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Teixeira Tarley CR, Gorla FA, Midori de Oliveira F, Nascentes CC, Ferreira MDP, Ferreira da Costa M, Segatelli MG. Investigation of the performance of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) as efficient adsorbents in SPE columns for simultaneous preconcentration of tricyclic antidepressants in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:5100-5109. [PMID: 36472141 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction-based (SPE) procedure for simultaneous preconcentration of five tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT), nortriptyline hydrochloride (NOR), doxepin hydrochloride (DOX), imipramine hydrochloride (IMI), and clomipramine hydrochloride (CLO) from water samples with determination by HPLC-DAD is proposed. Polymers were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis. SPE-based methods were carried out by the preconcentration of 320.0 mL of TCAs at pH 7.0 (buffered with 0.01 mol L-1 phosphate buffer) through 70.0 mg of adsorbent packed into a SPE cartridge, followed by elution with 1.0 mL of ACN : MeOH : acetic acid solution (45 : 45 : 10% v/v). Higher preconcentration factors were obtained ranging from 117.9 to 372.2 and 207.1 to 396.1 by using poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) and poly(AA-co-EGDMA), respectively, yielding lower limits of detection (0.03 to 0.12 μg L-1) and (0.03 to 0.15 μg L-1). These outcomes show satisfactory detectability of SPE-based methods, with slightly better performance using poly(MAA-co-EGDMA). On the other hand, poly(AA-co-EGDMA) was able to preconcentrate TCAs in the presence of humic acid (7.0 mg L-1) without interference. The precision of methods assessed as RSD (%) was very similar, ranging from 1.7% to 16.3% for poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) and 1.7% to 13.4% for poly(AA-co-EGDMA). SPE cartridges packed with the polymers showed high reusability (52 cycles of preconcentration and elution) without losing adsorption efficiency. The methods were applied to determine TCAs in tap, lake, and stream water samples and the accuracy was attested by addition and recovery tests (86.7-116.0%), with determined nortriptyline ranging from 0.48 to 0.52 μg L-1 in lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Vaz s/n, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Gorla
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Avenida Cívica 475, Centro Cívico, CEP 85.935-000, Assis Chateaubriand, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Midori de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Clésia Cristina Nascentes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milena do Prado Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Marcello Ferreira da Costa
- Department of Physics, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gava Segatelli
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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2
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Adel Ahmed M, Quirino JP. pH-assisted in-line pseudophase microextraction and separation with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride admicelles in open-tubular capillary-based separations. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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Khonsari YN, Sun S. A novel MIP-ECL sensor based on RGO-CeO 2NP/Ru(bpy) 32+-chitosan for ultratrace determination of trimipramine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:471-478. [PMID: 33289771 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-electrochemiluminescence (MIP-ECL) sensor based on CeO2NP-RGO/Ru(bpy)32+-MIP-chitosan was introduced for the ultrasensitive and ultraselective detection of trimipramine (TRI). TRI-MIP was synthesized via the precipitation polymerization process. A nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide decorated with ceria (CeO2NP-RGO) was synthesized through a facile sonochemical process. CeO2NP-RGO was utilized for modifying the surface of an electrode which consequently led to an excellent electrical conductivity, enhanced electrochemical and ECL characteristics of Ru(bpy)32+. Electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the MIP-ECL sensor were evaluated. Accordingly, the ECL intensity was significantly enhanced via TRI molecule adsorption on the MIP composite film. The prepared MIP-ECL sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity as well as good reproducibility and stability for TRI determination under the applied optimal conditions. The assays response for TRI concentration was linear in the range of 0.2-100 pM with a 0.995 correlation coefficient. The limit of detection (LOD) was as small as 0.025 pM (S/N = 3). The recoveries between 91-107% for human serum (RSDs < 4.1%) and 94-104.6% for human urine (RSDs < 3.4%) approve that the MIP-ECL sensor can be used for precise detection of TRI in complex biological matrices. Ultimately, this sensor was utilized successfully for the analysis of TRI in human serum and urine samples without any special pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Nasiri Khonsari
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Ganjingzi, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
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4
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A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:32-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Haghnazari L, Nomani H, Fattahi N, Sharafi K, Moradi M. Sensitive determination of psychotropic drugs in urine samples using continuous liquid-phase microextraction with an extraction solvent lighter than water. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel extraction vessel was employed, for the first time, in continuous liquid-phase microextraction (CLPME) with an extraction solvent lighter than water for the extraction of psychotropic drugs from urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Haghnazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- School of Medicine
