid Dimethyl Esters on an Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:205-211. [PMID: 33275654 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An ionic liquid (IL) 111 column was compared with other commonly employed stationary phases including polydimethyl siloxane and polyethylene glycol for the separation of fatty acid monomethyl and dimethyl esters. The fatty acid esters employed in this study were derived from metathesis reactions of vegetable oils both with and without olefins. The IL 111 column demonstrated enhanced performance compared with conventional columns for the separation of these esters. These advantages included significantly enhanced retention of dimethyl esters relative to monomethyl esters, excellent cis/trans isomer separation and the ability to analyze higher carbon number dimethyl esters. As a result, these columns are highly suited for the analysis of mixtures of mono- and dimethyl fatty acid esters found in lipid metathesis reaction products or to determine monofunctional impurities in samples of commercial dimethyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Pauls
- R. E. Pauls Consulting, 724 West Bauer Road, Naperville, IL 60563, USA
| | - B Pease
- Elevance Renewable Sciences, 2501 Davey Road, Woodridge, IL 60517, USA
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3
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Rasheed DM, Serag A, Abdel Shakour ZT, Farag M. Novel trends and applications of multidimensional chromatography in the analysis of food, cosmetics and medicine bearing essential oils. Talanta 2021; 223:121710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Advanced gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies for fatty acids and triacylglycerols analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Malan D, van der Walt SJ, Rohwer ER. A high-repetition-rate, fast temperature-programmed gas chromatograph and its online coupling to a supercritical fluid chromatograph (SFC × GC). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:034101. [PMID: 32260018 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a fast gas chromatographic system that can be used as a second dimension in comprehensive two-dimensional (supercritical fluid × gas) chromatography (SFC × GC). The temperature of the short (1 m long) capillary column is controlled by a resistively heated coaxial stainless-steel tube. The electrical resistance and, therefore, temperature of the stainless-steel tube are measured by continuous monitoring of the current/voltage ratio. Highly repeatable heating rates of up to 2100 °C min-1 (35 °C s-1) are obtained, which should be high enough for the most demanding fast chromatograms. To reduce the cooling time between temperature programs, the column is cooled by injecting evaporating carbon dioxide into the space between the coaxial heater and the column. This gives cooling rates of 5100 °C min-1 (85 °C s-1), which allows quick succession of temperature programs. More repeatable heating profiles with stable GC retention times together with faster cooling are significant improvements on previous SFC × GC systems. Cycle times of four gas chromatograms per minute could readily be achieved, which allows efficient coupling to high-resolution stop-flow SFC in the first dimension. We demonstrate the fast chromatograph by separating fatty acid methyl esters, yielding information that would be useful in the food and biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Malan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - S J van der Walt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - E R Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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6
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García-Cicourel AR, van de Velde B, Verduin J, Janssen HG. Comprehensive off-line silver phase liquid chromatography × gas chromatography with flame ionization and vacuum ultraviolet detection for the detailed characterization of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1607:460391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Huang Z, Bi YJ, Sha YF, Xie WY, Wu D, Liu BZ. Separation and Analysis of Sucrose Esters in Tobacco by Online Liquid Chromatography-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:887-891. [PMID: 30101882 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a strategy of in-series combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and online LC-GC/MS was constructed for effective separation and analysis of sucrose esters in tobacco. Sucrose esters were first extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with high efficiency and easyhandling. Online LC-GC/MS was then applied for sucrose ester clean-up and analysis. To better evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy, we limited our focus to five groups of sucrose ester isomers. Each group differed in mass from the next by 14 Da. The obtained coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9986. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.05 and 0.16 μg/ mL, respectively. The recovery was above 90% and the reproducibility was below 4%. This strategy was subsequently applied to the comparison of relative amounts of five groups of sucrose esters extracted from three different parts of aromatic tobacco. The satisfactory performance indicated that this strategy has great prospect for the rapid and high-throughput analysis of sucrose esters in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Yan-Jiu Bi
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Yun-Fei Sha
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Wen-Yan Xie
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Da Wu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Bai-Zhan Liu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
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8
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Triacylglycerols in edible oils: Determination, characterization, quantitation, chemometric approach and evaluation of adulterations. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:1-16. [PMID: 28801042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are a dietary source of lipids that constitute an essential component of a healthy diet. The commonly used vegetable oils differ significantly for their triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAGs represent the principal components of oils and may contain different fatty acids (FA) esterified with glycerol leading to several positional isomers. To differentiate individual TAGs species in edible oils, advanced analysis systems and innovative methods are therefore required. TAGs can be considered as good fingerprints for quality control and many studies have been performed to develop rapid and low cost analytical methods to determinate the authenticity, origin and eventually evidence frauds or adulterations. The present manuscript provides a general overview on the most common vegetable oils TAGs compositions and on the related analytical methodologies recently used. Finally, the chemometric applications developed to assess the authenticity, quality and botanical origin of various edible oils are discussed.
