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Chen L, Li X, Tian T, Yang S, Wang H. Enantioseparation and mechanism study on baclofen by capillary electrophoresis and molecular modeling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115371. [PMID: 36996616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective analysis of chiral drugs plays a significant role in chemistry, biology and pharmacology. Baclofen, an antispasmodic chiral drug, has been widely studied due to the obvious differences in toxicity and medical activity between enantiomers. Herein, a simple and efficient method for separation of baclofen enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis was established without complicated sample derivatization and expensive instruments. Then, the molecular modeling and density functional theory were used to simulate and investigate the chiral resolution mechanism of electrophoresis, the calculated intermolecular forces were directly presented by visualization softwares. Moreover, the theoretical and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of ionized baclofen were compared, and the configuration of dominant enantiomer in the nonracemic mixture can be determined by ECD signal intensity, which was proportional to the electrophoresis peak area difference of the corresponding enantiomer excess experiments. In this way, the peak order identification and configuration quantification of baclofen enantiomers in electrophoretic separation were successfully achieved without relying on a single standard.
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2
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Liu M, Chen L, Li X, Meng J, Bai Y, Liu H. Separation and determination of 3-hydroxyaspartate by online concentration capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence with microwave-assisted derivatization. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3646-3653. [PMID: 34350710 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chiral analytical method was proposed based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for the simultaneous baseline separation and sensitive detection of four stereoisomers of 3-hydroxyaspartate. The derivatization reaction of 3-hydroxyaspartate with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole was greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions, the derivatization yield was increased by 20% and the derivatization time was shortened by 20 min when compared with those from conventional water bath heating. In addition, the sensitivity was improved by online sample concentration methods. The detection limit of l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate obtained by large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching was 5.3 nmol/L, which was around 1000-fold lower than that of the capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence without stacking. The excellent analytical performance in terms of linearity and precision was also achieved. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 3-hydroxyaspartate in the spiked urine, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.5 to 107.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Meng
- Department of mathematics, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Chen L, Liu M, Yang S, Zhao H, Yao X, Li X, Meng J. Theoretical electronic circular dichroism investigations of chiral amino acids and development of separation and identification methods independent of standards. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462446. [PMID: 34384924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Through an appropriate computational protocol and environmental simulation, a satisfactory fit was observed for the theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of 19 chiral amino acids (AAs), which correspondeds to the forms of the AAs in aqueous solution. Methods for enantioseparation of these chiral AAs by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. Combining ECD with chromatographic separation methods, enantiomers were identified and quantified independent of a single enantiomer standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jinghua Meng
- Department of Mathematics, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China
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Wang T, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Zha J, Ye J, Chu Q, Cheng G. β-cyclodextrin modified quantum dots as pseudo-stationary phase for direct enantioseparation based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Talanta 2019; 210:120629. [PMID: 31987180 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, quantum dots (QDs) have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their compelling features. In this work, a kind of composite QDs based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives modification was prepared, and for the first time utilized to separate and determine enantiomers in the combined system of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). By taking advantages of the inclusion complexation of β-CD and the fluorescence property of QD core, the composite QDs were added into the running buffer as pseudo-stationary phase. The resultant CE-LIF method accomplished enantioseparation for six groups of model analytes without need of capillary preparation and analyte derivatization. The effects of composite QDs concentration, the pH value and concentration of the running buffer on resolution have been investigated individually. The RSDs of interday and intraday repeatability were in the range of 2.7-8.1%, 0.7-3.9%, and 1.5-3.8% for the peak area, migration time and resolution, respectively. The theoretical calculation results of the binding energies and binding constant further validated the interaction mechanism of composite QDs and target analytes. Furthermore, this developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the active components (catechin and epicatechin) in Chinese herb Catechu, and the recoveries were in the range of 92.2-108%. The experimental results suggested that the preparation strategy of the composite QDs is appropriate for enantioseparation of more enantiomers by adjusting the modifiers on the surface of QDs, which is particularly promising for electrophoretic enantioseparation based on fluorescence detection, especially for those analytes lacking proper derivative functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuhuan Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinyin Zha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiannong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qingcui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Guifang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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D'Orazio G, Fanali C, Gentili A, Tagliaro F, Fanali S. Nano-liquid chromatography for enantiomers separation of baclofen by using vancomycin silica stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360358. [PMID: 31337499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The chiral separation of baclofen (Bac) was obtained by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) using a 100 μm I.D. fused silica capillary column packed with silica particles chemically modified with vancomycin. Various experimental parameters, such as composition (buffer concentration, water content, organic modifier) and pH of the mobile phase and sample solvent were investigated for method optimization. In order to increase the sensitivity an on-column focusing procedure was applied. Acceptable separation of Bac enantiomers was obtained in less than 11 min eluting in isocratic mode, with 90:10 MeOH/water (v/v) containing 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.5. These optimized experimental conditions were applied to the analysis of human plasma samples spiked with racemic mixture of Bac. The use of a Buckypaper disc as sorbent membrane allows one to recover both enantiomers with yields ≥ 65%. The method was fully validated, following the identification criteria of the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB), CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Laboratory of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Liu YC, Chang SW, Chen CY, Chien IC, Lin CH. Separation and Determination of Cold Medicine Ingredients by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin as an Electrolyte Modifier and Chiral Selector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Cao LW, Li C. Rapid and sensitive analysis of baclofen by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis and FD detection. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Szökő É, Tábi T. Analysis of biological samples by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1180-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Liu P, He W, Qin XY, Sun XL, Chen H, Zhang SY. Synthesis and application of a novel single-isomer mono-6-deoxy-6-((2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1,4-tetramethylenediamine)-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. Chirality 2010; 22:914-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Suntornsuk L, Ployngam S. Simultaneous determination of R-(−)-, S-(+)-baclofen and impurity A by electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:541-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mikus P, Maráková K. Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2773-802. [PMID: 19653234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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12
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Rapid analysis and sensitive detection of dl-tryptophan by using shorter capillary column coupled with deep-UV fluorescence detector. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3753-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Belin GK, Seeger S. Rapid analysis of serotonin and propranolol using miniaturized CE with deep-UV fluorescence detector. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2565-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Liu P, Sun X, He W, Jiang R, Wang P, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Enantioselective separation of chiral vicinal diols in capillary electrophoresis using a mono-6A-aminoethylamino-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:125-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Schappler J, Staub A, Veuthey JL, Rudaz S. Highly sensitive detection of pharmaceutical compounds in biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced native fluorescence. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Sánchez-Hernández L, Crego AL, Marina ML, García-Ruiz C. Sensitive chiral analysis by CE: An update. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:237-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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19
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Kirschner DL, Jaramillo M, Green TK. Enantioseparation and stacking of Cyanobenz[f]isoindole-amino acids by reverse polarity capillary electrophoresis and sulfated beta-cyclodextrin. Anal Chem 2007; 79:736-43. [PMID: 17222044 DOI: 10.1021/ac061725+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the chiral separation of cyanobenz[f]isoindole (CBI) derivatives of amino acids was developed and optimized. The enantioseparations are accomplished with sulfated beta-CD (S-beta-CD) as chiral selector at low pH and reverse polarity. BGE conditions were optimized for CBI-serine and then applied to other CBI-amino acids. Baseline resolution of 13 CBI-amino acids was achieved using a single BGE formulation of 2 wt % S-beta-CD in 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.00 and a voltage of -30 kV. pH is the most critical BGE parameter affecting resolution. At 2 wt % S-beta-CD, CBI-serine enantiomers are baseline-resolved at pH 2.00 but no resolution is obtained at pH 3.00. l-Glutamate, l-aspartate and d-serine are simultaneously quantified in the microdialysate of an arctic ground squirrel to illustrate the application to biological samples. Dilute solutions of the CBI-amino acids in water can be stacked by hydrodynamic injection with a 100-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio without loss of chiral resolution. The stacking is proposed to consist of field-amplified migration, pH-mediated stacking, and sweeping by S-beta-CD. The limit of detections for CBI-dl-serine and CBI-dl-glutamate are determined as 0.20 and 0.30 nM, respectively. The stacking method was not applicable to the high ionic strength microdialysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
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Rammouz G, Lacroix M, Garrigues JC, Poinsot V, Couderc F. The use of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde for the analysis of primary amines using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:1223-39. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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