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Prasanna Kumari Rayala VVS, Shantilal Shinde R, Kumar A, Radhakrishnanand P. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction of diabecon and losartan by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1245:124267. [PMID: 39126994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The diabecon is an ayurvedic herbal formulation that contains a mixture of herbs traditionally used as antidiabetic which is reported in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India and Indian Materia medica. The diabetic population has a common co-morbidity of hypertension for which losartan drug is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension. However, there is a lack of research on the pharmacokinetics interaction between diabecon and losartan. This research aims to investigate the influence of diabecon on the pharmacokinetics of losartan drugs in rats by establishing a highly sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines and was applied for the pharmacokinetic study. The lowest concentration of losartan detection in rat plasma was found to be 1 ng/mL and the accuracy and precision were within the linear range (1-1500 ng/mL). The results revealed that after 28 days of dosing diabecon, it has altered the pharmacokinetic parameters like area under the curve (AUC0-t), drug clearance (Cl/F), and rate of elimination (Ke) of losartan, which may happen due to enzyme induction. Although there was a change in the pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan when administered in the presence of diabecon, it was found to be nonsignificant in rats (p > 0.05). According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first article that discusses the pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction between diabecon and losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V S Prasanna Kumari Rayala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Rushikesh Shantilal Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Abhay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - P Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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2
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Singamsetti JM, Gandham H, Geereddy MKR, Kaliyaperumal M, Doddipalla R, Rumalla CS, Jayanti NM. Isolation and structural characterization of two novel oxidative degradation products of losartan potassium active pharmaceutical ingredient using advanced analytical techniques. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9432. [PMID: 36400748 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Losartan potassium (losartan) is the most frequently utilized antihypertensive medication in the world. However, partial oxidation of losartan produces toxic by-products that could be harmful to living organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to degrade the losartan and identify the potential toxic oxidative degradation products to minimize their formation during manufacturing, formulation, storage, and packing conditions. METHODS Oxidative degradation experiments of losartan were performed according to ICH guidelines. The degradation products were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, isolated by using preparative HPLC, and identified by using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The degradation products (DP-1, DP-2, and DP-3) were identified as (((2'-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)amino)-2-oxoethylpentanoate, 5-(4'-((2 butyl-4-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H tetrazol-1-ol, and 5-(4'-((2-butyl-4-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-1 yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-2H-tetrazol-2-ol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Forced degradation of losartan potassium API under oxidative condition indicates the formation of two major novel oxidative degradation products (DP-2 and DP-3) and one minor known degradation product (DP-1).Preparative HPLC used for the isolation of the resultant DPs and their structures were successfully established using UHPLC-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and HRMS spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jcmknn Murty Singamsetti
- Department of Discovery Analytical R&D, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Himabindhu Gandham
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | | | - Raju Doddipalla
- Department of Discovery Analytical R&D, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chidananda Swamy Rumalla
- Department of Discovery Analytical R&D, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nsrc Murty Jayanti
- Department of Discovery Analytical R&D, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, India
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Jaglińska K, Polak B, Klimek-Turek A, Fornal E, Stachniuk A, Trzpil A, Błaszczyk R, Wysokiński A. Comparison of the Determination of Some Antihypertensive Drugs in Clinical Human Plasma Samples by Solvent Front Position Extraction and Precipitation Modes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052213. [PMID: 36903457 PMCID: PMC10004659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of the selected antihypertensive drugs in human plasma samples with the novel solvent front position extraction (SFPE) technique is presented. The SFPE procedure combined with LC-MS/MS analysis was used for the first time to prepare a clinical sample containing the drugs mentioned above from different therapeutic groups. The effectiveness of our approach was compared with the precipitation method. The latter technique is usually used to prepare biological samples in routine laboratories. During the experiments, the substances of interest and the internal standard were separated from other matrix components using a prototype horizontal chamber for thin-layer chromatography/high-performance thin-layer chromatography (TLC/HPTLC) with a moving pipette powered by a 3D mechanism, which distributed the solvent on the adsorbent layer. Detection of the six antihypertensive drugs was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results obtained by SFPE were very satisfactory (linearity R2 ≥ 0.981; %RSD ≤ 6%; LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.06-9.78 ng/mL and 0.17-29.64 ng/mL, respectively). The recovery was in the range of 79.88-120.36%. Intra-day and inter-day precision had a percentage coefficient of variation (CV) in the range of 1.10-9.74%. The procedure is simple and highly effective. It includes the automation of TLC chromatogram development, which significantly reduced the number of manual operations performed, the time of sample preparation and solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Jaglińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Polak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Klimek-Turek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Stachniuk
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Trzpil
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Błaszczyk
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wysokiński
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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A Method for Assay of Losartan, Its Active Metabolite E-3174, and Glibenclamide in Human Serum and Urine by HPLC-MS/MS. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Preparation of Antihypertensive Drugs in Biological Matrix with Solvent Front Position Extraction for LC–MS/MS Analysis. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010205. [PMID: 35011437 PMCID: PMC8746826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent front position extraction procedure was used to prepare biological samples containing selected antihypertensive drugs (ramipril, lercanidipine, indapamide, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide, perindopril, and nebivolol). Substances separated from the biological matrix components (bovine serum albumin) were quantified by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation process was performed with the use of a prototype horizontal chamber with a moving pipette driven by a 3D printer mechanism enabling a controlled eluent flow velocity. Application of this device was advantageous for simultaneous preparation of several samples for further quantitative analysis, with a synchronized reduction of manual operations and solvent consumption. Quantitative results obtained for the majority of the investigated antihypertensive drugs in a complex biological matrix were satisfactory. The values of the %RSD were around 5% for six of the seven substances (with the exception of indapamide). The method exhibits a suitable accuracy (the relative error percentage was below 10% for most drugs). The values of LOD and LOQ were in the range of 1.19 µg/L–8.53 µg/L and 3.61 µg/L–25.8 µg/L, respectively.
