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Aly AA, Górecki T. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with reversed phase in both dimensions: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464824. [PMID: 38522405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), and in particular comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC), offers increased peak capacity, resolution and selectivity compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. It is commonly accepted that the technique produces the best results when the separation mechanisms in the two dimensions are completely orthogonal; however, the use of similar separation mechanisms in both dimensions has been gaining popularity as it helps avoid difficulties related to mobile phase incompatibility and poor column efficiency. The remarkable advantages of using reversed phase in both dimensions (RPLC×RPLC) over other separation mechanisms made it a promising technique in the separation of complex samples. This review discusses some physical and practical considerations in method development for 2D-LC involving the use of RP in both dimensions. In addition, an extensive overview is presented of different applications that relied on RPLC×RPLC and 2D-LC with reversed phase column combinations to separate components of complex samples in different fields including food analysis, natural product analysis, environmental analysis, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A Aly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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2
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Liu D, Liu Y, Shen A, Li X, Yu L, Wang C, Liang X. Analysis of alkaloids in Gelsemium elegans Benth. Using an online heart-cutting + comprehensive RPLC×RPLC system tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 239:123069. [PMID: 34836637 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of alkaloids and new compound discovery become increasing challenging for Gelsemium elegans Benth. (G. elegans), due to the lack of an effective separation method. In this study, we developed a new online heart-cutting + comprehensive (HC) RPLC × RPLC system with pH difference, which was coupled to a mass detector to realize the separation and characterization of alkaloids from G. elegans. 18 Gelsemium standards were used to construct the RPLC × RPLC system with pH difference (pH 3 and 11), and good orthogonality (correlation coefficient 0.3) was obtained. A heart-cutting valve was introduced into the traditional online comprehensive RPLC × RPLC system to remove principal components and improve detection of minor components. The online HC RPLC × RPLC system achieved good resolving power (effective peak capacity 687) in condition of optimized practical factors, like the first- and second-dimension flow rates, modulation period and elution gradient et al. Finally, a total of 256 alkaloids were grouped and tentatively identified, among which 156 were unreported, including a new alkaloid type in G. elegans and many dimeric indole alkaloids, which was an important supplement to the study on chemical constituents of G. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Long Yu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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3
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Rigano F, Arena P, Mangraviti D, Donnarumma D, Dugo P, Donato P, Mondello L, Micalizzi G. Identification of high-value generating molecules from the wastes of tuna fishery industry by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography hyphenated techniques with automated sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1571-1580. [PMID: 33617095 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to a promising re-utilization of the massive waste derived from the tuna fishing industry, for which by-products can represent more than 50% of the original material. Due to the considerable content in polyunsaturated fatty acids and noble proteins, such wastes can be used as primary source of functional ingredients in the production of nutraceuticals. The composition of the lipid and protein tuna fractions was investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods (in wastes and edible parts), and a preliminary characterization of potential bioactive peptides was achieved. Automated sample preparation allowed speeding up the analytical workflow, while allowing for highly sensitive and selective lipid characterization. The ω3 fatty acid content was found higher in waste products compared to the muscle, in terms of fatty acids as well as complex lipids. As for peptides, extraction by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation was performed, followed by enzymatic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, the use of bioinformatics tools highlighted the presence of potential antimicrobial peptides in the samples investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Donnarumma
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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4
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Wang L, Marcus RK. Polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber column as the second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional RP × RP analysis of a mixture of intact proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2963-2979. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Zhu K, Pursch M, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Maximizing two-dimensional liquid chromatography peak capacity for the separation of complex industrial samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Montero L, Herrero M. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography approaches in Foodomics – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1083:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography × Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Red Chilli Pepper Fingerprinting by Photodiode Array, Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (SFC × RP-UHPLC-PDA-Q-ToF MS-IMS). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Jin G, Liu Y, Yang F, Yu D, Yan J, Zhou W, Guo Z, Zhu J, Liang X. Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of phenyl/tetrazole bonded stationary phase based on thiol-epoxy ring opening reaction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:856-867. [PMID: 29178357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A silica-based reversed-phase stationary phase bonding with phenyl and tetrazole groups was synthesized by thiol-epoxy ring opening reaction. The bonded groups could not only provide hydrophobic interaction, but also π-π, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and so on. The results of characterization with elemental analysis and solid-state 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy indicated the successful preparation of phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase. Chromatographic evaluation revealed that phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase behaved well under the reversed-phase mode. The column parameters (H, S*, A, B, and C) showed different selectivity compared with some typical commercial columns, and it was validated by the separation of estrogen, ginsenoside, alkaloid samples. Based on the different selectivity between phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase and C18 columns, phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase also showed potential to construct a 2D reversed-phase liquid chromatography system with C18. And it was verified by the separation of corydalis tuber and curcuma zedoary extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
