1
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Feng J, Li J, Huang W, Cheng H, Zhang Z, Li L. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Determination of Five Trace Food Additives in Beverage Samples Using Counterflow Transient Isotachophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Capillary electrophoresis fingerprints combined with Linear Quantitative Profiling Method to monitor the quality consistency and predict the antioxidant activity of Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121827. [PMID: 31756622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens (ASF) has various pharmacological effects, and it is widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to develop an environmentally friendly methodology that enables not only identification but also the quality consistency assessment of Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens. A background electrolyte composed of 50 mmol/L sodium tetraborate solution, 500 mmol/L boric acid and 1.2 mmol/L citric acid was used to conduct the fingerprint analysis coupled with quantitative determination of three components. Linear quantitative profiling method was used for comprehensive quality discrimination of the test samples from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, and the 27 batches of samples were well differentiated. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between chemical components and antioxidant activity in vitro was established using partial least squares regression model, which provided important medicinal efficacy information for quality control.
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Jamal T, Hennequin C, Gahoual R, Leyris A, Beaudeux JL, Baud FJ, Houzé P. Is Capillary Electrophoresis a New Tool to Monitor Acute Lithium Poisoning in Human?†. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:571-578. [PMID: 30877800 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old man was admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) after supposed ingestion of 504 sustained-release tablets of Theralithe™ corresponding ~200 g of lithium carbonate. At the admission, ~19.5 h after ingestion, the patient was conscious with trembling limbs, intense thirst, profuse sweats and vomiting and lithium serum concentration was 14.2 mmol/L. Toxicological screenings performed in urine and serum, were negative. Patient was treated with continuous extrarenal epuration by continue veno-venous hemodiafiltration starting (CCVHDF) 24 h post-admission and was carried on until 64 h. After 11 days in ICU, the patient was dismissed to the service without sequelae, and transferred to a psychiatric unit. To follow lithium concentrations in serum, urines and dialysates, we developed a simple, rapid and reliable method by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Separation was achieved in 7 min. The method was linear between 0.14 and 1.44 mmol/L for serum samples, and between 0.07 and to 1.44 mmol/L for urines and dialysates. Limits of quantification were 0.15 mmol/L and 0.07 mmol/L for serum and others fluids, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as CV were systematically inferior to 12.1% for serum and 8.2% for other fluids. Results obtained regarding precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were satisfying, with recoveries ranging from 91.0 to 102.0%. Serum, urine and dialysate samples were measured using CZE and flame photometry. We observed a strong correlation between both methods as assessed by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. For the intoxicated patient, the assay was successfully applied to serum, urine and dialysates to determine the amount of lithium present in circulation and excreted. Lithium amounts in dialysates were estimated to correspond to 89% of total lithium excreted during CCVHF session while urine excretion account only for 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsandni Jamal
- Service de biochimie générale, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | - Carole Hennequin
- Service de biochimie générale, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de chimie analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France.,Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Annie Leyris
- Laboratoire de chimie analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Beaudeux
- Service de biochimie générale, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric J Baud
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Centre hospitalo-universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris, Université Paris Descartes, France.,EA7323 Evaluation of Therapeutics and Pharmacology in Perinatality and Pediatrics - Hôpitaux Universitaires Cochin - Broca - Hôtel Dieu, Site Tarnier, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Service de biochimie générale, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de chimie analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France.,Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Ávila M, Floris A, Staal S, Ríos Á, Eijkel J, van den Berg A. Point of care creatinine measurement for diagnosis of renal disease using a disposable microchip. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2956-61. [PMID: 24037968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A point-of-care device for the determination of elevated creatinine levels in blood is reported. This device potentially offers a new and simple clinical regime for the determination of creatinine that will give huge time savings and removal of several steps of determination. The test employs a disposable prefilled microchip and the handheld Medimate Multireader®. By optimizing the analytical conditions it was found that the LOD of the proposed method was 87 μM creatinine, close to the normal human serum levels that are in the range of 60 to 100 μM. A statistical analysis of the residual shows a normal distribution, indicating the absence of systematic errors in the proposed method. The test can be used to distinguish patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine levels >100 μM) from healthy persons. Long-term monitoring could furthermore distinguish between acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease by the rate of creatinine concentration rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ávila
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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5
