1
|
Gaida M, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Theoretical modeling and machine learning-based data processing workflows in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464467. [PMID: 37871505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) has been gradually gaining prominence as a preferred method for the analysis of complex samples due to its higher peak capacity and resolution power compared to conventional gas chromatography (GC). Nonetheless, to fully benefit from the capabilities of GC × GC, a holistic approach to method development and data processing is essential for a successful and informative analysis. Method development enables the fine-tuning of the chromatographic separation, resulting in high-quality data. While generating such data is pivotal, it does not necessarily guarantee that meaningful information will be extracted from it. To this end, the first part of this manuscript reviews the importance of theoretical modeling in achieving good optimization of the separation conditions, ultimately improving the quality of the chromatographic separation. Multiple theoretical modeling approaches are discussed, with a special focus on thermodynamic-based modeling. The second part of this review highlights the importance of establishing robust data processing workflows, with a special emphasis on the use of advanced data processing tools such as, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Three widely used ML algorithms are discussed: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Partial Least Square-Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting their role in discovery-based analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Gaida
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Candy-like heterojunction nanocomposite of WO 3/Fe 2O 3-based semiconductor gas sensor for the detection of triethylamine. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:139. [PMID: 36930336 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient gas sensor for the detection of triethylamine based on candy-like WO3/Fe2O3 nanocomposite was prepared. The control of morphology and sensing performance of n-n heterojunction WO3/Fe2O3 nanocomposites were successfully achieved by the modulation of Fe element content. When the ratio of Fe to W is 0.4, the candy-like nanocomposite of WO3/Fe2O3 with great performance is obtained. It is interesting that the candy-like nanocomposite of WO3/Fe2O3 with a large specific surface area exhibits better selectivity and sensitivity for sensing TEA gases at a lower operating temperature (260 °C) compared with the gas sensor prepared by using WO3 alone. To verify the feasibility, the sensing mechanism was investigated and real sample tests were conducted and discussed. Finally, a TEA gas sensor with low limit of detection, short response/recovery time (15/162 s), and high sensitivity was developed. In addition, the prepared gas sensor has satisfactory stability and selectivity and has practical application value.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Zhang L, Fan J, Yu J. Semiconductor Gas Sensor for Triethylamine Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104984. [PMID: 34894075 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the demanding detection of unique toxic gas, semiconductor gas sensors have attracted tremendous attention due to their intriguing features, such as, high sensitivity, online detection, portability, ease of use, and low cost. Triethylamine, a typical gas of volatile organic compounds, is an important raw material for industrial development, but it is also a hazard to human health. This review presents a concise compilation of the advances in triethylamine detection based on chemiresistive sensors. Specifically, the testing system and sensing parameters are described in detail. Besides, the sensing mechanism with characterizing tactics is analyzed. The research status based on various chemiresistive sensors is also surveyed. Finally, the conclusion and challenges, as well as some perspectives toward this area, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salo HM, Nguyen N, Alakärppä E, Klavins L, Hykkerud AL, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Klavins M, Häggman H. Authentication of berries and berry-based food products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5197-5225. [PMID: 34337851 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Berries represent one of the most important and high-valued group of modern-day health-beneficial "superfoods" whose dietary consumption has been recognized to be beneficial for human health for a long time. In addition to being delicious, berries are rich in nutrients, vitamins, and several bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and hydrolysable tannins. However, due to their high value, berries and berry-based products are often subject to fraudulent adulteration, commonly for economical gain, but also unintentionally due to misidentification of species. Deliberate adulteration often comprises the substitution of high-value berries with lower value counterparts and mislabeling of product contents. As adulteration is deceptive toward customers and presents a risk for public health, food authentication through different methods is applied as a countermeasure. Although many authentication methods have been developed in terms of fast, sensitive, reliable, and low-cost analysis and have been applied in the authentication of a myriad of food products and species, their application on berries and berry-based products is still limited. The present review provides an overview of the development and application of analytical chemistry methods, such as isotope ratio analysis, liquid and gas chromatography, spectroscopy, as well as DNA-based methods and electronic sensors, for the authentication of berries and berry-based food products. We provide an overview of the earlier use and recent advances of these methods, as well as discuss the advances and drawbacks related to their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki M Salo
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emmi Alakärppä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Linards Klavins
- The Natural Resource Research Centre, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anne Linn Hykkerud
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maris Klavins
