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El Menyiy N, Elouafy Y, Moubachir R, Abdnim R, Benali T, Taha D, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Hamza SMA, Elhadi Ibrahim S, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacological Properties of Gastrodin: Mechanism Insights. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400402. [PMID: 38573028 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodin, a bioactive compound derived from the rhizome of the orchid Gastrodia elata, exhibits a diverse range of biological activities. With documented neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-tumor effects, gastrodin stands out as a multifaceted therapeutic agent. Notably, it has demonstrated efficacy in protecting against neuronal damage and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia. Additionally, gastrodin showcases immunomodulatory effects by mitigating inflammation and suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Its cytotoxic activity involves the inhibition of angiogenesis, suppression of tumor growth, and induction of apoptosis. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the myriad potential effects of Gastrodin, delving into the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning its pharmacological properties. The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of gastrodin in addressing various conditions linked to neuroinflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate, 34025, Morocco
| | - Youssef Elouafy
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Rania Moubachir
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, 11201, Meknes, Marocco
| | - Rhizlan Abdnim
- Laboratoire de bioressources, biotechnologie, ethnopharmacologie et santé, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université Mohamed premier, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP:717, 60000, Oujda, Marocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh-Safi, 46030, Morocco
| | - Douae Taha
- Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment Laboratory, CERNE2D, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Unit, Health Research Cener, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, 11111, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddiqa M A Hamza
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, 24832, Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Elhadi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, 24832, Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
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Ma J, Zhou X, Xie B, Wang C, Chen J, Zhu Y, Wang H, Ge F, Huang F. Application for Identifying the Origin and Predicting the Physiologically Active Ingredient Contents of Gastrodia elata Blume Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning. Foods 2023; 12:4061. [PMID: 38002117 PMCID: PMC10670700 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata (G. elata) Blume is widely used as a health product with significant economic, medicinal, and ecological values. Due to variations in the geographical origin, soil pH, and content of organic matter, the levels of physiologically active ingredient contents in G. elata from different origins may vary. Therefore, rapid methods for predicting the geographical origin and the contents of these ingredients are important for the market. This paper proposes a visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy technology combined with machine learning. A variety of machine learning models were benchmarked against a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) in terms of accuracy. In the origin identification models, the 1D-CNN demonstrated excellent performance, with the F1 score being 1.0000, correctly identifying the 11 origins. In the quantitative models, the 1D-CNN outperformed the other three algorithms. For the prediction set of eight physiologically active ingredients, namely, GA, HA, PE, PB, PC, PA, GA + HA, and total, the RMSEP values were 0.2881, 0.0871, 0.3387, 0.2485, 0.0761, 0.7027, 0.3664, and 1.2965, respectively. The Rp2 values were 0.9278, 0.9321, 0.9433, 0.9094, 0.9454, 0.9282, 0.9173, and 0.9323, respectively. This study demonstrated that the 1D-CNN showed highly accurate non-linear descriptive capability. The proposed combinations of Vis-NIR spectroscopy with 1D-CNN models have significant potential in the quality evaluation of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Ma
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Baiheng Xie
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Bijie Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Jiaze Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanliu Zhu
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fahuan Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Furong Huang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Su Z, Yang Y, Chen S, Tang Z, Xu H. The processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Gastrodia elata Bl.: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116467. [PMID: 37187361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) is one of the rare Chinese medicinal materials with a long history of medicine and cooking. It consists of a variety of chemical components, including aromatic compounds, organic acids and esters, steroids, saccharides and their glycosides, etc., which has medicinal and edible value, and is widely used in various diseases, such as infantile convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. It is also commonly used in health care products and cosmetics. Thus, its chemical composition and pharmacological activity have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community. AIM In this review, the processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of GE were comprehensively and systematically summarized, which provides a valuable reference for researchers the rational of GE. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature and classic books from 1958 to 2023 was conducted using online bibliographic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ACS, Science Direct Database, CNKI and others to identify original research related to GE, its processing methods, active ingredients and pharmacological activities. RESULTS GE is traditionally used to treat infantile convulsion, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. To date, more than 435 chemical constituents were identified from GE including 276 chemical constituents, 72 volatile components and 87 synthetic compounds, which are the primary bioactive compounds. In addition, there are other biological components, such as organic acids and esters, steroids and adenosines. These extracts have nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system activities such as sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuron protection and regeneration, analgesia, antidepressant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, etc. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanism of GE over the last 66 years, which provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand its research status and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghu Su
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Shizhong Chen
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Zhan W, Yang X, Lu G, Deng Y, Yang L. A rapid quality grade discrimination method for Gastrodia elata powderusing ATR-FTIR and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120189. [PMID: 34352501 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata is an obligate fungal symbiont used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are currently 4 grades of the plant based on the "Commodity Specification Standard of 76 Kinds of Medicinal Materials". The traditional discrimination methods for determining the medicinal grade of G. elata powders are complex and time-consuming which are not suitable for rapid analysis. We developed a rapid analysis method for this plant using attenuated total reflection and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) together with machine learning algorithms. The original spectroscopic data was first pre-treated using the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) method and 4 principal components were extracted using extremely randomized trees (Extra-trees) and principal component analysis (PCA) algorithms, and different kinds of classification models were established. We found that multilayer perceptron classifier (MLPC) modeling was superior to support vector machine (SVM) and resulted in validation and prediction accuracies of 99.17% and 100%, respectively and a modeling time of 2.48 s. The methods established from the current study can rapidly and effectively distinguish the 4 different types of G. elata powders and thus provides a platform for rapid quality inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Zhan
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoquan Lu
- School of Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linnan Yang
- School of Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China.
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5
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Fawzi Mahomoodally M, Picot-Allain MCN, Zengin G, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Abdullah HH, Ak G, Senkardes I, Chiavaroli A, Menghini L, Recinella L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Phytochemical Analysis, Network Pharmacology and in Silico Investigations on Anacamptis pyramidalis Tuber Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:E2422. [PMID: 32455936 PMCID: PMC7288046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. forms part of the Orchidaceae family that is highlyvalued for its horticultural as well as therapeutic benefits. The present study set out to investigatethe inhibitory activity of A. pyramidalis tubers against key biological targets for the management oftype 2 diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and skin hyperpigmentation. In addition, the antioxidantpotential of the extracts was also assessed using multiple methods. The detailed phytochemicalprofiles of the extracts were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Based onqualitative phytochemical fingerprint, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted as well.Parishin was identified from the water extract only, whereas gastrodin and caffeic acid derivativeswere present in the methanol extract. The methanol extract exhibited high inhibitory activityagainst tyrosinase (69.69 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract), α-amylase (15.76 mg acarboseequivalent/g extract), and α-glucosidase (20.07 mg acarbose equivalent/g extract). Similarly, themethanol extract showed highest antioxidant potential (22.12, 44.23, 45.56, and 29.38 mg Troloxequivalent/g extract, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC),and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, respectively). Finally, the results ofnetwork pharmacology analysis, besides corroborating traditional uses of plant extracts in themanagement of cold and flu, confirmed a direct involvement of identified phytochemicals in theobserved enzyme inhibitory effects, especially against tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase.Furthermore, based on the results of both colorimetric assays and network pharmacology analysis related to the activity of A. pyramidalis extracts and identified phytocompounds on enzymesinvolved in type 2 diabetes, a docking study was conducted in order to investigate the putativeinteractions of oxo-dihydroxy octadecenoic acid trihydroxy octadecenoic acid against aldosereductase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV,and α-glucosidase. Docking analysis suggested the inhibitory activity of these compounds againstthe aforementioned enzymes, with a better inhibitory profile shown by oxo-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid. Overall, the present findings supported the rationale for the use of A.pyramidalis as source of bioactive metabolites and highlight, today more than ever, for the strongnecessity of linkage strategy between wild resource valorization and conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Hassan H. Abdullah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Ismail Senkardes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (G.O.); (C.F.)