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9
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Johnson AC, Bowser MT. High-Speed, Comprehensive, Two Dimensional Separations of Peptides and Small Molecule Biological Amines Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Micro Free Flow Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1665-1673. [PMID: 27989118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) separations are able to generate significantly higher peak capacities than their one-dimensional counterparts. Unfortunately, current hyphenated 2D separations are limited by the speed of the second dimension separation and the consequent loss of peak capacity due to under sampling of peaks as they elute from the first dimension separation. Continuous micro free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) separations eliminate under sampling as a limitation when incorporated as the second dimension of a 2D separation. In the current manuscript we describe the first coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with μFFE to perform 2D CE × μFFE separations. The CE separation capillary was directly inserted into the μFFE separation channel using an edge on interface. Analyte peaks streamed directly into the μFFE separation channel as they migrated off the CE capillary. No complicated injection, valving, or voltage changes were necessary to couple the two separation modes. 2D CE × μFFE generated an ideal peak capacity of 2 592 in a 9 min separation of fluorescently labeled peptides (7.6 min separation window, 342 peaks/min). Data points were recorded every 250-500 ms (>8 data points/peak), effectively eliminating under sampling as a source of band broadening. CE × μFFE generated an ideal peak capacity of 1885 in a 2.7 min separation of fluorescently labeled small molecule bioamines (1.8 min separation window, 1053 peaks/min). Peaks in the 2D CE × μFFE separation of peptides covered 30% of the available separation space, resulting in a corrected peak capacity of 778 (102 peaks/min). The fractional coverage of the 2D CE × μFFE separation of small molecule bioamines was 20%, resulting in a corrected peak capacity of 377 (209 peaks/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Johnson
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T Bowser
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Cacciola F, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography and Other Liquid-Based Comprehensive Techniques Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 89:414-429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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11
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Detailed Compositional Analysis of Vegetable Oil Metathesis Products Using Microfluidic Switching Multidimensional Gas Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Geiger M, Bowser MT. Effect of Fluorescent Labels on Peptide and Amino Acid Sample Dimensionality in Two Dimensional nLC × μFFE Separations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Zhang Q, Qin W, Li M, Shen Q, Saleh AS. Application of Chromatographic Techniques in the Detection and Identification of Constituents Formed during Food Frying: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Meiliang Li
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Qun Shen
- Natl. Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ahmed S.M. Saleh
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut Univ.; Assiut 71526 Egypt
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14
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Križman M, Pušar A. Comprehensive thin layer chromatography×gas chromatography using headspace sampling modulation—A case study on fatty acid composition analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1405:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Qi D, Fei T, Sha Y, Wang L, Li G, Wu D, Liu B. A novel fully automated on-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography technique used for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in tobacco and tobacco products. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:273-277. [PMID: 25476689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel fully automated on-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (LC-GC) technique was reported and applied for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) in tobacco and tobacco products. Using a switching valve to isolate the capillary pre-column and the analytical column during the solvent evaporation period, the LC solvent can be completely removed and prevented from reaching the GC column and the detector. The established method was used to determinate the OCPs in tobacco samples. By using Florisil SPE column and employing GPC technique, polarity impurities and large molecule impurities were removed. A dynamic range 1-100ng/mL was achieved with detection limits from 1.5 to 3.3μg/kg. The method exhibited good repeatability and recoveries. This technology may provide an alternative way for trace analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Qi
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ting Fei
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yunfei Sha
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Leijun Wang
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Gang Li
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Da Wu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Baizhan Liu
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China.
