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Du B, Shen M, Pan Z, Zhu C, Luo D, Zeng L. Trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with complementary use of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Food Chem 2021; 375:131663. [PMID: 34848092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presented a universal LC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in foods by complementary use of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The analytes included not only the well-known BHT and BHA but also 18 high molecular weight SPAs. The method utilized APCI to achieve sensitive analysis of BHT, Irganox 1010, Irganox 330, and Irganox 3125 based on the finding that APCI significantly improved the sensitivity of these weakly acidic or slightly polar SPAs, and utilized ESI to obtain sensitive analysis of other SPAs. Additionally, the method avoided background contamination by using effective measures including installation of a trapping column in the LC system. Method performance assessment showed satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision for analysis of SPAs in vegetable oil, milk powder, and baby fruit puree. Method application revealed widespread contamination of foods with BHT, Irganox 1010, and Irganox 1076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibai Du
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Mingjie Shen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zibin Pan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Aksu Dönmez Ö, Dinç-Zor Ş, Aşçı B, Bozdoğan AE. Quantitative Analysis of Food Additives in a Beverage using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Diode Array Detection Coupled with Chemometrics. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:779-783. [PMID: 33241373 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, the levels of synthetic food additives causing harm to humans have been determined and their use has been controlled by legal regulations. Sensitive, accurate and low-cost analysis methods are required for food additive determination. OBJECTIVE In this study, a fast high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analytical methodology for quantification of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, ponceau 4R, and carmoisine in a beverage was proposed. METHODS Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) multivariate calibration methods applied to chromatograms with overlapped peaks were used to establish a green and smart method with short isocratic elution. A series of synthetic solutions including different concentrations of analytes were used to test the prediction ability of the developed methods. CONCLUSIONS The average recoveries for all target analytes were in the range of 98.27-101.37% with average relative prediction errors of less than 3%. The proposed chemometrics-assisted HPLC-DAD methods were implemented to a beverage successfully. Analysis results from sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, ponceau 4R, and carmoisine in a beverage by PLS-2 and PCR were statistically compared with conventional HPLC. HIGHLIGHTS The HPLC methods coupled with the PLS-2 and PCR algorithm could provide a simple, quick and accurate strategy for simultaneous determination of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, ponceau 4R, and carmoisine in a beverage sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Aksu Dönmez
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpaşa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şule Dinç-Zor
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpaşa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bürge Aşçı
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpaşa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdürrezzak E Bozdoğan
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpaşa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhu S, Liu D, Zhu X, Su A, Zhang H. Extraction of Illegal Dyes from Red Chili Peppers with Cholinium-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:2753752. [PMID: 28831327 PMCID: PMC5555004 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2753752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new kind of green solvents have been used to extract bioactive compounds but there are few applications in extracting chrysoidine dyes. In this study, we developed an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method with choline chloride/hydrogen bond donor (ChCl/HBD) DES for the extraction of chrysoidine G (COG), astrazon orange G (AOG), and astrazon orange R (AOR) in food samples. Some experimental parameters, such as extraction time, raw material/solvent ratio, and temperature, were evaluated and optimized as follows: the ratio of ChCl/HBD, 1 : 2 (v/v); the ratio of sample/DES, 1 : 10 (g/mL); extraction time, 20 min; extraction temperature, 50°C. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (μg/mL) were 0.10 for COG and 0.06 for AOG and AOR. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.2-2.1%. The recoveries of the three dyes were in the range of 80.2-105.0%. By comparing with other commonly used solvents for extracting chrysoidine dyes, the advantages of DESs proved them to be potential extraction solvents for chrysoidine G, astrazon orange G, and astrazon orange R in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality and Standard, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Along Su
- Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Food Additives and Caffeine in Soft Drinks. Int J Anal Chem 2016; 2016:2879406. [PMID: 26989415 PMCID: PMC4773534 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2879406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for the simultaneous determination of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, carmoisine, allura red, ponceau 4R, and caffeine in commercial soft drinks. The experimental variables chosen were pH (6.0–7.0), flow rate (1.0–1.4 mL/min), and mobile phase ratio (85–95% acetate buffer). Resolution values of all peak pairs were used as a response. Stationary phase was Inertsil OctaDecylSilane- (ODS-) 3V reverse phase column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) dimensions. The detection was performed at 230 nm. Optimal values were found 6.0 pH, 1.0 mL/min flow rate, and 95% mobile phase ratio for the method which was validated by calculating the linearity (r2 > 0.9962), accuracy (recoveries ≥ 95.75%), precision (intraday variation ≤ 1.923%, interday variation ≤ 1.950%), limits of detection (LODs), and limits of quantification (LOQs) parameters. LODs and LOQs for analytes were in the range of 0.10–0.19 μg/mL and 0.33–0.63 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully for the simultaneous determination of the mixtures of five food additives and caffeine in soft drinks.
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Jonkers T, Covaci A, de Boer J. Screening of additives in plastics with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry and different ionization sources: direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI, and LC-ion booster ESI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2945-53. [PMID: 26758596 PMCID: PMC4819935 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are complex mixtures consisting of a polymer and additives with different physico-chemical properties. We developed a broad screening method to elucidate the nature of compounds present in plastics used in electrical/electronic equipment commonly found at homes (e.g., electrical adaptors, computer casings, heaters). The analysis was done by (a) solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high accuracy/resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with different ionization sources or (b) direct analysis of the solid by ambient mass spectrometry high accuracy/resolution TOFMS. The different ionization methods showed different selectivity and sensitivity for the different compound classes and were complementary. A variety of antioxidants, phthalates, UV filters, and flame retardants were found in most samples. Furthermore, some recently reported impurities or degradation products derived from flame retardants were identified, such as hydroxylated triphenyl phosphate and tetrabromobisphenol A monoglycidyl ether. Wide screening of plastic additives by direct probe injection (DIP)-APCI, LC-APCI and LC-ion booster ESI ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Jonkers
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jia W, Chu X, Ling Y, Huang J, Lin Y, Chang J. Simultaneous determination of dyes in wines byHPLCcoupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:782-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- College of chemistry and chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Food SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing China
| | - Xiaogang Chu
- College of chemistry and chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- Institute of Food SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing China
| | - Yun Ling
- Institute of Food SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing China
| | - Junrong Huang
- College of chemistry and chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yuanhui Lin
- Beijing Entry‐Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Beijing China
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Abstract
AbstractThis article examines the contribution of liquid chromatography to the study of polyolefin additives commonly used to obtain improved environmental resistance (antioxidants, ultraviolet light stabilizers, antistatics, and so on) and appearance enhancements (e.g. colorants). Several reversed-phase liquid chromatographic methods are summarized, and a detailed description of different detectors is provided. In addition, ways of applying these methods to analyse food contact materials and plastic toys are emphasized. Finally, the potential use of these methods is addressed which complies with European health safety regulations.
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Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Norwood DL, Jenke D, Manolescu C, Pennino S, Grinberg N. HPLC and LC/MS Analysis of Pharmaceutical Container Closure System Leachables and Extractables. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902959497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Norwood
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis Jenke
- b Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Manolescu
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott Pennino
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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Xia L, Liu HL, Li P, Zhou JL, Qi LW, Yi L, Chen J. Rapid and sensitive analysis of multiple bioactive constituents in Compound Danshen preparations using LC-ESI-TOF-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3156-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effect of organic mobile phase composition on signal responses for selected polyalkene additive compounds by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1193:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Noguerol-Cal R, López-Vilariño J, Fernández-Martínez G, Barral-Losada L, González-Rodríguez M. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ten dyes for control of safety of commercial articles. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1179:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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