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6
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Xu CB, Guo QL, Wang YN, Lin S, Zhu CG, Shi JG. Gastrodin Derivatives from Gastrodia elata. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:393-404. [PMID: 31734866 PMCID: PMC6872707 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine new gastrodin derivatives, including seven p-hydroxybenzyl-modified gastrodin ethers (1-7), 6'-O-acetylgastrodin (8), and 4-[α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]benzyl alcohol (9), together with seven known derivatives, were isolated from an aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata ("tian ma") rhizomes. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-4, 7, 10, and 11 were also isolated from a reaction mixture by refluxing gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in H2O. As both gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol exist in the plant, the reaction results provide evidence for the production and increase/decrease of potential effective/toxic components when "tian ma" is decocted solely or together with ingredients in Chinese traditional medicine formulations, though the isolates were inactive in the preliminarily cell-based assays at concentrations of 10 μM. Moreover, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRESIMS), 4, 7, 10, and 11, as well as component variations, were detectable in the freshly prepared extracts of different types of samples, including the freeze-dried fresh G. elata rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Gen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Gong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Yu B, Li Z, Wu J, Ying J, Tang Y, Wu B, Tang C, Xu J. Quality Control of Gastrodia elata by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC–FLD) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1674867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Yu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyi Wu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiamin Ying
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingchu Wu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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8
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Gao J, Wang T, Wang C, Wang S, Wang W, Ma D, Li Y, Zhao H, Chen J. Effects of Tianshu Capsule on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats as Revealed by 1H-NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:989. [PMID: 31572179 PMCID: PMC6749043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, resulting in serious complications such as cardiovascular damage and chronic kidney disease. Tianshu capsule (TSC), composed of Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort) and Tianma (Gastrodiaelata Blume), has been widely used to treat the blood stasis type of headache and migraine in clinic. Results of previous research showed its antihypertensive effects, but the underlying mechanisms were still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of TSC on spontaneously hypertensive rats by 1H NMR-based metabonomics and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIAS), explore potential biomarkers and targets, and probe the potential mechanism of TSC on antihypertensive treatment. The results showed that TSC could decrease the product of oxidative stress (MDA) and enhance the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, down-regulate the expression of enzymes (LDHA, PKM2 and HK2) related to glycolysis, and perturb the levels of a series of amino acids (isoleucine, alanine, asparagine, citrate, etc.) and pathways. Multivariate statistical analyses showed remarkable changes in some endogenous metabolites after administrating TSC related to oxidative stress, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism disturbances. Some enzymes (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-2, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, etc.) related to metabolic biomarkers were predicted as the potential targets of TSC treatment on SHRs. The discoveries are helpful to understand the antihypertensive mechanism of TSC and provide theoretical evidence for its future research, development and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Ma
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Fu Y, Shan M, Hu M, Jiang Y, Chen P, Chi Y, Yu S, Zhang L, Wu Q, Zhang F, Mao Z. Chemical profiling of Banxia-Baizhu-Tianma decoction by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:595-607. [PMID: 31261041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Banxia-Baizhu-Tianma decoction (BBTD) is a compound formulae of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been clinically used for treatments of neural vertigo, hypertension and epilepsy with a long history. In this study, with an ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS) method, a total of 88 components in BBTD were identified by the accurate masses and fragmentation pathways including 19 flavonoids, 8 lactones, 12 triterpenoids, 10 phenolics, 14 amino acids, 13 nucleobases and nucleosides, 7 organic acids, and 5 other compounds. In addition, under the same chromatographic conditions, we developed an ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TRAP-MS) method to simultaneously quantify 20 bioactive components in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, recovery and was successfully applied for determination of 12 batches of BBTD. We hope that this study work would help to reveal the chemical profiling and provide a valuable and reliable approach for quality evaluation and even efficacy material basis study of BBTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Minhui Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yumei Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formula, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Facheng Zhang
- Nanjing Checker Pharmacy Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhiying Mao
- Nanjing Checker Pharmacy Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Nanjing, PR China
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Xu L, Shi Q, Yan SM, Fu HY, Xie S, Lu D. Chemometric Analysis of Elemental Fingerprints for GE Authentication of Multiple Geographical Origins. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2796502. [PMID: 31380141 PMCID: PMC6657606 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2796502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of combining elemental fingerprints and chemical pattern recognition methods for authentication of the geographical origins of a Chinese herb, Gastrodia elata BI. (GE), was studied in this paper. A total of 210 GE samples were collected from 7 different producing areas. The levels of 15 mineral elements in GE, including Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Fe, Na, and K, were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using the autoscaled data of elemental fingerprints and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), two chemometrics strategies for multiclass classifications, One-Versus-Rest (OVR) and One-Versus-One (OVO), were studied and compared in discrimination of GE geographical origins. As a result, OVR-PLSDA and OVO-PLSDA could achieve the classification accuracy of 0.672 and 0.925, respectively. The results indicate that mineral elemental fingerprints coupled with chemometrics can provide a useful alternative method for simultaneous discrimination of multiple GE geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si-Min Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunping Xie
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., LTD., Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Daowang Lu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
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Novel Strategies Using Total Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin, or Total Gastrodigenin for Quality Control of Gastrodia elata. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020270. [PMID: 29382151 PMCID: PMC6017842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treatment of various neuro dysfunctions. However, its quality control is still limited to the determination of gastrodin. In the present study, two novel strategies based on quantitative evaluation of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin with base hydrolysis and total gastrodigenin with base-enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-FLD were put forward and successfully applied to evaluate the quality of 47 batches of G. elata from eight localities. Meanwhile, a systematic comparison of the novel strategy with the multiple markers and the Pharmacopeia method was performed. The results showed that the parishins category could be completely hydrolyzed to gastrodin by sodium hydroxide solution, and gastrodin could further utterly hydrolyze to gastrodigenin with β-d-glucosidase buffer solution. The contents of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin ranged from 1.311% to 2.034%, and total gastrodigenin from 0.748% to 1.120% at the eight localities. From the comparison, we can conclude that the two novel strategies can comprehensively reveal the characteristics of overall active ingredients in G. elata for quality control. The present study provides a feasible and credible strategy for the quality control of G. elata, suggesting a revision of the latest Chinese Pharmacopoeia or European Pharmacopoeia methods for the modernization of G. elata use.
