1
|
Li X, Zhong Y, Li J, Lin Z, Pei Y, Dai S, Sun F. Rapid identification and determination of adulteration in medicinal Arnebiae Radix by combining near infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124437. [PMID: 38772180 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal Arnebia Radix (AR) is one of widely-used Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), usually adulterated with non-medicinal species that seriously compromise the quality of AR and affect patients' health. Detection of these adulterants is usually performed by using expensive and time-consuming analytical instruments. In this study, a rapid, non-destructive, and effective method was proposed to identify and determine the adulteration in the medicinal AR by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. 37 batches of medicinal AR samples originated from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst., 11 batches of non-medicinal AR samples including Onosma paniculatum Bur. et Franch and Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don) Johnston, and 72 batches of adulterated AR samples were characterized by NIR spectroscopy. The data driven-soft independent modeling by class analogy (DD-SIMCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were separately used to differentiate the authentic from adulterated AR samples. Then the PLS and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to predict the concentration of the adulteration in the adulterated AR samples, respectively. As a result, the classification accuracies of DD-SIMCA and PLS-DA models were 100% for the calibration set, and 96.7% vs. 100% for the prediction set. Moreover, the relative prediction deviation (RPD) values of PLS models reached 11.38 and 7.75 for quantifying two adulterants species, which were obviously superior to the SVM models. It can be concluded that the NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics is feasible to identify the authentic from adulterated AR samples and quantify the adulteration in adulterated AR samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhou Lin
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Pei
- Hebei Xinminhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei, China
| | - Shengyun Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Q, Wang Z, Aga EB, Liang X. The extraction and anti-inflammatory screening of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:282-293. [PMID: 37395553 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2227885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
"Zicao" has a long medicinal history and has a variety of pharmacological activities. As the main resource of "zicao" in Tibet, Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu (tuan hua dian zi cao), usually used for treating pneumonia in Tibet, has not been reported deeply. In order to determine the main anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, in this study, the extracts enriched in naphthoquinones and polysaccharides were optimized prepared form Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu by ultrasonic extraction, and reflux extraction, respectively, with Box-Behnken design effect surface method. And their anti-inflammatory abilities were screened on LPS induced A549 cells model, for figuring out the anti-inflammatory active ingredients from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu.The extract enriched naphthoquinone was obtained under following condition: extract with 85% ethanol in a liquid to material ratio of 1:40 g/mL at 30 °C for 30 minutes using ultrasound, leading to the extraction rate of total naphthoquinone as 0.98 ± 0.017%; the extract enriched polysaccharides was prepared as follows: extract 82 minutes at 100 °C with distilled water in a liquid to material ratio of 1:50 g/mL, with extraction rate of polysaccharide as 7.07 ± 0.02%.On the LPS-induced A549 cell model, the polysaccharide extract from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu showed better anti-inflammatory effects than the naphthoquinone extract, indicating the extract enriched in polysaccharides is the anti-inflammatory extract of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, which could serve as a potential anti-inflammatory extract in medical and food industries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Er-Bu Aga
- Medical college, Tibet University, Lasa, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kretschmer N, Durchschein C, Heubl G, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Kunert O, Bauer R. Discrimination of Zicao Samples Based on DNA Barcoding and HPTLC Fingerprints, and Identification of (22E)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one As a Marker Compound. PLANTA MEDICA 2022. [PMID: 35868331 DOI: 10.1055/a-1855-1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unambiguous identification of plant material is a prerequisite of rational phytotherapy. Misidentification can even cause serious health problems, as in the case of the Chinese medicinal herb Zicao. Commercial material labelled "Zicao" may be derived from the roots of Arnebia euchroma (ruan zicao), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (ying zicao), or Onosma paniculata (dian zicao). All of these roots contain shikonin derivatives as main bioactive constituents, but ying zicao and dian zicao contain also hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in high amounts. Therefore, the use of A. euchroma with a very low pyrrolizidine alkaloid content is desirable. Confusions of the species occur quite often, indicating an urgent need for an unambiguous identification method. Discrimination of 23 zicao samples has been achieved by analyses of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS2 and trnL-F intergenic spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Data were analyzed using Bioedit, ClustalX, Mega 11 and BLAST. Results indicate that ITS2 barcoding can accurately distinguish Arnebia euchroma from their adulterants. Subsequently, an HPTLC method has been developed allowing a chemical discrimination of the most widely used species. (22E)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one has been identified as characteristic marker compound, allowing an unambiguous discrimination of A. euchroma and L. erythrorhizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christin Durchschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Guenther Heubl