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Jastrzębska A, Piasta A, Filipiak-Szok A, Szłyk E. Optimization of Capillary Isotachophoretic Method for Histidine Determination in Protein Matrices. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.762582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Mori M, Ikeda T, Itabashi H. Effect of perfluorinated surfactant as additive of background electrolyte for capillary electrophoresis of inorganic cations. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Pan Y, Treacy S, Gu X, Miller D, Burczynski F. Evaluation and Optimization of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Common Drugs of Forensic Interest in Aqueous Matrix. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2012.10757190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Rapid determination of lithium in serum samples by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2543-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Zhang W, Chen JF, Fan LY, Cao CX, Ren JC, Li S, Shao J. A novel isotachophoresis of cobalt and copper complexes by metal ion substitution reaction in a continuous moving chelation boundary. Analyst 2010; 135:140-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b912799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Xu Z, Okada J, Timerbaev AR, Hirokawa T. Sensitive profiling of biogenic amines in urine using CE with transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4143-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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In-line preconcentration of oxidized and reduced glutathione in capillary zone electrophoresis using transient isotachophoresis under strong counter-electroosmotic flow. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8665-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Lagarrigue M, Bossée A, Bégos A, Delaunay N, Varenne A, Gareil P, Bellier B. Analysis of nerve agent degradation products in high-conductivity matrices by transient ITP preconcentration and CZE separation coupled to ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1522-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:660-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Separation and determination of peptide hormones by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence coupled with transient pseudo-isotachophoresis preconcentration. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yin XB, Li Y, Yan XP. CE-ICP-MS for studying interactions between metals and biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Timerbaev AR. Inorganic analysis of biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2012-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Sekar R, Azhaguvel S. Indirect Photometric Detection and Determination of Some Inorganic Cations in Anti-Asthmatic Homeopathic Pharmaceuticals by CE. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Timerbaev AR. Recent trends in CE of inorganic ions: From individual to multiple elemental species analysis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3420-35. [PMID: 17768723 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The major methodological developments in CE related to inorganic analysis are overviewed. This is an update to a previous review article by the author (Timerbaev, A. R., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 4008-4031) and it covers the review work and innovative research papers published between January 2004 and the first part of 2006. As was underlined in that review, a growing interest of analytical community in providing elemental speciation information found a sound response of the CE method developers. Presently, almost every second research paper in the field of interest deals with element species analysis, the use of inductively coupled plasma MS detection and biochemical applications being the topics of utmost research efforts. On the other hand, advances in general methodology traditionally centered on a CE system modernization for improvements in sensitivity and separation selectivity have attracted less attention over the review period. While there is no indication that inorganic ion applications would surpass by the developmental rate the more matured analysis of organic analytes, CE can now be seen as an analytical technique to be before long customary in a number of inorganic analysis arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Horáková J, Petr J, Maier V, Znaleziona J, Stanová A, Marák J, Kaniansky D, Sevcík J. Combination of large volume sample stacking and dynamic pH junction for on-line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis in comparison with isotachophoretic techniques. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:193-8. [PMID: 17296203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An on-line preconcentration capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique, which combines a large volume sample stacking with a dynamic pH junction technique, is introduced in this paper. This dynamic pH junction with co-electroosmotic migration is formed between sodium borate pH 9.5 and sodium phosphate pH 2.5 with 150 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). A full capillary based injection allows determination of weak acidic compounds at ppb concentration levels (achieved LOD for benzoic acid was 11 nmol L(-1)). The proposed preconcentration method was compared with ITP/ITP (LOD 120 nmol L(-1)), ITP/CZE (LOD 740 nmol L(-1)) and a simple CZE method (LOD 23,330 nmol L(-1)). The analytical potential of this method was assessed with juice test samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Horáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Trída Svobody 8, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Boudko DY. Bioanalytical profile of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:186-210. [PMID: 17329176 PMCID: PMC2040328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes recent progress in fundamental understanding and analytical profiling of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. It focuses on key analytical references of NO actions and the experimental acquisition of these references in vivo, with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) comprising one of the most flexible and technologically promising analytical platform for comprehensive high-resolution profiling of NO-related metabolites. Another aim of this review is to express demands and bridge efforts of experimental biologists, medical professionals and chemical analysis-oriented scientists who strive to understand evolution and physiological roles of NO and to develop analytical methods for use in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Y Boudko
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA.