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Kang C, Lai CJS, Zhao D, Zhou T, Liu DH, Lv C, Wang S, Kang L, Yang J, Zhan ZL, Huang LQ, Guo L. A practical protocol for comprehensive evaluation of sulfur-fumigation of Gastrodia Rhizoma using metabolome and health risk assessment analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:221-230. [PMID: 28715745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia Rhizoma is one of the most heavily sulfur-fumigated edible and medical herbs in the marketplace. We developed a practical protocol using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-MSE (UPLC/QTOF-MSE)-based metabolome and health risk assessment model to identify characteristic sulfur-fumigated markers, dissect chemical transformation mechanisms, and control the quality of sulfur-fumigated Gastrodia Rhizoma. Two sulfur-containing p-hydroxybenzyl products, one sulfur-containing disaccharide, one glycolipid, and two phospholipids were selected and identified as markers based on multivariate statistical analysis. In particular, the sulfur-containing markers p-hydroxybenzyl hydrogen sulfite and trace p-mercaptobenzyl hydrogen sulfate were positively correlated with the active major phenolics. Moreover, a practical index the time of the minimum content was useful for evaluating the extent of the sulfur-fumigation under different weight ratios of the sulfur to herbal materials (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80). Ultimately, the 1:40 ratio within 1h of sulfur-fumigation was considered as safe and efficient for herb quality preservation under the maximum residue limit of 750mg/kg. This study shows that the practical protocol-based discriminated markers and practical limits can be applied to quality assurance of sulfur-fumigation and non-fumigation Gastrodia Rhizoma and other edible or medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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Simultaneous determination of ferulic acid and gastrodin of Tianshu Capsule in rat plasma by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and migraine rats. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4120-4127. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li M, Du Y, Wang L, Jiang L, Ma X, Zhou P, Li P, Li H. Efficient Discovery of Quality Control Markers for Gastrodia elata Tuber by Fingerprint-Efficacy Relationship Modelling. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:351-359. [PMID: 28317245 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrodia elata tuber (GET) has been widely used in China as a famous herbal medicine. However, the quality control markers (QCMs) for GET still need further investigation. OBJECTIVE To develop a rational strategy based on fingerprint-efficacy relationship modelling to discover the efficacy-related QCMs, using GET as a case study. METHODOLOGY The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of 13 batches of GET extracts were established and 10 common peaks were structurally characterised by HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). The neuroprotective effects of GET samples were evaluated using the in vitro model of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ25-35 )-induced PC12 cell death. The fingerprint-efficacy relationship of chemical fingerprints and neuroprotective effects was linked by orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model. RESULTS The chemical combination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), parishin B (PB) and parishin C (PC) was discovered and confirmed as QCMs of GET by the OPLS-DA method. The selected QCMs allowed to evaluate the relative quality of GET samples. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that the rational strategy based on fingerprint-efficacy relationship modelling might be generally applicable for the quality control of herbal medicines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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15
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Untargeted metabolite analysis-based UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS reveals significant enrichment of p-hydroxybenzyl dimers of citric acids in fresh beige-scape Gastrodia elata (Wutianma). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:287-294. [PMID: 28380386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to comprehensively elucidate the chemical biosynthesis process of the beige-scape Gastrodia elata Blume (Wutianma) as a traditional herbal medicines, the untargeted analysis-based UHPLC-PDA-ESI-Q-TOF-MS reveals the metabolites ranging from the skeletons to novel dimers of citric acids in fresh and dried immature/mature stem tubers. Interestingly, two novel types of dimers for citric acids with the anhydride groups at sn-1 and/or sn-5 were discovered in fresh samples. Moreover, the classical mono- versus novel di-mers, and the aglycons versus the glycosides could be easily discriminated by signature fragmentation patterns and some novel adduct ions. The heat map of contents demonstrated more p-hydroxybenzyl metabolites than gastroxyl ones were determined in fresh Wutianma revealing a significant specificity with the lack of the sufficient gastrodin and gastroxyl products in biosynthetic pathway.