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9
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of wine polyphenols and target contaminants. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography for Carotenoid Analysis in Red Mamey (Pouteria sapote) Fruit. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of therapeutic monoclonal antibody digests. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:355-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Monolithic and core–shell columns in comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:139-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Practical considerations in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems (LCxLC) with reversed-phases in both dimensions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:153-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Venkatramani CJ, Girotti J, Wigman L, Chetwyn N. Assessing stability-indicating methods for coelution by two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3214-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larry Wigman
- SMACQC, Genentech Inc; South San Francisco CA USA
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15
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Beccaria M, Sullini G, Cacciola F, Donato P, Dugo P, Mondello L. High performance characterization of triacylglycerols in milk and milk-related samples by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:172-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Dugo P, Fawzy N, Cichello F, Cacciola F, Donato P, Mondello L. Stop-flow comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection for phospholipid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Abstract
New analytical platforms have been developed in response to the need for attaining increased peak capacity for multicomponent complex analysis with higher sensitivity and characterization of the analytes, and high-throughput capabilities. This review outlines the fundamental principles of target and comprehensive 2D LC method development and encompasses applications of LC–LC and LC × LC coupled to MS in bioanalysis using a variety of online analytical procedures. It also provides a rationale for the usage of the most employed mass analyzers and ionization sources on these platforms.
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18
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He Y, Friese OV, Schlittler MR, Wang Q, Yang X, Bass LA, Jones MT. On-line coupling of size exclusion chromatography with mixed-mode liquid chromatography for comprehensive profiling of biopharmaceutical drug product. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1262:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Donato P, Cacciola F, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Mass spectrometry detection in comprehensive liquid chromatography: basic concepts, instrumental aspects, applications and trends. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:523-559. [PMID: 22383300 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The review, as can be deduced from the title, focuses on both theoretical and practical aspects of the use of mass spectrometry as a third, added dimension to a comprehensive LC (LC × LC) system, generating the most powerful analytical tool today for non-volatile analytes. The first part deals with the technical requirements for linkage of an LC × LC system to an MS one, including the choice of the mobile phase (buffer and salts), flow rate (splitting), type of ionization (interface); advantages and disadvantages of off-line and on-line methods are discussed, as well. A discussion of the various aspects of instrumentation is provided, both from a chromatographic and mass spectrometry standpoint, with particular emphasis directed to the choice of column sets, spatial resolution, mass resolving power, mass accuracy, and tandem-MS capabilities. The extent to which mass spectrometry may be of aid in unraveling column-outlet multicompound bands is highlighted, along with its effectiveness as a chromatographic detector of excellent sensitivity, universality yet with potential in terms of selectivity and amenability to quantitative analysis over a wide dynamic range. The following section of the review contains significant applications of comprehensive two-dimensional LC coupled to MS in different areas of research, with details on interfaces, column stationary phases, modulation and MS parameters. It is not the intention of the authors to provide a comprehensive description of the techniques, but merely to discuss only those aspects which are essential for successful applications of the LC-MS combination. The reader will be acquainted with the enormous potential of this hyphenated technique, and the factors and instrumental developments that have concurred to make it emerge to a central role in specialized fields, such as proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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20
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Xie F, Smith RD, Shen Y. Advanced proteomic liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:78-90. [PMID: 22840822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the predominant platform used to analyze proteomics samples consisting of large numbers of proteins and their proteolytic products (e.g., truncated polypeptides) and spanning a wide range of relative concentrations. This review provides an overview of advanced capillary liquid chromatography techniques and methodologies that greatly improve separation resolving power and proteomics analysis coverage, sensitivity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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21