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Malá Z, Krivánková L, Gebauer P, Bocek P. Contemporary sample stacking in CE: A sophisticated tool based on simple principles. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:243-53. [PMID: 17136738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a general term for methods in CE which are used for on-line concentration of diluted analytes. During the stacking process, analytes present at low concentrations in a long injected sample zone are concentrated into a short zone (stack). The stacked analytes are then separated and individual zones are detected. Thus stacking provides better separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Many papers have been published on stacking till now, various procedures have been described, and, many names have been proposed for stacking procedures utilizing the same principles. This contribution brings an easy and unified view on stacking, describes the basic principles utilized, makes a list of recognized operational principles and brings an overview of principal current procedures. Further, it surveys selected recent practical applications ordered according to their operational principles and includes the terms, nicknames, and acronyms used for these actual stacking procedures. This contribution may help both newcomers and experts in the field of CE to orient themselves in the already quite complex topic of sample stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Simultaneous monitoring of inorganic cations, amines and amino acids in human sweat by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 581:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Urbánek M, Varenne A, Gebauer P, Krivánková L, Gareil P. Determination of trace cationic impurities in butylmethylimidazolium-based ionic liquids: From transient to comprehensive single-capillary counterflow isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4859-71. [PMID: 17136724 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Determination of impurities in ionic liquids (ILs) remains a difficult task. In this work, the hyphenation of isotachophoretic (ITP) preconcentration to zone electrophoresis (ZE) has been explored for the trace analysis of the cationic impurities Na(+), Li(+), and methylimidazolium (MI(+)) in butylmethylimidazolium (BMI(+))-based ILs. Simultaneous detection of UV-transparent and UV-absorbing impurities was ensured by a BGE composed of creatinine-acetate buffer. To induce ITP, three different strategies were evaluated: (i) Sample self-stacking ensured by the addition of ammonium acetate (NH(4)Ac) to 25-50-fold diluted IL solution (transient ITP). (ii) Complete ITP-ZE separation performed in a single capillary: ITP was realized in discontinuous electrolytes comprising an 80 mM NH(4)Ac, 40 mM acetic acid, 30 mM alpha-CD, pH 5.05, leading electrolyte (LE) and a 10 mM creatinine, 10 mM acetic acid, pH 4.9, terminating electrolyte (TE). To create the ZE stage, the ITP stack of analytes was moved back toward the capillary inlet by pressure and simultaneously the capillary was filled with the BGE. This protocol made it possible to accommodate a 2.5-times diluted IL sample. (iii) Complete counterflow ITP-ZE with continuous electrokinetic sample supply: the ITP stage was performed in a capillary filled with a 150 mM NH(4)Ac, 75 mM acetic acid, 30 mM alpha-CD, pH 5.0 LE, with 40-times diluted IL at the capillary inlet. BMI(+) from IL acts as the terminating ion. The LODs reached in this latter case were at the 10 and 1 ppb levels for MI(+) and Li(+) in diluted IL matrix, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Urbánek
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, Paris, France
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Petr J, Maier V, Horáková J, Sevcík J, Stránský Z. Capillary isotachophoresis from the student point of view – images and the reality. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2705-15. [PMID: 17305231 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A review of some fundamental aspects of ITP from the student point of view, imaginations of some basic facts and laws, use of ITP, and the recent trends are presented. The results of theoretical computations of ITP separation processes are added for comparison of imaginations with the exact mathematical description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petr
- Department of Analytical Chemistrý, Palackỳ University, Trída Svobody 8, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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27
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Petr J, Gerstmann S, Frank H. Determination of some heavy metal cations in molten snow by transient isotachophoresis/capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2256-60. [PMID: 17069258 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Online combination of transient ITP and CZE is employed for the determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II). Acetic acid is used for creating the transient isotachophoretic state. alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid and 4-aminopyridine are used as BGEs for the separation and indirect UV detection. At optimum conditions, the method allows to determine the metals at levels of 40-120 microg/L, about 50 times more sensitive than conventional CZE. In combination with a 20-fold evaporative concentration, the method is suitable for environmental monitoring of the heavy metals in snow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petr