- The Natural Resource Research Centre, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arisz PWF, Pureveen JBM, Heeren RMA. Dynamics of Molecules Observed at Crude-Oil-Gas Interfaces by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2356-2361. [PMID: 33034445 PMCID: PMC7659392 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging provides molecular speciation at the micrometer scale, while the penetration depth of the primary ion beam is limited to the top-layers of a sample. These combined properties make TOF-SIMS potentially an ideal technique to study oil-gas interfaces. TOF-SIMS spectra of three crude oils were evaluated, and only low-mass fragment ions could be assigned to molecular structures unambiguously. Films of crude oils were incubated under air, oil vapor, or water vapor for various times. TOF-SIMS images of a polar crude oil revealed feeble structures of ∼10 μm large round patches that grew to ∼30 μm large crystals when incubated under air and oil vapor, respectively. Principal component analysis of the images showed that the continuous phase had typical aromatic signatures, while the patches and crystals had alkane-like characteristics. No features showed up when the oil film was incubated under water vapor, which indicated that saturated water vapor prevented the accumulation of nonpolar alkane-like compounds at the oil-gas interface. These examples showed that crude oils do not behave as dead fluids but that their constituents accumulate at the oil-gas interfaces in a dynamic way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. W. F. Arisz
- Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J. B. M. Pureveen
- Shell
Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, 1031
HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Division of Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hecimovic A, D'Isa F, Carbone E, Drenik A, Fantz U. Quantitative gas composition analysis method for a wide pressure range up to atmospheric pressure-CO 2 plasma case study. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:113501. [PMID: 33261431 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometer with a custom sampling system comprising one fixed and one variable orifice is presented. The custom sampling system allows the determination of the gas composition in the pressure range from 5 mbar to 1000 mbar, with low gas-demixing (<1.5%). A case study of mass spectrometer optimization and calibration for the measurement of relative concentration of CO2, CO, O2, and N2 gases is presented, together with an example of the CO2 conversion at a microwave plasma torch. The absolute error of the measured conversion of CO2 in CO is found to be less than 1.6% in the complete pressure range. The conversion determination routine presented here allows us to determine relative molar flows of CO2, CO, O2, and N2 and to distinguish between CO and N2 gases, which is important for the determination of the CO2 conversion in the case of air impurities or in the case of CO2/N2 mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ante Hecimovic
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federico D'Isa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emile Carbone
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aleksander Drenik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ursel Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parallel gradients in comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography enhance utilization of the separation space and the degree of orthogonality when the separation mechanisms are correlated. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461452. [PMID: 32822990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) offers increased peak capacity, resolution and selectivity compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. It is commonly accepted that the technique produces the best results when the separation mechanisms in the two dimensions are completely orthogonal, which necessitates the use of gradient elution for each second-dimension fraction. Recently, the use of similar separation mechanisms in both dimensions has been gaining popularity, but full or shifted gradients are still used for each second dimension fraction. Herein, we argue that when the separation mechanisms are correlated in the two dimensions, the best results can be obtained with the use of parallel gradients in the second dimension, which makes the technique nearly as user-friendly as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. This has been illustrated through the separation of a mixture of 39 pharmaceutical compounds using reversed phase in both dimensions. Different selectivity in the second dimension was obtained through the use of different stationary phase chemistries and/or mobile phase organic modifiers. The best coverage of the separation space was obtained when parallel gradients were applied in both dimensions, and the same was true for practical peak capacity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaramillo R, Dorman FL. Thermodynamic modeling of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography isovolatility curves for second dimension retention indices based analyte identification. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Havlikova M, Bosakova T, Petschenka G, Cabala R, Exnerova A, Bosakova Z. Analysis of defensive secretion of a milkweed bug Lygaeus equestris by 1D GC-MS and GC×GC-MS: sex differences and host-plant effect. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3092. [PMID: 32080314 PMCID: PMC7033152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of defensive secretion produced by metathoracic scent glands was analysed in males and females of the milkweed bug Lygaeus equestris (Heteroptera) using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The bugs were raised either on cardenolide-containing Adonis vernalis or on control sunflower seeds in order to determine whether the possibility to sequester cardenolides from their host plants would affect the composition of defensive scent-gland secretion. Profiles of the composition of defensive secretions of males and females raised on sunflower were closely similar, with predominant presence of (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, decanal and 3-octen-1-ol acetate. The secretion of bugs raised on A. vernalis was more sexually dimorphic, and some chemicals e.g. (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate were dominant in males, but absent in females. Compared to bugs from sunflower, the scent-gland secretion of bugs raised on A. vernalis was characterized by lower overall intensity of the peaks obtained for detected chemicals and by absence of some chemicals that have supposedly antipredatory function ((E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-hex-2-enal, 2,4-octadienal). The results suggest that there might be a trade-off between the sequestration of defensive chemicals from host plants and their synthesis in metathoracic scent-glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Havlikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Radomir Cabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Toxicology Department, Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Exnerova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Retention time prediction of hydrocarbons in cryogenically modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: A method development and translation application. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460696. [PMID: 31892412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic modeling of GC × GC separations provides a tool for rapid method evaluation and optimization. Separations of 95 hydrocarbons on two cryogenically modulated GC × GC systems (atmospheric outlet and vacuum outlet) are modeled, displaying average second dimension retention time modeling absolute errors of 0.17 s and 0.12 s respectively, and generating modeled chromatograms which sufficiently represent experimental data. A web-based GC × GC modeling routine is presented which allows users to model separations, currently focused on hydrocarbons, with full control over all system parameters. The method translation capabilities of the application are further demonstrated by replicating Piotrowski et al.'s GC × GC-HRT temporal distribution plots of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid hydrocarbons [28].
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Adadi P, Barakova NV, Krivoshapkina EF. Scientific approaches to improving artisan methods of producing local food condiments in Ghana. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Luong J, Hua Y, Gras R, Shellie RA. Uniformity and Sensitivity Improvements in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Using Flame Ionization Detection with Post-Column Reaction. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11223-11230. [PMID: 31393704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 3D-printed microreactor for post-column reactions was successfully integrated with comprehensive two -dimensional gas chromatography. A two-stage post-column reaction provided a carbon-independent response, enhanced the flame ionization detection uniformity, and improved the detector sensitivity. These enhancements are critical to overcome challenges in analyses using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection, which aim to separate and quantify multiple components. Post-column reaction flame ionization detection eliminated the requirement of multilevel and multicompound calibration, it enabled the determination of target analytes with a single-carbon-containing calibration compound with an accuracy of ±10%, and it improved the sensitivity for compounds that were not efficiently ionized by flame ionization detection. Extra column band-broadening caused by the incorporation of the 3D-printed microreactor was minimized using optimized reactor operating parameters and intercolumn connectivity. Chromatographic fidelity was in the practical domain of comprehensive 2D gas chromatography. Typical peak widths at half-height using the described approach ranged from 165 to 235 ms for probe compounds with retention factors spanning 5 < k < 40.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Luong
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC , Highway 15 , Fort Saskatchewan , Alberta T8L 2P4 , Canada.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Yujuan Hua
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC , Highway 15 , Fort Saskatchewan , Alberta T8L 2P4 , Canada
| | - Ronda Gras
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC , Highway 15 , Fort Saskatchewan , Alberta T8L 2P4 , Canada.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Robert A Shellie
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science (CASS), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Burwood Highway , Burwood , Victoria 3125 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shashkov MV, Sidelnikov VN. Orthogonality and Quality of GC × GC Separations for Complex Samples with Ionic Liquid Stationary Phases in First Dimension. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Retention time prediction in thermally modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: Correcting second dimension retention time modeling error. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
A review on the application of chromatographic methods, coupled to chemometrics, for food authentication. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Biedermann M, Grob K. Advantages of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for comprehensive analysis of potential migrants from food contact materials. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1057:11-17. [PMID: 30832909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All substances migrating from food contact materials (FCMs), such as packagings, into food must be safe. This presupposes comprehensive analysis of all constituents potentially reaching a concentration in food that may be of toxicological concern. There is no single technique meeting this task and usually several need to be combined. In many cases, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is the best technique available to start with. It provides high resolution and an overview in well-structured plots, grouping similar substances in a manner facilitating identifications. Further, flame ionization detection (FID) enables approximate quantitation without standards, and electron impact (EI) fragmentation in mass spectrometry (MS) provides access to large libraries for identification. GC is limited in amenable molecular mass, but the characterization of the lower mass constituents is usually helpful also for the identification of higher mass ones by techniques like HPLC-MS. The scope of this paper is to advocate the use of GCxGC for comprehensive migrate analysis, based on advantages illustrated by examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurus Biedermann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich (Kantonales Labor), P.O. Box, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koni Grob