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16
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Jiang Z, Zheng X, Gong X, Zhao C, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Yan Y. Relative tissue distribution and excretion studies of gastrodin and parishin from powder and extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in rat by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27925254 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New research has indicated that Gastrodiae Rhizome (GR) has potential anti-diabetic and anti-asthmatic effects in mouse models. On the basis of our previous study of the relative bioavailability of gastrodin (GAS) and parishin (PA) from extract and powder of GR, we performed further research on the tissue distribution and excretion of the two analytes. A reliable bioanalytical method for the quantification of GAS and PA in rat tissues and excretion is required. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water with 0.1% formic acid. Calibration curves (1/x2 weighted) offered satisfactory linearity (r2 > 0.9835) within 100-3000 ng mL-1 for GAS and (r2 > 0.9862) within 10-1000 ng mL-1 for PA. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precision were all <14.98%, whilst the relative errors of the intra-day and inter-day accuracy were all within ±14.71%. The matrix effect and recovery values were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examination. The data of relative differences in tissue distribution and excretion of GAS and PA from powder and extract of GR indicated that higher bioavailabilities for GAS and PA were obtained when a dosage of 4 g kg-1 GR powder was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhan HD, Zhou HY, Sui YP, Du XL, Wang WH, Dai L, Sui F, Huo HR, Jiang TL. The rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume - An ethnopharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:361-85. [PMID: 27377337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) is commonly called Tian ma in Chinese and mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of eastern Asia, such as China, Korea, Japan and India. It is an extensively used traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, to treat headache, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, infantile convulsion, tetany and so on. The present paper reviews the advancements in investigation of botany and ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Gastrodia elata Blume. Finally, the possible tendency and perspective for future investigation of this plant are also put forward. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information on Gastrodia elata Blume was collected via piles of resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, ACS, Web of science, ScienceDirect databases, CNKI and others. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List", and "Mansfeld's Encyclopedia". RESULTS Over 81 compounds from this plant have been isolated and identified, phenolics and polysaccharides are generally considered as the characteristic and active constituents of Gastrodia elata Blume. Its active compounds possess wide-reaching biological activities, including sedative, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsive, antianxietic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, anti-vertigo, circulatory system modulating, anti-inflammationary, analgesic, antioxidative, memory-improving and antiaging, antivirus and antitumor effects. CONCLUSION Despite the publication of various papers on Gastrodia elata Blume, there is still, however, the need for definitive research and clarification of other bioactive compounds using bioactivity-guided isolation strategies, and the possible mechanism of action as well as potential synergistic or antagonistic effects of multi-component mixtures derived from Gastrodia elata Blume need to be evaluated. It is also necessary and important to do more quality control and toxicological study on human subjects in order to maintain its efficacy stable in the body and validate its safety in clinical uses. In addition, more investigations on other parts of this plant beyond the tubers are needed. Further studies on Gastrodia elata Blume will lead to the development of new drugs and therapeutics for various diseases, and how to utilize it better should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yun-Peng Sui
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Liang Du
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ting-Liang Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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18
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Lai CJS, Zha L, Liu DH, Kang L, Ma X, Zhan ZL, Nan TG, Yang J, Li F, Yuan Y, Huang LQ. Global profiling and rapid matching of natural products using diagnostic product ion network and in silico analogue database: Gastrodia elata as a case study. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:187-95. [PMID: 27318507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid discovery of novel compounds of a traditional herbal medicine is of vital significance for pharmaceutical industry and plant metabolic pathway analysis. However, discovery of unknown or trace natural products is an ongoing challenge. This study presents a universal targeted data-independent acquisition and mining strategy to globally profile and effectively match novel natural product analogues from an herbal extract. The famous medical plant Gastrodia elata was selected as an example. This strategy consists of three steps: (i) acquisition of accurate parent and adduct ions (PAIs) and the product ions data of all eluting compounds by untargeted full-scan MS(E) mode; (ii) rapid compound screening using diagnostic product ions (DPIs) network and in silico analogue database with SUMPRODUCT function to find novel candidates; and (iii) identification and isomerism discrimination of multiple types of compounds using ClogP and ions fragment behavior analyses. Using above data mining methods, a total of 152 compounds were characterized, and 70 were discovered for the first time, including series of phospholipids and novel gastroxyl derivatives. Furthermore, a number of gastronucleosides and phase II metabolites of gastrodin and parishins were discovered, including glutathionylated, cysteinylglycinated and cysteinated compounds, and phosphatidylserine analogues. This study extended the application of classical DPIs filter strategy and developed a structure-based screening approach with the potential for significant increase of efficiency for discovery and identification of trace novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Liangping Zha
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Kunming, 650231, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Fajie Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, PR China.