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Attwa MW, Darwish HW, Al-Shakliah NS, Kadi AA. A Validated LC-MS/MS Assay for the Simultaneous Quantification of the FDA-Approved Anticancer Mixture (Encorafenib and Binimetinib): Metabolic Stability Estimation. Molecules 2021; 26:2717. [PMID: 34063139 PMCID: PMC8125647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent use of oral encorafenib (Braftovi, ENF) and binimetinib (Mektovi, BNB) is a combination anticancer therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for patients with BRAFV600E/V600K mutations suffering from metastatic or unresectable melanoma. Metabolism is considered one of the main pathways of drug elimination from the body (responsible for elimination of about 75% of known drugs), it is important to understand and study drug metabolic stability. Metabolically unstable compounds are not good as they required repetitive dosages during therapy, while very stable drugs may result in increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions. Metabolic stability of compounds could be examined using in vitro or in silico experiments. First, in silico metabolic vulnerability for ENF and BNB was investigated using the StarDrop WhichP450 module to confirm the lability of the drugs under study to liver metabolism. Second, we established an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of ENF and BNB applied to metabolic stability assessment. Third, in silico toxicity assessment of ENF and BNB was performed using the StarDrop DEREK module. Chromatographic separation of ENF, BNB, and avitinib (an internal standard) was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. The linear range for ENF and BNB in the human liver microsome (HLM) matrix was 5-500 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.999). The metabolic stabilities were calculated using intrinsic clearance and in vitro half-life. Furthermore, ENF and BNB did not significantly influence each other's metabolic stability or metabolic disposition when used concurrently. These results indicate that ENF and BNB will slowly bioaccumulate after multiple doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
- Students’ University Hospital, The Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
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7
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Ghanbari K, Sivandi A. Development of a Novel Nanocomposite Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Au/ZnO and Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Losartan. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016666191218161500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is a major risk for morbidity and mortality, while hypertension
is associated with cardiovascular disease and organ damage. Recent research efforts have focused
on the development of highly selective angiotensin receptor blockers. In which losartan (LOS)
is considered as a new generation of an effective oral drug product against arterial hypertension.
Therefore, the determination of drugs in biological fluids, pharmaceuticals (tablets), and wastewater
is of critical importance for clinical applications, forensics, quality control, and environmental
protection that call for the development of analytical methods. Many ranges of methods such as spectroscopic
methods and chromatographic techniques have been developed to determine LOS in pharmaceutical
formulations and biological fluids. However, there are crucial interference problems in
these methods. For these reasons, more sensitive, desirable, portable, low-cost, simple, and selective
nanocomposite-based sensors are needed in terms of health safety. Nanomaterials such as reduced
graphene oxide, chitosan, and metal nanoparticles are used to improve the sensitivity in the
development of electrochemical sensors.
Objective:
In this study, a novel reduced graphene oxide (RGO), chitosan (Chit), gold (Au), and zinc
oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite (RGO/Chitosan/Au/ZnO) was synthesized and used to develop a sensitive
and efficient electrochemical sensor for LOS detection.
Methods:
Modification of electrode by RGO/Chit/Au/ZnO nanocomposite was performed in four
stages with GO (at -2.0 V for 150 s), Chitosan (at -3.0 V for 300 s), Au nanoparticles (at -0.4 V for
400 s), and Zn nanoflowers like (at -0.7 V for 1200 s). The RGO/Chitosan/Au/ZnO nanocomposite
was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were used to detect LOS, and
the influence of pH value, scan rate, accumulation potential, and time also losartan concentration on
the performance of ZnO/Au/Chitosan/RGO/GCE were investigated. In order to investigate the selectivity
of the modified electrode for the determination of LOS, the effect of possible interfering
species was evaluated and showed that these species are not interferences. Also, the reproducibility
of the modified electrode was investigated and implying that the RGO/Chit/Au/ZnO nanocomposite
was highly reproducible.