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich (Kantonales Labor), P.O. Box, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mirzaei A, Kim SS, Kim HW. Resistance-based H 2S gas sensors using metal oxide nanostructures: A review of recent advances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:314-331. [PMID: 29902726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors play an undeniable role in most fields of technology in the modern world; they are broadly used for public safety, pollution monitoring, quality control, breath analysis, smart homes and automobiles, and so on. Due to their low cost, high sensitivity, compact size, online detection, ease of use, portability, and low power consumption, metal oxide (MO) gas sensors have exceptional potential for detection of more than 150 gases. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art H2S conductometric MO gas sensors. In the first part, the H2S sensing mechanism for MOs is presented in detail. In the next part, the H2S sensing characteristics of the different MOs are presented, focusing on strategies such as metal doping, heterojunction composites, and different morphologies that are applied to enhance their sensing characteristics. In general, CuO, ZnO, and SnO2 show the highest sensitivity to H2S; therefore, most of this review is dedicated to these oxides. In the last part, some unusual and emerging MOs for H2S sensing are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaei
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giocastro B, Piparo M, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Cryogenic modulation fast GC × GC-MS using a 10 m microbore column combination: Concept, method optimization, and application. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1112-1117. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giocastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Marco Piparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Peter Q. Tranchida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche; Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ren JL, Zhang AH, Kong L, Wang XJ. Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for investigation of metabolites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22335-22350. [PMID: 35539746 PMCID: PMC9081429 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, which consists of a mass of molecules, having a variety of physical and chemical properties and existing over an extensive dynamic range in biological samples. Diverse analytical techniques are needed to achieve higher coverage of metabolites. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) in metabolomics has increased exponentially since the discovery and development of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization techniques. Significant advances have also occurred in separation-based MS techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry), as well as separation-free MS techniques (direct infusion-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry) in the past decades. This review presents a brief overview of the recent advanced MS techniques and their latest applications in metabolomics. The software/websites for MS result analyses are also reviewed. Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, supply functional information and has received extensive attention in the field of life sciences.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Ren
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ston M, Cabala R, Bierhanzl VM, Krajicek J, Bosakova Z. Improved Flow Modulator Construction for GC × GC with Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 54:1481-1488. [PMID: 27539394 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvement and testing of a flow modulator for the application in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography separations is the subject of the presented paper. This improved setup constructed from two independent capillary branches each consisting of a pressure regulator, a pressure sensor, a two-way solenoid valve and a microfluidic T-connector, allows an independent and easy settings of the pressures and flow velocities in the modulator and provides system flexibility in an operation without need of any component exchange. The estimated flow rates were 0.4 mL/min in the first column and 3.2 mL/min in the second column. This setup was compared with the commercial Zoex cryogenic modulator for the separation of 17 selected solvents at isothermal conditions. Modulator working conditions were optimized and its separation power was demonstrated on the analysis of a lavender extract under an application of two orthogonal capillary column sets (nonpolar-polar vs. polar-nonpolar) and temperature program. The results were evaluated by two commercial software packages and discussed with respect to the identification compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ston
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Cabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Toxicology Department, Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Matej Bierhanzl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krajicek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magagna F, Guglielmetti A, Liberto E, Reichenbach SE, Allegrucci E, Gobino G, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Comprehensive Chemical Fingerprinting of High-Quality Cocoa at Early Stages of Processing: Effectiveness of Combined Untargeted and Targeted Approaches for Classification and Discrimination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6329-6341. [PMID: 28682071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates chemical information of volatile fractions of high-quality cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. Malvaceae) from different origins (Mexico, Ecuador, Venezuela, Columbia, Java, Trinidad, and Sao Tomè) produced for fine chocolate. This study explores the evolution of the entire pattern of volatiles in relation to cocoa processing (raw, roasted, steamed, and ground beans). Advanced chemical fingerprinting (e.g., combined untargeted and targeted fingerprinting) with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry allows advanced pattern recognition for classification, discrimination, and sensory-quality characterization. The entire data set is analyzed for 595 reliable two-dimensional peak regions, including 130 known analytes and 13 potent odorants. Multivariate analysis with unsupervised exploration (principal component analysis) and simple supervised discrimination methods (Fisher ratios and linear regression trees) reveal informative patterns of similarities and differences and identify characteristic compounds related to sample origin and manufacturing step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Magagna