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Hamid Nomani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- School of Medicine
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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6
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Hamidi F, Hadjmohammadi MR, Aghaie AB. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction based on amino-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 adsorbent for recovery of clomipramine from human plasma and its determination by high performance liquid chromatography: Optimization by experimental design. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Mansour MF, ElKady EF, El-Guindi NM, El-Moghazy SM, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Imipramine Hydrochloride with Chlordiazepoxide and Nortriptyline Hydrochloride with Fluphenazine Hydrochloride. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1251448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehab F. ElKady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Samir M. El-Moghazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Rahman N, Sameen S, Kashif M. Spectroscopic study of charge transfer complexation between doxepin and π–acceptors and its application in quantitative analysis. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Danel C, Melnyk P, Azaroual N, Larchanché PE, Goossens JF, Vaccher C. Evaluation of three neutral capillary coatings for the determination of analyte-cyclodextrin binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Application to N,N'-disubstituted piperazine derivatives. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:163-171. [PMID: 27286645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The performances of three neutral static coatings (hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) have been evaluated in order to determine the binding constants of the complexes formed between four polycationic compounds (piperazine derivatives) and four cyclodextrins of pharmaceutical interest (β-CD, HP-β-CD, Me-β-CD and sulfobutyl ether-β-CD) by affinity capillary electrophoresis. The physically-adsorbed poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) coating proves to be the more efficient to mask the silanol groups of the capillary wall since the lowest electroosmotic flow was measured for this coating. Moreover, it drastically reduces the adsorption of the compounds since it allows a correct repeatability of their migration time, higher efficiencies of the peaks and no baseline shift. Then, it was verified for four complexes that this coating allows a correct determination of the binding constants avoiding the CD adsorption which is responsible of an undervaluation of binding constants. The highest binding constants are obtained using the anionic sulfobutyl ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD). The structure of the complex formed between the tacrine derivative and the SBE-β-CD was further investigated through 2D ROESY NMR experiments and structure-binding constant relationships. Results suggest that the inclusion in the SBE-β-CD cavity occurs through the aliphatic ring portion of the tacrine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Danel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nathalie Azaroual
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Claude Vaccher
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
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10
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Rose S, Marcellan A, Narita T, Boué F, Cousin F, Hourdet D. Structure investigation of nanohybrid PDMA/silica hydrogels at rest and under uniaxial deformation. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5905-5917. [PMID: 26119868 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-hybrid hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) within a dispersion of silica nano-particles. Working at constant polymer/water ratio, the mechanical properties of hydrogels can be finely tuned by changing either the level of covalent cross-linker and/or the amount of particles that act as physical cross-linkers through specific adsorption of PDMA chains. Whatever is the cross-linking ratio (from 0 to 1 mol%), the introduction of silica nano-particles dramatically improves the mechanical behavior of hydrogels with a concomitant increase of stiffness and nominal strain at failure. The physical interactions being reversible in nature, the dynamics of the adsorption/desorption process of PDMA chains directly controls the time-dependence of the mechanical properties. Small angle neutron scattering experiments, performed in contrast matching conditions, show that silica particles, which repel themselves at short range, remain randomly dispersed during the formation of the PDMA network. Although PDMA chains readily interact with silica particles, no significant variation of the polymer concentration was observed in the vicinity of silica surfaces. Together with the time dependence of physical interactions pointed out by mechanical analyses, this result is attributed to the moderate adsorption energy of PDMA chains with silica surfaces at pH 9. From 2D SANS experiments, it was shown that strain rapidly gives rise to a non affine deformation of the hybrid network with shearing due to the transverse compression of the particles. After loading at intermediate deformation, the particles recover their initial distribution due to the covalent network that is not damaged in these conditions. That is no longer true at high deformation where residual anisotropy is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rose
- ESPCI/Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06/CNRS, UMR 7615, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005, Paris, France.