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Kunert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Shashni S, Kumar P, Pant D, Singh A, Verma RK. Phytochemical constituents, distributions and traditional usages of Arnebia euchroma: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113896. [PMID: 33524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study has indicated phytochemical composition, distribution and ethno-medicinal uses of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst, which is commonly known as "Ratanjot" in the Indian subcontinent. It has widely been used in the traditional systems of the Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese medicines recipes due to its anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties. Instead, the gap of earlier studies is well defined that will be helpful for researchers to carry out more analysis and increase medicinal importance of this plant. AIM OF STUDY The main aim of this review study is to demonstrate the phytochemical composition and traditional ethno-medicinal uses of A. euchroma all over the world. Earlier studies related to this plant have been discussed in the present study and on that basis, future perspective of A. euchroma is also proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of A. euchroma has been gathered from various electronic database, reference books and available literature. RESULTS The study has indicated that Arnebia euchroma owing to anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties is used in the traditional medicines and pharmaceutical industries for the treatment of hair problems, remitting, chronic diseases, burnt limbs, cough and cold, etc., and besides as a vegetable colorant and dyeing of cloths. The important phytochemical constituents viz., shikonin, acetyl-shikonin, iso-butyryl-shikonin, β,β-di-methylacryl-shikonin, isovaleryl-shikonin, β-hydroxy-isovaleryl-shikonin, deoxy-shikonin, isobutyl-shikonin, arnebinone, arnebin-7, stigmasterol, etc., isolated from the roots of Arnebia euchroma are used for curing various harmful diseases. CONCLUSIONS The earlier studies have confirmed that Arnebia euchroma is having wound healing, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties and thus used for the treatment of several diseases. Although, a little works is done on the experimental study regarding anti-HIV, anti-cancer diseases, etc., so there is a requirement of more exploration via analytical studies on phytochemical compounds to treat such diseases. Moreover, the information of its clinical and pharmacokinetics uses is also limited. Therefore, further research is needed to understand bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of this species. In-situ and ex-situ conservations for the management of this endangered species are also lacking in the Himalayan perspective. Such studies will emphasize to explore the possibilities for its conservation and development of agro-technological protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India; G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India.
| | - Sarla Shashni
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Raj Kumar Verma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liao M, Yan P, Liu X, Du Z, Jia S, Aybek R, Li A, Kaisa S, Jiang H. Spectrum-effect relationship for anti-tumor activity of shikonins and shikonofurans in medicinal Zicao by UHPLC-MS/MS and chemometric approaches. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Sun Q, Du B, Wang C, Xu W, Fu Z, Yan Y, Li S, Wang Z, Zhang H. Ultrasound-Assisted Ionic Liquid Solid–Liquid Extraction Coupled with Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Naphthoquinone Pigments in Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Cai D, Wang L, Yang X, Fan S, Zhang K. Rapid and sensitive determination of shikonin and its derivatives in the roots of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst using matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1467836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Defu Cai
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Xueting Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Songjie Fan
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Keyong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guan L, Luo Q, Shi J, Yu W. Application of ionic-liquid-magnetized stirring bar liquid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC for the determination of naphthoquinones in Zicao. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:868-876. [PMID: 29193775 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery; China-Japan Union Hospital; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Ultrasonography department; China-Japan Union Hospital; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- Economic and Technological Development Zone; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery; China Japan Union Hospital; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sensitive and selective voltammetric determination of anti˗cancer agent shikonin on sepiolite clay/TiO 2 nanoparticle/MWCNTs composite carbon paste sensor and investigation of its electro˗oxidation mechanism. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Katoch P, Rana S, Kumar D, Kumar S, Bhushan S. Concurrent NP-HPTLC Determination of Shikonin and β,β-Dimethylacryl Shikonin in Arnebia benthamii. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1421-7. [PMID: 27278171 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are important class of molecules found as a natural red color pigments in roots of Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don) L M. Johnston. The aim of present investigation is to develop and validates a simple, cost-effective and reliable method for quantification of these compounds. Therefore, a normal phase-high performance thin-layer chromatography (NP-HPTLC) method for concurrent determination of shikonin and β,β-dimethylacryl shikonin in A. benthamii was established. Method development of naphthoquinones in the methanol extract was done using hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol (40:7.5:2.5, v/v/v) solvent system at 520 nm. The developed method showed good band separation for shikonin (Rf, 0.37) and β,β-dimethylacryl shikonin (Rf, 0.58). The linearity ranged between 100 and 8,000 ng spot(-1) with an average recovery of >97% in both cases. The results showed reproducible intraday and interday precision (<2.0% RSD) in quantification of naphthoquinones. The limits of detection are 12.96 and 14.65 ng spot(-1) while the limits of quantification are 39.27 and 44.39 ng spot(-1) for shikonin and β,β-dimethylacryl shikonin, respectively. The developed method is reliable, fast, easy to follow and economic in concurrent assessment of shikonin and β,β-dimethylacryl shikonin in A. benthamii root samples. In addition, it seems to be first report for identification and quantification of β,β-dimethylacryl shikonin from the A. benthamii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Katoch
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India
| | - Shalika Rana
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176 061, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liao M, Li A, Chen C, Ouyang H, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Feng Y, Jiang H. Systematic identification of shikonins and shikonofurans in medicinal Zicao species using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry combined with a data mining strategy. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:158-72. [PMID: 26610615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin, shikonofuran and their derivatives are the main bioactive components of Zicao, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine prepared with the dried roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Arnebia euchroma or Arnebia guttata. However, approaches on the systematic discovery and identification of shikonins and shikonofurans, especially unknown ones, are still not available. To address this issue, the gas-phase CID-fragmentation routes for the shikonins and shikonofurans were established by using ESI-QTOF-MS in the negative ion mode and low-energy collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) in this study using seventeen standards. As a result, diagnostic product ions for rapid discovery and classification of shikonins and shikonofurans were determined. In addition, various mobile phase compositions and UHPLC elution programs were evaluated to achieve optimal separation efficiency and detection response of these types of analytes. Based on these findings, an integral approach using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and CID-MS/MS analyses together with a novel two steps data mining strategy was developed for systematic analysis of shikonins and shikonofurans in complex samples. Consequently, 58 compounds including 32 novel ones were efficiently discovered and identified from the crude extract of Zicao. Moreover, comparative analyses of the 58 chemical components in three Zicao species including Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Arnebia euchroma and Arnebia guttata samples were conducted using the established analytical method, which can be instructive for future utilization of Zicao and its related medicinal products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Aiqian Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Medical Research Center, Humanwell Healthcare (Group) Co., Ltd., 666 Gao xin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao YS, Wu LP, Zhang KX, Xu JK, Lu LM, Zhu XF, Wu Y. Electroanalytical method for determination of shikonin based on the enhancement effect of cyclodextrin functionalized carbon nanotubes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Hook I, Mills C, Sheridan H. Bioactive Naphthoquinones from Higher Plants. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
14
|
An J, Li JP, Chen WX, Yang CX, Hu FD, Wang CM. Electrochemical study and application on shikonin at poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized graphene sheets modified glass carbon electrode. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Antibacterial and COX-1 Inhibitory Effect of Medicinal Plants from the Pamir Mountains, Afghanistan. PLANTS 2012; 1:74-81. [PMID: 27137641 PMCID: PMC4844265 DOI: 10.3390/plants1020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants used to treat inflammatory ailments, pain, fever and infections in the Pamir Mountains in northeastern Afghanistan, were tested for antibacterial and COX-1 inhibitory activity. Water and ethanol extracts of 20 species were tested for antibacterial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria. The ethanol extract of Arnebia guttata inhibited Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6 µg/mL. Water and ethanol extracts of Ephedra intermedia and the ethanol extracts of Lagochilus cabulicus and Peganum harmala inhibited Staphylococcus aureus at 0.5 mg/mL, and the P. harmala extract further inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and E. coli, also with MICs of 0.5 mg/mL. Ethanol extracts of Artemisia persica (IC50: 0.5 µg/mL), Dragocephalum paulsenii (IC50: 0.5 µg/mL), Ephedra intermedia (IC50: 3.8 µg/mL), Hyoscyamus pusillus, Nepeta parmiriensis (IC50: 0.7 µg/mL) and Rumex patientia subsp. pamiricus (IC50: 3.5 µg/mL) exhibited COX-1 inhibitory activity. The observed in vitro activities support the use of some of the plant species in the traditional medicine systems of the Pamir Mountains.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghosh P, Katiyar A. Densitometric HPTLC analysis of juglone, quercetin, myricetin, rutin, caffeic acid, and gallic acid in Juglans regiaL. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042
| |
Collapse
|