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Dugo P, Beccaria M, Fawzy N, Donato P, Cacciola F, Mondello L. Mass spectrometric elucidation of triacylglycerol content of Brevoortia tyrannus (menhaden) oil using non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography under ultra high pressure conditions. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:227-36. [PMID: 22503927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed, and optimized for triacylglycerol analysis in a Brevoortia tyrannus (menhaden) oil sample. Four columns were serially coupled to tackle such a task, for a total length of 60 cm of shell-packed stationary phase, and operated under ultra high pressure conditions. As detection, positive-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to attain identification of the analyzed sample components. A number of 137 triacylglycerols containing up to 19 fatty acids, with 14-22 carbon atom alkyl chain length and 0-6 double bonds, were positively identified in the complex lipidic sample. This is the first work that reports an extensive characterization of the triacylglycerol fraction of menhaden oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Sommella E, Cacciola F, Donato P, Dugo P, Campiglia P, Mondello L. Development of an online capillary comprehensive 2D-LC system for the analysis of proteome samples. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:530-3. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Kuklenyik Z, Calafat AM, Barr JR, Pirkle JL. Design of online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) hyphenated systems for quantitative analysis of small organic compounds in biological matrices. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3606-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Donato P, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Dugo P. Comprehensive chromatographic separations in proteomics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8777-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Donato P, Cacciola F, Cichello F, Russo M, Dugo P, Mondello L. Determination of phospholipids in milk samples by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to evaporative light scattering and mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6476-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Huang Y, Gu H, Filgueira M, Carr PW. An experimental study of sampling time effects on the resolving power of on-line two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2984-94. [PMID: 21489543 PMCID: PMC3132878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The experimental effects of sampling time on the resolving power of on-line LC×LC were investigated. The first dimension gradient time ((1)t(g)) and sampling time (t(s)) were systematically varied ((1)t(g)=5, 12, 24 and 49 min; t(s)=6, 12, 21 and 40s). The resolving power of on-line LC×LC was evaluated in terms of two metrics namely the numbers of observed peaks and the effective 2D peak capacities obtained in separations of extracts of maize seeds. The maximum effective peak capacity and number of observed peaks of LC×LC were achieved at sampling times between 12 and 21s, at all first dimension gradient times. In addition, both metrics showed that the "crossover" time at which fully optimized 1DLC and LC×LC have equal resolving power varied somewhat with sampling time but is only about 5 min for sampling times of 12 and 21s. The longest crossover time was obtained when the sampling time was 6s. Furthermore, increasing the first dimension gradient time gave large improvements in the resolving power of LC×LC relative to 1DLC. Finally, comparisons of the corrected and effective 2D peak capacities as well as the number of peaks observed showed that the impact of the coverage factor is quite significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marcelo Filgueira
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Quim Analit, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
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27
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Russo M, Cacciola F, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L. Determination of flavanones in Citrus
juices by means of one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:681-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Effects of first dimension eluent composition in two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2214-21. [PMID: 21411103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) has received a great deal of attention during the past few years because of its extraordinary resolving power. The biggest advantage of this technique is that very high peak capacities can be generated in a relatively short time. Numerous approaches to maximize the peak capacity in LC×LC have been employed. In this work we investigate the impact of the first dimension mobile phase on selectivity. LC×LC has several potential advantages over one-dimensional LC (1DLC) in that unconventional solvents, at least in reversed-phase LC, can be used. For example, solvents which strongly adsorb in the UV in the first dimension are not problematic in LC×LC. This so because the UV detector is placed after the second dimensional column, as pulses of the first dimension eluent arrive at the second dimensional column, they elute well before the solutes of interest and therefore do not interfere at all with detection of solute peaks. So far, the most widely used solvents in reversed-phase 1DLC are methanol and acetonitrile. However, the "UV advantage" of 2DLC allows us to employ UV active solvents, such as acetone. We compare their differential selectivities to that of acetonitrile for the separation of 23 indole acetic acids of interest in plant biology. We also apply them to the separation of a maize seed extract, a very complex sample. In both sample sets, mobile phase composition can be an important parameter to increase the orthogonality of the two dimensions and thus, to increase the effective peak capacity of LC×LC.
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Gokce E, Andrews GL, Dean RA, Muddiman DC. Increasing proteome coverage with offline RP HPLC coupled to online RP nanoLC-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:610-4. [PMID: 21342794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation prior to mass spectrometry is an indispensable step in proteomics. In this paper we report the success of performing offline reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation on a C18 2.0 mm×150 mm column at the peptide level with microliter per minute flow rates prior to online nano-flow reversed phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS) using the well-studied fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A C18 75 μm×150 mm column was used online and the online elution gradients for each fraction were adjusted in order to obtain well resolved separation. Comparing this method directly to only performing nanoLC-MS we observed a 61.6% increase in the number of identified proteins. At a 1% false discovery rate 1028 proteins were identified using two dimensions of RPLC versus 636 proteins identified in a single nano-flow separation. The majority of proteins identified by one dimension of nano-LC were present in the proteins identified in our two dimensional strategy. Although increasing analysis time, this non-orthogonal and facile pre-fractionation method affords a more comprehensive examination of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gokce
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Mondello L, Beccaria M, Donato P, Cacciola F, Dugo G, Dugo P. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection for the analysis of triacylglycerols in Borago officinalis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:688-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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