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11
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Yu PL, Tu YY, Hsieh MM. Combination of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin for high-speed enantioseparation of phenothiazines by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2015; 131:330-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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El-Houssini OM, Zawilla NH. Chromatographic methods for the determination of fluphenazine, nortriptyline and its impurity amitriptyline in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814120041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Grodner B, Łukaszkiewicz J, Kuran B, Krawiecka M. Capillary electrophoresis separation of aminoalkanol derivatives of 1,7-dimethyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5,10-trione as potential anticancer drugs. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3564-70. [PMID: 25280228 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study, the direct separation of aminoalkanol derivatives I and II of 1,7-dimethyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6) ]dec-8-ene-3,5,10-trione, which was found in earlier studies as potential anticancer drugs, were performed. Capillary electrophoresis offers the possibility of fast, cheap, and reproducible separations for compounds I and II. In this paper, the simultaneous separation of I and II by capillary zone electrophoresis has been achieved within 8 min by use of 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 2.5. Analysis of the two compounds in the serum plasma standards was conducted. Limits of detection of I and II by UV absorbance at 200 nm were achieved in the range of 156.3-156.6 ng/mL. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection, and quantification. The calibration equation revealed a good linear relationship (r(2) = 0.998-0.999). Sufficient recovery was observed in the range of 96.3-99.5%. The method showed good reproducibility with intra- and interday precision of 0.97 and 1.76%, respectively. The quantification limits for the compounds were in the range of 477.0-479.8 ng/mL. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of real serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Wu HF, Kailasa SK, Yan JY, Chin CC, Ku HY. Comparison of single-drop microextraction with microvolume pipette extraction directly coupled with capillary electrophoresis for extraction and separation of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Del Bubba M, Pinzauti S. Quality by Design approach in the development of a solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method: finding the design space for the determination of amitriptyline and its impurities. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:113-24. [PMID: 24176512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was set up for the simultaneous determination of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AMI) and its main impurities. The method was developed following Quality by Design (QbD) principles according to ICH Guideline Q8(R2). QbD approach made it possible to find the design space (DS), where quality was assured. After a scouting phase, aimed at selecting a suitable capillary electrophoresis pseudostationary phase, risk assessment tools were employed to define the critical process parameters (CPPs) to be considered in a screening phase (applied voltage, concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, concentration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, of the cosurfactant n-butanol and of the organic modifiers acetonitrile and urea). The effects of the seven selected CPPs on critical quality attributes (CQAs), namely resolution values between critical peak pairs and analysis time, were investigated throughout the knowledge space by means of a symmetric screening matrix. Response surface study was then carried out on four selected CPPs by applying a Doehlert Design. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to estimate the probability of meeting the desired specifications on CQAs, and thus to define the DS by means of a risk of failure map. Additional points at the edges of the DS were tested in order to verify the requirements for CQAs to be fulfilled. A control strategy was implemented by defining system suitability tests. The developed method was validated following ICH Guideline Q2(R1), including robustness assessment by Plackett-Burman design, and was applied to the analysis of real samples of amitriptyline coated tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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16
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Mansour MF, El-Kady EF, El-Guindi NM, El-Moghazy SM, Van Schepdael A. Simultaneous determination of chlordiazepoxide and selected antidepressants using CZE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3432-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. Mansour
- Farmaceutische Analyse; Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research; Giza Egypt
| | - Ehab F. El-Kady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Samir M. El-Moghazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Farmaceutische Analyse; Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Wen Y, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2933-52. [PMID: 23019127 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-YIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, P. R. China