Results:
The modified electrode was used as a sensor for the selective and sensitive determination of
LOS with a detection limit of 0.073 μM over the dynamic linear range of 0.5μM to 18.0 μM. In
addition, electrochemical oxidation of LOS was well recovered in pharmaceutical formulations.
Conclusion:
LOS is used to treat high blood pressure, taking into account the oxidation of this
compound, the use of electrochemical based sensors, ideally suited to a specific chemical species,
can be fully selectable and High-sensitivity answer is very important. In this study, the electrodes
with RGO/Chit/Au/ZnO nanocomposite were modified by the electrochemical method.
Nanocomposites were characterized by various methods such as FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, Raman, and
XPS. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode was then investigated for measuring
LOS. According to the results of the modified electrode, high sensitivity, reproducibility, and
selectivity have been shown to oxidize this composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Ghanbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993891167, Iran
| | - Ashraf Sivandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993891167, Iran
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Wadie MA, Kishk SM, Darwish KM, Mostafa SM, Elgawish MS. Simultaneous Determination of Losartan and Rosuvastatin in Rat Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Technique for Application into Pharmacokinetic and Drug–Drug Interaction Studies. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Jadhao S, Thomas A, Raje A, Nagrik S, Kothapalli L, Shaikh A. Herb-Drug Interaction of Quercetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan in Rats: A High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Study. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Jadhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Asha Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Amol Raje
- Clinical Candidate Optimization Department, Advinus Therapeutics Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Shatrughna Nagrik
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Lata Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Aaftab Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Alam MA, Abou Obaid NI, Ibrahim MA, Raish M, Al-Jenoobi FI. A Validated Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometric Method for Fast Determination of Losartan in Rabbit Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:323-330. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Ibrahim Abou Obaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abbas Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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van der Nagel BCH, Versmissen J, Bahmany S, van Gelder T, Koch BCP. High-throughput quantification of 8 antihypertensive drugs and active metabolites in human plasma using UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:367-373. [PMID: 28666228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess drug adherence of patients with hypertension, an analytical method was developed and validated using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method includes eight frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs from four classes and their active metabolites: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors enalapril and perindopril (active metabolites respectively enalaprilate and perindoprilate), angiotensin II receptor blockers losartan (with the active metabolite losartan carboxylic acid) and valsartan, calcium channel blockers amlodipine and nifedipine and diuretics hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone (with the active metabolite canrenone). METHODS The antihypertensive drugs were analyzed using a simple and fast sample preparation protocol with protein precipitation followed by chromatographic separation using a gradient elution on a reversed phase column. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted by applying both positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI+/ESI-) and selected reaction monitoring mode (MS/MS). Only 50μl of plasma sample is needed for the simultaneous quantification of all 12 compounds within 6min run-to-run analysis time. Enalapril-d5 was applied as internal standard for all compounds except hydrochlorothiazide (internal standard: Hydrochlorothiazide-13C,d2). RESULTS The method was validated according to FDA guidelines. Matrix effects were examined using the method of Matuszewski. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.995 for all compounds. Intra- and inter-day accuracies were <15% for all analytes except spironolactone (-16.8%) in the established linear range. Intra- and inter-day precision were <15% for all analytes. As a result of the lower sensitivity of hydrochlorothiazide, the lowest three calibration levels were excluded. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The described method is suitable for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs and their corresponding active metabolites. Major advantages are minimal sample volume and clean up and a short runtime. The method is now available to monitor drug adherence of patients with resistant hypertension in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soma Bahmany
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit C P Koch
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Metolazone, Losartan and Losartan Carboxylic Acid in Rat Plasma by HPLC–ESI–MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1520-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Al-Majed ARA, Assiri E, Khalil NY, Abdel-Aziz HA. Losartan: Comprehensive Profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2015; 40:159-94. [PMID: 26051686 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Losartan (Cozaar™) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. It is used in the management of hypertension and heart failure. Nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, and appearance of the drug are included in this review. The uses, applications, and the variety of synthetic pathways of this drug are outlined. Physical characteristics including: ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum with fragmentation patterns, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra of losartan together with the corresponding figures and/or tables are all produced. This profile also includes the monograph of British Pharmacopoeia, together with several reported analytical methods including: spectrophotometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, and capillary electrophoretic methods. The stability, the pharmacokinetic behavior and the pharmacology of the drug are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman A Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ebrahim Assiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Dubey R, Ghosh M. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Losartan, Losartan Carboxylic Acid, Ramipril, Ramiprilat, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rat Plasma by a Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method. Sci Pharm 2014; 83:107-24. [PMID: 26839805 PMCID: PMC4729183 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1410-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of the plasmatic concentrations of cardiovascular drugs is crucial for understanding their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A simple, sensitive, specific, and high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation and pharmacokinetic study of losartan (LOS), losartan carboxylic acid (LCA), ramipril (RAM), ramiprilate (RPT), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in rat plasma using irbesartan (IBS) and metolazone (MET) as internal standards (ISs). After solid phase extraction (SPE), analytes and ISs were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC-C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d., 2.7 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/water (85:15, v/v) containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The precursor → product ion transitions for the analytes and ISs were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and switching the electrospray ionization (ESI) mode during chromatography from positive (to detect LOS, LCA, RAM, RPT, and IBS) to negative (to detect HCZ and MET). The method was validated as per the FDA guidelines and it exhibited sufficient specificity, accuracy, and precision. The method was found to be linear in the range of 3–3000 ng/mL for LOS and LCA, 0.1–200 ng/mL for RAM and RPT, and 1–1500 ng/mL for HCZ. The described method was successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic study of analytes after oral administration of a mixture of LOS (10 mg/kg), RAM (1 mg/kg), and HCZ (2.5 mg/kg) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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15
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Muszalska I, Sobczak A, Dołhań A, Jelińska A. Analysis of Sartans: a review. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:2-28. [PMID: 24227012 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular diseases is closely related to hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes. When these risk factors appear together they are referred to as a metabolic syndrome. In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a combination of antihypertensive, hypolipemiant, and antidiabetic drugs is often applied. Diuretics (chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptors antagonist (sartans) are used to control hypertension, whereas statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to reduce cholesterol levels. This review is concerned with methods for the analysis of sartans in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations, environmental and biological samples, and discusses the current status of stability studies of sartans . It also presents analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of sartans, diuretics, and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Muszalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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17
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A simple and precise conductometric method for the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLosartan is an antihypertensive agent that lost its patent protection in 2010, and, consequently, it has been available in generic form. The latter motivated the search for a rapid and precise alternative method. Here, a simple conductometric titration in aqueous medium is described for the losartan analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The first step of the titration occurs with the protonation of losartan producing a white precipitate and resulting in a slow increase in conductivity. When the protonation stage is complete, a sharp increase in conductivity occurs which was determined to be due to the presence of excess of acid. The titrimetric method was applied to the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products and the results are comparable with values obtained using a chromatographic method recommended by the United States Pharmacopoeia. The relative standard deviation for successive measurements of a 125 mg L−1 (2.71×10−4 mol L−1) losartan solution was approximately 2%. Recovery study in tablet samples ranged between 99 and 102.4%. The procedure is fast, simple, and represents an attractive alternative for losartan quantification in routine analysis. In addition, it avoids organic solvents, minimizes the risk of exposure to the operator, and the waste treatment is easier compared to classical chromatographic methods.
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18
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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of losartan and its active metabolite on dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 902:47-54. [PMID: 22770781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid quantitative bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of losartan and its active metabolite, losartan carboxylic acid on rat dried blood spots was developed and validated as per regulatory guidelines. Losartan and its metabolite were extracted from dried blood spots using 50% aqueous methanol and separated on Waters XTerra(®) RP18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using mobile phase composed of 40% acetonitrile and 60% aqueous ammonium acetate (10mM). The eluents were monitored using ESI tandem mass spectrometric detection with negative polarity in MRM mode using ion transitions m/z 421.2→179.0, m/z 435.3→157.0 and m/z 427.3→193.0 for losartan, losartan carboxylic acid and Irbesartan (internal standard), respectively. The method was validated over the linear range of 1-200 ng/mL and 5-1000 ng/mL with lower limits of quantification of 1.0 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL for losartan and losartan carboxylic acid, respectively. Inter and intra-day precision and accuracy (Bias) were below 5.96% and between -2.8 and 1.5%, respectively. The mean recoveries of the analytes from dried blood spots were between 89% and 97%. No significant carry over and matrix effects were observed. The stability of stock solution, whole blood, dried blood spot and processed samples were tested under different conditions and the results were found to be well within the acceptable limits. Additional validation parameters such as influence of hematocrit and spot volume were also evaluated and found to be well within the acceptable limits.
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Dorado P, Machín E, de Andrés F, Naranjo MEG, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. Development of a HPLC method for the determination of losartan urinary metabolic ratio to be used for the determination of CYP2C9 hydroxylation phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 27:217-33. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2012-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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