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16
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Abstract
The search continues for a rapid diagnostic test for TB that has high sensitivity and specificity and is useable in sophisticated environments and in deprived regions with poor infrastructure. We discuss here the modern bioanalytical techniques that can be used to discover biomarkers of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, focusing on techniques using GC. We will also discuss the use of GC-MS to identify volatile organic compounds in the headspace of bacterial culture or in samples of breath, serum or urine. Biomarkers discovered in the 'clean' environment of culture may differ from those in patients. A number of biomarkers have been found in patients, with little consistency in the various studies to date. Reproducibility is difficult; the impressive results found initially with a few patients are rarely repeatable when a larger sample series is tested. Mycobacterial lipids offer promise for distinguishing M. tuberculosis from nontuberculous mycobacteria directly in sputum.
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17
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Li K, Fu Q, Xin H, Ke Y, Jin Y, Liang X. Alkaloids analysis using off-line two-dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography × ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2014; 139:3577-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
2-D SFC × UHPLC method with high orthogonality for analysis of the amide alkaloids fraction of P. longum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Huaxia Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
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18
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Tranchida PQ, Donato P, Cacciola F, Beccaria M, Dugo P, Mondello L. Potential of comprehensive chromatography in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Barp L, Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte LS. A high-sample-throughput LC-GC method for mineral oil determination. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3135-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barp
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Sabrina Moret
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Lanfranco S. Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
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20
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Determination of trans fat in edible oils: current official methods and overview of recent developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5759-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte L. Sample pre-fractionation of environmental and food samples using LC-GC multidimensional techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Mondello L, Zoccali M, Purcaro G, Franchina FA, Sciarrone D, Moret S, Conte L, Tranchida PQ. Determination of saturated-hydrocarbon contamination in baby foods by using on-line liquid–gas chromatography and off-line liquid chromatography-comprehensive gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:221-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Current-day employment of the micro-bore open-tubular capillary column in the gas chromatography field. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Meinert C, Meierhenrich UJ. Die umfassende zweidimensionale Gaschromatographie - eine neue Dimension für analytische Trennwissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Meinert C, Meierhenrich UJ. A New Dimension in Separation Science: Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10460-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to bidimensional gas chromatography in comprehensive and heart-cutting mode: Design of the instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:153-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Nizio KD, McGinitie TM, Harynuk JJ. Comprehensive multidimensional separations for the analysis of petroleum. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Hyphenated liquid chromatography–gas chromatography technique: Recent evolution and applications. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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30
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Tranchida PQ, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
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31
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Siegler WC, Fitz BD, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Experimental Study of the Quantitative Precision for Valve-Based Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5190-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Christopher Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Brian D. Fitz
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jamin C. Hoggard
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Robert E. Synovec
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Hauff S, Vetter W. Exploring the fatty acids of vernix caseosa in form of their methyl esters by off-line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8270-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Comprehensive multidimensional separation methods by hyphenation of single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOF-MS) with GC and GC×GC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1435-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Siegler WC, Crank JA, Armstrong DW, Synovec RE. Increasing selectivity in comprehensive three-dimensional gas chromatography via an ionic liquid stationary phase column in one dimension. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Creation and evaluation of a two-dimensional contour plot of fatty acid methyl esters after off-line coupling of reversed-phase HPLC and GC/EI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2695-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Janssen HG, Steenbergen H, de Koning S. The role of comprehensive chromatography in the characterization of edible oils and fats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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François I, Sandra P. Comprehensive supercritical fluid chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography for the analysis of the fatty acids in fish oil. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4005-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Dutriez T, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D, Dulot H, Bertoncini F, Vial J, Hennion MC. High-temperature two-dimensional gas chromatography of hydrocarbons up to nC60 for analysis of vacuum gas oils. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2905-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Chapter 10 Analysis of Food Constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(09)05510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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40