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guglielmetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0115, United States
| | | | | | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Strangl M, Fell T, Schlummer M, Maeurer A, Buettner A. Characterization of odorous contaminants in post-consumer plastic packaging waste using multidimensional gas chromatographic separation coupled with olfactometric resolution. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1500-1507. [PMID: 28133911 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population with their growing consumption of goods escalates the issue of sustainability concepts with increasing demands in recycling technologies. Recovery of post-consumer packaging waste is a major topic in this respect. However, contamination with odorous constituents currently curtails the production of recycling products that meet the high expectations of both consumers and industry. To guarantee odor-free recyclates, the main prerequisite is to characterize the molecular composition of the causative odorants in post-consumer plastic packaging waste. However, targeted characterization of odorous trace contaminants among an abundance of volatiles is a major challenge and requires specialized and high-resolution analytical approaches. For this aim, post-consumer packaging waste was characterized by sensory analysis and two-dimensional high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and olfactometry. The 33 identified odorants represent various structural classes as well as a great diversity of smell impressions with some of the compounds being identified in plastics for the first time. Substances unraveled within this study provide insights into sources of odorous contamination that will require specific attention in the future in terms of screening and prevention in recycling products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Strangl
- Emil Fischer Centre, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Tanja Fell
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Schlummer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Maeurer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Emil Fischer Centre, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Couprie C, Duval L, Moreaud M, Hénon S, Tebib M, Souchon V. BARCHAN: Blob Alignment for Robust CHromatographic ANalysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1484:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
25
|
de la Mata AP, McQueen RH, Nam SL, Harynuk JJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic profiling and chemometric interpretation of the volatile profiles of sweat in knit fabrics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1905-1913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Drzewicz P, Natkaniec-Nowak L, Czapla D. Analytical approaches for studies of fossil resins. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
27
|
Krupčík J, Gorovenko R, Špánik I, Armstrong DW, Sandra P. Enantioselective comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of lavender essential oil. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4765-4772. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Krupčík
- Institue of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; STU; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Roman Gorovenko
- Institue of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; STU; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Institue of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; STU; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas; Arlington TX USA
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography; Kennedypark 26 B-8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The influence of different sample preparation procedures on the determination of fatty acid profiles of beef subcutaneous fat, liver and muscle by gas chromatography. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
29
|
Alam MS, Harrison RM. Recent advances in the application of 2-dimensional gas chromatography with soft and hard ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry in environmental analysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3968-3977. [PMID: 30155039 PMCID: PMC6013788 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional gas chromatography has huge power for separating complex mixtures. The principles of the technique are outlined together with an overview of detection methods applicable to GC × GC column effluent with a focus on selectivity. Applications of GC × GC techniques in the analysis of petroleum-related and airborne particulate matter samples are reviewed. Mass spectrometric detection can be used alongside spectral libraries to identify eluted compounds, but in complex petroleum-related and atmospheric samples, when used conventionally at high ionisation energies, may not allow differentiation of structural isomers. Available low energy ionisation methods are reviewed and an example given of the additional structural information which can be extracted by measuring mass spectra at both low and high ionisation energies, hence greatly enhancing the selectivity of the technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Alam
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hayward T, Gras R, Luong J. Flow-modulated targeted signal enhancement for volatile organic compounds. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2284-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hayward
- Dow Chemical Canada; Analytical Technology Center; Fort Saskatchewan AB Canada
| | - Ronda Gras
- Dow Chemical Canada; Analytical Technology Center; Fort Saskatchewan AB Canada
| | - Jim Luong
- Dow Chemical Canada; Analytical Technology Center; Fort Saskatchewan AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Geiger M, Bowser MT. Effect of Fluorescent Labels on Peptide and Amino Acid Sample Dimensionality in Two Dimensional nLC × μFFE Separations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Parastar H, Mostafapour S, Azimi G. Quality assessment of gasoline using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with unfolded partial least squares: A reliable approach for the detection of gasoline adulteration. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:367-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Parastar