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Kohler I, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Microextraction techniques combined with capillary electrophoresis in bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:125-41. [PMID: 22965532 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many environmentally sustainable sample-preparation techniques have been proposed, with the objective of reducing the use of toxic organic solvents or substituting these with environmentally friendly alternatives. Microextraction techniques (MEs), in which only a small amount of organic solvent is used, have several advantages, including reduced sample volume, analysis time, and operating costs. Thus, MEs are well adapted in bioanalysis, in which sample preparation is mandatory because of the complexity of a sample that is available in small quantities (mL or even μL only). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and efficient separation technique in which no organic solvents are required for analysis. Combination of CE with MEs is regarded as a very attractive environmentally sustainable analytical tool, and numerous applications have been reported over the last few decades for bioanalysis of low-molecular-weight compounds or for peptide analysis. In this paper we review the use of MEs combined with CE in bioanalysis. The review is divided into two sections: liquid and solid-based MEs. A brief practical and theoretical description of each ME is given, and the techniques are illustrated by relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kohler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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19
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Jones CJ, Larive CK. Microcoil NMR Study of the Interactions between Doxepin, β-Cyclodextrin, and Acetate during Capillary Isotachophoresis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7099-106. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301401p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
| | - Cynthia K. Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
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Abstract
The last two decades have provided analysts with more sensitive technology, enabling scientists from all analytical fields to see what they were not able to see just a few years ago. This increased sensitivity has allowed drug detection at very low concentrations and testing in unconventional samples (e.g., hair, oral fluid and sweat), where despite having low analyte concentrations has also led to a reduction in sample size. Along with this reduction, and as a result of the use of excessive amounts of potentially toxic organic solvents (with the subsequent environmental pollution and costs associated with their proper disposal), there has been a growing tendency to use miniaturized sampling techniques. Those sampling procedures allow reducing organic solvent consumption to a minimum and at the same time provide a rapid, simple and cost-effective approach. In addition, it is possible to get at least some degree of automation when using these techniques, which will enhance sample throughput. Those miniaturized sample preparation techniques may be roughly categorized in solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction, depending on the nature of the analyte. This paper reviews recently published literature on the use of microextraction sampling procedures, with a special focus on the field of forensic toxicology.
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Yin XY, Luo YM, Fu JJ, Zhong YQ, Liu QS. Determination of hyperoside and isoquercitrin in rat plasma by membrane-protected micro-solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:384-91. [PMID: 22258808 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel method, micro-solid-phase extraction based on membrane-protected molecularly imprinted polymer, was developed to extract hyperoside and isoquercitrin in rat plasma. Synthesized hyperoside MIPs were packed in a porous polyether sulfone membrane envelope to perform extraction. The parameters sorbent materials, membrane types, extraction time and desorption conditions were optimized for micro-solid-phase extraction. Under the optimal conditions, correlation coefficients, 0.998 and 0.999, were obtained for hyperoside and isoquercitrin, respectively, with the linear range between 1 and 120 μg/mL. The absolute extraction recoveries from 84.5 to 89.3% were found. The method detection limits of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were 0.24 and 0.22 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with traditional methods, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction and protein precipitation, the developed method was simple, highly efficient for extraction, environmentally friendly, and particularly suitable for complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
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Saraji M, Bidgoli AAH, Khayamian T, Moradmand A. Combination of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry with a novel reagent gas and two immiscible organic solvent liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction for analysis of clomipramine in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8600-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maślanka A, Krzek J, Żuromska B, Stolarczyk M. Identification and determination of compounds belonging to the group of OUN pharmaceutical agents by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection in biological material. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.23.2011.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Determination of imipramine and trimipramine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. Talanta 2011; 83:1376-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bio-sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:97-118. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and different analytical methods applied for the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants. These procedures are relevant tools in clinical and forensic toxicology. It is revealed that SPE, for sample preparation, and HPLC, using reversed-phase alkyl (C18) or cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns for the analytes separation, are effective and versatile methods for assay of tricyclic antidepressants. These methods enable achievable detection limits using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, down to 1–8 ng ml-1, and using electron capture detection better than 1 ng ml-1, which is lower than that for nitrogen–phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered similar sensitivity, whilst sonic spray ionization provided detection down to 0.03 ng ml-1. A brief discussion on chemical structures, metabolism and mechanism of action of this group of drugs is also presented.
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Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:29-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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