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Chapter 6 Comprehensive Multidimensional Systems Incorporating GC×GC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(09)05506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Sciarrone D, Quinto Tranchida P, Costa R, Donato P, Ragonese C, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Offline LC-GC×GC in combination with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3329-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Watson NE, Siegler WC, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Parallel Factor Analysis. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8270-80. [PMID: 17896828 DOI: 10.1021/ac070829x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of a comprehensive, three-dimensional gas chromatograph (GC3) instrument is described. The instrument utilizes two six-port diaphragm valves as the interfaces between three, in-series capillary columns housed in a standard Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph fitted with a high data acquisition rate flame ionization detector. The modulation periods for sampling column one by column two and column two by column three are set so that a minimum of three slices (more commonly four or five) are acquired by the subsequent dimension resulting in both comprehensive and quantitative data. A 26-component test mixture and quantitative standards are analyzed using the GC3 instrument. A useful methodology for three-dimensional (3D) data analysis is evaluated, based on the chemometric technique parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Since the GC3 instrument produces trilinear data, we are able to use this powerful chemometric technique, which is better known for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) separations with multichannel detection (e.g., GC x GC-TOFMS) or multiple samples (or replicates) of 2D data. Using PARAFAC, we mathematically separate (deconvolute) the 3D data "volume" for overlapped analytes (i.e., ellipsoids), provided there is sufficient chromatographic resolution in each of the three separation dimensions. Additionally, PARAFAC is applied to quantify analyte standards. For the quantitative analysis, it is demonstrated that PARAFAC may provide a 10-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio relative to a traditional integration method applied to the raw, baseline-corrected data. The GC3 instrument obtains a 3D peak capacity of 3500 at a chromatographic resolution of one in each separation dimension. Furthermore, PARAFAC deconvolution provides a considerable enhancement in the effective 3D peak capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial E Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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43
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Zhang Y, Wu HL, Xia AL, Hu LH, Zou HF, Yu RQ. Trilinear decomposition method applied to removal of three-dimensional background drift in comprehensive two-dimensional separation data. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1167:178-83. [PMID: 17850806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel technique for removal of three-dimensional background drift in comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (LCxLC-DAD) data is proposed. The basic idea is to perform trilinear decomposition on the instrumental response data, which is based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm. In model construction, the background drift is modeled as one component or factor as well as the analytes of interest, hence, the drift is explicitly included into the calibration. The method involves performing trilinear decomposition on the raw data, then extracting the background component and subtracting this background data from the raw data, leaving the analytes' signal on a flat baseline. Simultaneous evaluation of three-dimensional background drift and true signals may improve the quality of the data. This method is applied to the determination and removal of three-dimensional background drifts in simulated multidimensional data as well as experimental comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic data. It is shown that this technique yield a good removal of background drift, without the need to perform a blank chromatographic run, and required no prior knowledge about the sample composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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44
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Pierce KM, Hoggard JC, Mohler RE, Synovec RE. Recent advancements in comprehensive two-dimensional separations with chemometrics. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:341-52. [PMID: 17697686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) separations provide the analyst with a tremendous amount of complex data. In order to glean useful information from this complex data, advancements in commercially available software that implement chemometrics are currently available and continue to evolve. Future advancements will no doubt involve commercializing (or adapting) specialized, in-house chemometric techniques that are currently found only in the hands of technical experts and researchers in industry, government, and academia. In order to make timely advancements, future commercialization of novel chemometric techniques should involve collaborations among instrument software manufacturers, professional programmers, technical experts, and researchers. During the last decade, this field has seen a steady advancement from single analyte target analysis to comprehensive non-target analysis of entire multidimensional sample profiles (involving sample classification and/or data mining for discovery-based sample comparisons). The advancements in instrumentation and chemometric software tools have a tremendous impact in various applications: fuels, food, environmental, pharmaceuticals, metabolomics, etc. Most of the development has been for software to apply with gas chromatography-based instrumentation, such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOF-MS). More recently there have been notable advancements in liquid-phase instrumentation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa M Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700 USA