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Ma XD, Fan YX, Jin CC, Wang F, Xin GZ, Li P, Li HJ. Specific targeted quantification combined with non-targeted metabolite profiling for quality evaluation of Gastrodia elata tubers from different geographical origins and cultivars. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Chen S, Liu JQ, Xiao H, Zhang J, Liu A. Simultaneous Qualitative Assessment and Quantitative Analysis of Metabolites (Phenolics, Nucleosides and Amino Acids) from the Roots of Fresh Gastrodia elata Using UPLC-ESI-Triple Quadrupole Ion MS and ESI- Linear Ion Trap High-Resolution MS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150647. [PMID: 26954012 PMCID: PMC4783114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, effective and optimized method, based on ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ESI-triple quadrupole ion MS and ESI-linear ion trap high-resolution MS, has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative and qualitative determination of phenolics, nucleosides and amino acids in the roots of fresh Gastrodia elata. Optimization of the analytical method provided higher separation efficiency and better peak resolution for the targeted compounds. The simultaneous separation protocols were also optimized by routinely using accurate mass measurements, within 5 ppm error, for each molecular ion and the subsequent fragment ions. In total, 31 compounds, including 23 phenolics, two nucleosides, four amino acids, one gastrodin and one other compound were identified or tentatively characterized. Mono-substituted parishin glucoside (9), methoxy mono-substituted parishin (13), methyl parishin (26), p-hydroxybenzyl di-substituted parishin (29), and p-hydroxybenzyl parishin (31) were tentatively identified as new compounds. Principal metabolite content analysis and the composition of eight representative G. elata cultivars of various species indicated that geographic insulation was the main contributor to clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qiu Liu
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - An Liu
- Key laboratory of Beijing for identification and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Xu XB, Wu TX, Tang QL. Changes in Gastrodia tuber Ethanol Extracts During Grifola frondosa Fermentation. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Tang C, Wang L, Liu X, Cheng M, Qu Y, Xiao H. Comparative pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats after intragastric administration of free gastrodin, parishin and Gastrodia elata extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:49-54. [PMID: 26471288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese herb, was widely used against convulsant, vertigo, paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, asthma and immune dysfunctions. Gastrodin is one of the major bioactive components of G. elata and it is known for its anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD) method was developed to determine gastrodin in rat plasma. Gastrodin and Thiamphenicol (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma by immediately protein precipitation. The pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats by following differently administered types was studies: intragastric administration of gastrodin (100mg/kg), parishin (116 mg/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety) and G. elata extract (2.3g/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety). Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed using the software of WinNonlin (Phoenix, version 6.3), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-∞, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, were quite different among the three types of gastrodin administration. The administration of parishin and G. elata extract, which either could convert to gastrodin in vivo or contained free gastrodin and abundant gastrodin conjugates, gave rise to higher elimination half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) values for gastrodin compared to free gastrodin administered. CONCLUSION The comparison of the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin among three different administered types of gastrodin in rats suggested that administration of parishin or G. elata extract in clinic may result in a longer duration time of action than that of the administration of free gastrodin. The results may provide some guidance for the clinical applications of parishin and G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Tang C, Wang L, Li J, Liu X, Cheng M, Xiao H. Analysis of the metabolic profile of parishin by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1913-20. [PMID: 26010793 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parishin is a dominant active ingredient originating from Gastrodia elata Blume, and has good neuroprotective effects against brain disorders. In the present study, the metabolic profile of parishin by in vitro and in vivo experiments was investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) combined with an automated MS(E) technique. By comparison with reference compounds, accurate mass measurement, the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the parent drug parishin and gastrodin and relevant bio-transformation knowledge, 14 metabolites (seven hydrolyzates and seven derivatives of gastrodin) were detected and identified in rat plasma and urine after intragastric administration of parishin, including processes of hydrolyzation, oxidation, sulfation and glucuronidation. According to the proposed metabolic pathways of parishin, in vitro hydrolytic experiments and metabolic study of gastrodin in rat plasma, it can be inferred that parishin mainly functions as a prodrug and undergoes hydrolysis before being absorbed into the blood. The hydrolyzate, mainly gastrodin, was involved in further metabolism, which was responsible for pharmacological activities of parishin. In conclusion, this work provides valuable information on parishin metabolism using a rapid and reliable UHPLC/Q-TOF MS method, which could be widely used for the metabolic investigation of natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejiang Li