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Potyrailo RA, Morris WG, Leach AM, Sivavec TM, Wisnudel MB, Boyette S. Analog Signal Acquisition from Computer Optical Disk Drives for Quantitative Chemical Sensing. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5893-9. [PMID: 16906737 DOI: 10.1021/ac060684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic consumer products that are widely employed in the office and home attract attention for optical sensor applications due to (1) their cost advantage over analytical instruments produced only in small quantities, (2) robustness in operation due to the detailed manufacturability improvements, and (3) ease of operation. We demonstrate here a new approach for quantitative chemical/biochemical sensing when analog signals are acquired from conventional optical disk drives, and these signals are used for quantitative detection of optical changes of sensor films deposited on conventional CD and DVD optical disks. Because we do not alter manufacturing process of optical disks, any disk can be employed for deposition and readout of sensor films. The optical disk drives also perform their original function of reading and writing digital content to optical media because no optical modifications are introduced to obtain the analog signal. Such a sensor platform is quite universal and can be applied for chemical and biological quantitative detection, as well as for monitoring of changes of physical properties of regions deposited onto a CD or DVD (e.g., during combinatorial screening of materials). As a model example, we demonstrate the concept using chemical detection of ionic species such as Ca2+ in liquids (e.g., blood, urine, or water). Colorimetric calcium-sensitive sensor films were deposited onto a DVD, exposed to water with different concentrations of Ca2+, and quantified in the optical disk drive. The developed lab-on-DVD system demonstrated a 5 ppm detection limit of Ca2+ determinations, similar or slightly better than that achieved using a conventional fiber-optic portable spectrometer. This detection limit corresponded to a 0.023 absorbance unit resolution, as determined by the measurement of the same colorimetric films with a portable spectrometer. Determinations of Ca2+ unknowns using the lab-on-DVD system demonstrated +/-5 ppm accuracy and 2-5% relative standard deviation precision in predicting 100 ppm Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radislav A Potyrailo
- Materials Analysis and Chemical Sciences, Information and Decision Technologies, and Polymer and Chemical Technologies, Global Research Center, General Electric Company, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA.
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Huang Z, Timerbaev AR, Keppler BK, Hirokawa T. Determination of cisplatin and its hydrolytic metabolite in human serum by capillary electrophoresis techniques. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1106:75-9. [PMID: 16203005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is for a long time in clinical use as efficient antitumor drug. The success in cisplatin-based chemotherapy, however, strongly depends on how careful the drug's dosages are monitored in order to reduce severe side-effects and overcome cellular resistance. The use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct UV detection is described for the determination of intact cisplatin in human serum. The main product of drug's hydrolytic metabolism, cis-diammineaquachloroplatinum(II), was quantified using capillary zone electrophoresis in combination with indirect UV detection and on-line transient isotachophoresis preconcentration. The detection limits of platinum species studied were about 2-3 micromol l(-1) that allows the proposed methods to be applied for quantification of the administered levels of cisplatin as well as drug's active metabolite. Changes in the speciation of cisplatin occurring after intravenous administration can also be monitored using these simple and convenient CE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Riaz A, Chung DS. Calibration of migration times of variable salinity samples with internal standards in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:553-62. [PMID: 16380955 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach is presented for identifying the analyte peaks stacked by transient ITP (TITP) in samples of uncontrolled salinity. For TITP with chloride ions acting as the leading electrolyte, the effect of matrix chloride of an unknown concentration was calibrated using multiple internal standards to predict the migration times of weakly acidic anionic analytes behaving as strong electrolytes to an accuracy of over 99.9%. The calibration equations for the migration time of an analyte are given as a function of the migration times of internal standards using the mobilities of the relevant ions as parameters. The effects of matrix chloride and various separation conditions such as the temperature, plug length, ionic strength, and pH of the BGE were completely eliminated from the calibration equations. In addition, the actual mobilities, determined for a standard saline sample under the working conditions, were used, and thus, there was no need to conduct supplementary experiments to determine the absolute mobilities at infinite dilution. The internal standards were dyes, which were easily identified in an auxiliary channel monitoring the absorbance at a longer wavelength. For five standard saline matrices containing 100-300 mM NaCl at intervals of 50 mM, the mean absolute error (MAE) in migration times calibrated with two internal standards was 0.4 s (n=5x13). For an electropherogram of a real standard reference urine sample, peaks of spiked analytes were identified with an MAE of 0.9 s (n=13) without conductivity normalizing or desalting of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Riaz
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Timerbaev AR, Hirokawa T. Recent advances of transient isotachophoresis-capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of small ions from high-conductivity matrices. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:323-40. [PMID: 16421955 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since its invasion into the field of small ion analysis, quantitation of trace ionic analytes has always been a challenging task for CE, especially when dealing with highly saline samples. This review summarizes the method's progress and significant developments in the area due to its combination with on-line preconcentration by transient ITP (tITP). Principles of tITP stacking in high-conductivity solutions and operational preconcentration modes are considered. The most important application areas covered in this review include the analysis of seawater and biological fluids (urine, serum, etc.). Examples cited in this review demonstrate that tITP-CE is now on a certain way of becoming a recognized technique when the determination of trace ionic species in loaded matrices is the aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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