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45
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Kaal ER, Alkema G, Kurano M, Geissler M, Janssen HG. On-line size exclusion chromatography–pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for copolymer characterization and additive analysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:182-9. [PMID: 17208247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
On-line coupled size exclusion chromatography-pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SEC-Py-GC-MS) is studied as a novel tool for the characterization of complex polymer samples. An automated system for on-line SEC-Py-GC-MS allowing transfer of multiple fractions was developed based on stop-flow operation of the SEC dimension, syringe-based transfer of the SEC fraction to the GC instrument and solvent elimination with subsequent pyrolysis in a programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) injector. After optimization the system was applied to the characterization of a complex terpolymer composed of very similar monomers. The use of the system for combined pyrolysis and additive analyses in polycarbonate was also demonstrated. Results obtained with the new method indicate the interesting potentials of the method for detailed characterization of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin R Kaal
- Polymer-Analysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Tranchida PQ, Donato P, Dugo G, Mondello L, Dugo P. Comprehensive chromatographic methods for the analysis of lipids. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Dugo P, Kumm T, Chiofalo B, Cotroneo A, Mondello L. Separation of triacylglycerols in a complex lipidic matrix by using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1146-54. [PMID: 16830730 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation describes the employment of a comprehensive 2-D HPLC system, based on the combination of a silver ion and an RP column, for the characterization of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction of a very complex lipidic sample: donkey milk fat. The TAGs were grouped on the resulting bidimensional contour plot according to their double bond numbers (aligned along vertical bands) and according to their partition numbers (aligned along horizontal bands). Peak assignment was supported by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection. The combination of the enhanced resolving power of comprehensive multidimensional LC, the formation of ordered 2-D patterns, and APCI-MS detection proved to be an effective tool for the characterization of the complex matrix, enabling the separation and identification of nearly 60 TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Facoltà di Scienze, Università di Messina, Italy
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48
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Pierce KM, Wood LF, Wright BW, Synovec RE. A Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Retention Time Alignment Algorithm To Enhance Chemometric Analysis of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Separation Data. Anal Chem 2005; 77:7735-43. [PMID: 16316183 DOI: 10.1021/ac0511142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) retention time alignment algorithm was developed using a novel indexing scheme. The algorithm is termed comprehensive because it functions to correct the entire chromatogram in both dimensions and it preserves the separation information in both dimensions. Although the algorithm is demonstrated by correcting comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) data, the algorithm is designed to correct shifting in all forms of 2D separations, such as LC x LC, LC x CE, CE x CE, and LC x GC. This 2D alignment algorithm was applied to three different data sets composed of replicate GC x GC separations of (1) three 22-component control mixtures, (2) three gasoline samples, and (3) three diesel samples. The three data sets were collected using slightly different temperature or pressure programs to engender significant retention time shifting in the raw data and then demonstrate subsequent corrections of that shifting upon comprehensive 2D alignment of the data sets. Thirty 12-min GC x GC separations from three 22-component control mixtures were used to evaluate the 2D alignment performance (10 runs/mixture). The average standard deviation of first column retention time improved 5-fold from 0.020 min (before alignment) to 0.004 min (after alignment). Concurrently, the average standard deviation of second column retention time improved 4-fold from 3.5 ms (before alignment) to 0.8 ms (after alignment). Alignment of the 30 control mixture chromatograms took 20 min. The quantitative integrity of the GC x GC data following 2D alignment was also investigated. The mean integrated signal was determined for all components in the three 22-component mixtures for all 30 replicates. The average percent difference in the integrated signal for each component before and after alignment was 2.6%. Singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the 22-component control mixture data before and after alignment to show the restoration of trilinearity to the data, since trilinearity benefits chemometric analysis. By applying comprehensive 2D retention time alignment to all three data sets (control mixtures, gasoline samples, and diesel samples), classification by principal component analysis (PCA) substantially improved, resulting in 100% accurate scores clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa M Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
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49
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:416-427. [PMID: 15751104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (4 Weeks journals - Search completed at 12th. Jan. 2005).
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Trapp O, Kimmel JR, Yoon OK, Zuleta IA, Fernandez FM, Zare RN. Kontinuierliche flugzeitmassenspektrometrische Zweikanaldetektion von Elektrospray-Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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