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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A novel dereplication strategy for the identification of two new trace compounds in the extract of Gastrodia elata using UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:45-52. [PMID: 25746751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An ultra performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used in the structural determination of natural compounds in Gastrodia elata. A total of 64 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. The strategy used for characterization was comparing their retention time and fragmentation behaviors with those of the reference standards, or investigating their accurate mass measurements and characteristic fragmentation patterns followed by low-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS). Phenolic conjugates mainly underwent consecutive losses of gastrodin residues and combined losses of H2O and CO2 from their citric acid units under negative MS/MS conditions. According to these rules, we have successfully characterized fifteen potential novel compounds. To confirm the reliability of this strategy, two targeted unknown trace parishins were obtained from G. elata by LC/MS-guided isolation. Based on the analysis of data from NMR spectroscopy and other techniques, the two unknown parishins were identified as 2-[4-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)benzyl]-3-methyl-citrate (parishin J) and 1,2-di-[4-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)benzyl]-3-methyl-citrate (parishin K), respectively. The fully established structures were consistent with the MS-oriented structural elucidation. This study expanded our knowledge on parishins in Gastrodia species, and the proposed strategy was proven efficient and reliable in the discovery of new minor compounds from herbal extracts.
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Tang C, Wang L, Cheng M, Zhang X, Liu X, Xiao H. Rapid and sensitive analysis of parishin and its metabolites in rat plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:104-109. [PMID: 25464102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD) method was developed and validated for quantification of parishin and its metabolites in rats. Plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation and then analyzed using UHPLC-FLD system. Repeated optimization showed that parishin and its metabolites, including gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin B and parishin C, could be sensitively detected based on the autofluorescence when excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 225nm and 295nm, respectively. The limit of detections (LODs) of GAS, HBA, PB, PC and PA reached 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1 and 1ng/mL, respectively. The linearity for all targets was within the range 2.5-5000ng/mL and the correlation coefficient (r2) was larger than 0.999. Importantly, our method was almost free from matrix effects and the recoveries were higher than 80%. Additionally, our method also had high precision and accuracy for all analytes, presenting RSDs and REs within ±6% and ±14%, respectively. Finally, the validated UHPLC-FLD method was successfully applied for studying the pharmacokinetics of parishin following intragastrically administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
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Chemical Profiling of an Antimigraine Herbal Preparation, Tianshu Capsule, Based on the Combination of HPLC, LC-DAD-MS (n) , and LC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF/MS Analyses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:580745. [PMID: 25140187 PMCID: PMC4129172 DOI: 10.1155/2014/580745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical profiling is always the first task in the standardization and modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine. HPLC and LC-MS were employed to find out the common chromatographic peaks in various batches of Tianshu Capsule (TSC) and the contribution of the characteristic peaks from individual herbs to the whole chromatographic profile of TSC sample. A total of 38 constituents were identified in TSC sample based on the comparison of retention time and UV spectra with authentic compounds as well as by summarized MS fragmentation rules and matching of empirical molecular formula with those of published components. This is the first systematic report on the chemical profiling of the commercial TSC product, which provides the sufficiently chemical evidence for the global quality evaluation of TSC products.