- Department of Chemistry; Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Potential of the reversed-inject differential flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the quantitative profiling and fingerprinting of essential oils of different complexity. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1417:79-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
34
|
Tranchida PQ, Purcaro G, Maimone M, Mondello L. Impact of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry on food analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:149-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Q. Tranchida
- “Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Chromaleonts.r.l, c/o “Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Mariarosa Maimone
- “Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleonts.r.l, c/o “Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Roma Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Q, Qin W, Li M, Shen Q, Saleh AS. Application of Chromatographic Techniques in the Detection and Identification of Constituents Formed during Food Frying: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Meiliang Li
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural Univ.; Ya'an 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Qun Shen
- Natl. Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ahmed S.M. Saleh
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut Univ.; Assiut 71526 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Franchina FA, Maimone M, Sciarrone D, Purcaro G, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Evaluation of a novel helium ionization detector within the context of (low-)flow modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Sgorbini B, Cagliero C, Boggia L, Liberto E, Reichenbach SE, Rubiolo P, Cordero C, Bicchi C. Parallel dual secondary-column-dual detection comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: a flexible and reliable analytical tool for essential oils quantitative profiling. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Lorenzo Boggia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Stephen E. Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department; University of Nebraska; 260 Avery Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0115 USA
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 9 I-10125 Torino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Blase RC, Patrick EL, Mitchell JN, Libardoni M. Analysis of cave atmospheres by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with flame ionization detection (FID). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Guo Y, Kannan K. Analytical Methods for the Measurement of Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Complex Sample Matrices. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
40
|
Pixel-Level Data Analysis Methods for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63527-3.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
41
|
Nakajima Y, Arinami Y, Yamamoto K. Selective separation of fluorinated compounds from complex organic mixtures by pyrolysis-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:231-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Kok MG, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. The role of capillary electrophoresis in metabolic profiling studies employing multiple analytical techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
43
|
Nicolotti L, Cordero C, Bressanello D, Cagliero C, Liberto E, Magagna F, Rubiolo P, Sgorbini B, Bicchi C. Parallel dual secondary column-dual detection: A further way of enhancing the informative potential of two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:264-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
44
|
Tranchida PQ, Franchina FA, Dugo P, Mondello L. Use of greatly-reduced gas flows in flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:271-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Chin ST, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography beyond simple volatiles separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8819-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
Blase RC, Llera K, Luspay-Kuti A, Libardoni M. The Importance of Detector Acquisition Rate in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.866961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Dzido TH, Łopaciuk E, Płocharz PW, Chomicki A, Zembrzycka M, Frank H. Equipment and preliminary results for orthogonal pressurized planar electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Wu X, Cai W, Shao X. Resolving overlapping GC–MS signals with a multistep screening chemometric approach for the fast determination of pesticides. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:828-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Research Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Research Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Research Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fraser K, Harrison SJ, Lane GA, Otter DE, Hemar Y, Quek SY, Rasmussen S. Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Metabolites in Tea Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:924-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.619670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
50
|
Hexana W, De Coning P, Jali S, Van der Westhuizen R, Brack B, van Houwelingen A, Nel R. Comprehensive two-dimensional GC for the analysis of low-molecular-weight oxygenates in three different matrices from a petrochemical pilot plant using a single calibration. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:566-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonga Hexana
- Analytical Science Group; Analytical Solutions Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Piet De Coning
- Analytical Science Group; Analytical Solutions Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Samuel Jali
- Analytical Science Group; Analytical Solutions Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Rina Van der Westhuizen
- Analytical Science Group; Analytical Solutions Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Bryan Brack
- Refinery Technologies Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Arjan van Houwelingen
- Refinery Technologies Department; Research & Development; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| | - Reinier Nel
- Fuels Technology; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd; Sasolburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|