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Kwon J, Kim N, Lee D, Han AR, Lee JW, Seo EK, Lee JH, Lee D. Metabolomics approach for the discrimination of raw and steamed Gastrodia elata using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee DK, Lim DK, Um JA, Lim CJ, Hong JY, Yoon YA, Ryu Y, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Park JH, Seo YB, Kim K, Lim J, Kwon SW, Lee J. Evaluation of four different analytical tools to determine the regional origin of Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa on the basis of metabolomics study. Molecules 2014; 19:6294-308. [PMID: 24840900 PMCID: PMC6271526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical profiles of medicinal plants could be dissimilar depending on the cultivation environments, which may influence their therapeutic efficacy. Accordingly, the regional origin of the medicinal plants should be authenticated for correct evaluation of their medicinal and market values. Metabolomics has been found very useful for discriminating the origin of many plants. Choosing the adequate analytical tool can be an essential procedure because different chemical profiles with different detection ranges will be produced according to the choice. In this study, four analytical tools, Fourier transform near‑infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‑NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were applied in parallel to the same samples of two popular medicinal plants (Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa) cultivated either in Korea or China. The classification abilities of four discriminant models for each plant were evaluated based on the misclassification rate and Q2 obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS‑DA), respectively. 1H-NMR and LC-MS, which were the best techniques for G. elata and R. glutinosa, respectively, were generally preferable for origin discrimination over the others. Reasoned by integrating all the results, 1H-NMR is the most prominent technique for discriminating the origins of two plants. Nonetheless, this study suggests that preliminary screening is essential to determine the most suitable analytical tool and statistical method, which will ensure the dependability of metabolomics-based discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Jung A Um
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Chang Ju Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Young A Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Yeonsuk Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea.
| | - Hi Jae Cho
- Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Young Bae Seo
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Korea.
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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Wang L, Xiao HB, Yang L, Wang ZT. Two new phenolic glycosides from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:457-462. [PMID: 22428666 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.669755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new phenolic glycosides, named parishins F-G (1-2), together with known parishin E, were isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. The new structures were established as 1,3-di-[4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl) benzyl]-2-{4-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] benzyl} citrate (1) and 2-[4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)benzyl] citrate (2), by means of MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral analyses, as well as chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Kim BW, Koppula S, Kim JW, Lim HW, Hwang JW, Kim IS, Park PJ, Choi DK. Modulation of LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia by Gastrodia elata: 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is the bioactive candidate. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:549-57. [PMID: 22155394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae, GE) a traditional plant in Oriental countries is known for its enormous benefits to treat headaches, dizziness, vertigo and convulsive illnesses. In the present study, the ethnopharmacological role of GE in neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and the mechanisms underlying were reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS BV-2 microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed and the effects of GE on corresponding neuroinflammatory parameters were assessed. RESULTS GE extract inhibited LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines and down regulated the c-Jun NH(2)-Terminal Kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, which are known to be involved in neuroinflammation. Further, inhibition of NO and iNOS by 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), one of the active constituent of GE in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells suggest that 4-HBA might be the bioactive candidate. CONCLUSION GE extract and its active constituent 4-HBA could be further exploited to mitigate microglial activation and may be developed as a new therapeutic remedy in treating various neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Lei Y, Wang L, Cheng M, Xiao H. Identification of major metabolites in rat urine and plasma of N(6) -(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside by LC/MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:344-52. [PMID: 21110386 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N(6) -(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside, a novel neuroprotective compound found in Gastrodia elata at trace level, is regarded as a potential drug for the treatment of neural degenerative disease. To understand the metabolism of this compound, the metabolites in rat urine and plasma of N(6) -(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS after oral administration of this compound. Beside the parent compound, six phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites in urine were detected by scanning all possible metabolites in extracted ion chromatograms mode. By comparing their product ion spectra and retention times with those of parent compound, these metabolites were identified and proved to be mainly formed via hydrolysis or hydroxylation in phase I, N-sulfation or N-glucuronidation in phase II or their combinations. Similarly, the parent compound, one phase I metabolite and two phase II metabolites were also identified in rat plasma. Therefore, the in vivo metabolic pathways of N(6) -(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside in rat were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Dalian institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
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