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Yang M, Mei H, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Yu Z, Yang B. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides on a polymer sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300905. [PMID: 38143272 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides was achieved by using a polymer zwitterionic stationary phase functionalized by acrylamide-type sulfobetaine. By optimization of separation parameters including column temperature, pH, and flow rate, the column operated in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode exhibited excellent separation selectivity toward five monosaccharides and their anomers (including ribose, xylose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose) and two disaccharides (lactose and maltose). Baseline separation could be achieved at mild operation conditions such as 20-30°C of column temperature or typical mobile phase composition (85% acetrontrile-15% 20 mM ammonium formate [NH4 FA]) with wide pH tolerance range of 2-8. This offers a rapid way to determine the configuration of α or β anomer of the saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haokun Mei
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Otis J, Hofmann J, Schmidt T, Buttersack C, Gläser R. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with methanol-water eluent on a zeolite. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341323. [PMID: 37257962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) works with organic solvent-water mixtures as eluent and is based on the formation of a water enriched liquid phase on the surface of a hydrophilic stationary phase. Hydrophilic solutes are retained on that stagnant water-rich film depending on the difference of solvation compared to the mobile phase composition. However, the enhancement of selectivity by increasing the fraction of organic cosolvent is coupled with a limitation the analyte solubility, and the improvement of the HILIC principle by new hydrophilic stationary phases is the remaining option. RESULTS Y-zeolite (faujasite, FAU type) in the Na+-form with an average particle diameter of 5 μm was used as packing material in a 125 mm long HPLC column. The chromatographic response of the column was tested in methanol-water mixtures as eluent after injection of several aliphatic alcohols, polyols and monosaccharides with eluent conditions where no separation occurs on diol functionalized silica. On the zeolite the retention time increases according to ethylene glycol < glycerol < erythritol < sorbitol < inositol. The separation principle is explained to be superposed by two effects: firstly, a partition equilibrium between the water-rich phase in the zeolite micropores exists, and secondly, selective interactions with the inner crystalline pore surface and fixed-position Na+ ions, both serving to enhance the selectivity. Furthermore, arabinose and fructose monosaccharides could be separated into their tautomeric forms. Only upon increasing the temperature from 20 to 60 °C the tautomeric pattern merges into a single peak. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Instead of the stagnant water rich surface layer, zeolite micropores now take over that function. As a result, the selectivity among polyols and between α/β-arabinopyranose and β-fructopyranose/β-fructofuranose tautomers is extraordinary superior towards conventional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Otis
- University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V, Permoser Str. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- VDS Optilab Chromatographie Technik GmbH, Wiesenweg 11a, 10365, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Buttersack
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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A Compendium of the Principal Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Where Have We Arrived? SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) today is a well-known and largely applied technique to analyse polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, proteins, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. Due to the large number of stationary phases employed for HILIC applications, this review aims to help the reader in choosing a proper stationary phase, which often represents the critical point for the success of a separation. A great offer is present for achiral applications in contrast to the chiral phases developed for HILIC enantioseparations. In the last case, up-to-date solutions are presented.
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Separation of Monosaccharide Anomers on Photo-Click Cysteine-Based Stationary Phase: The α/β Interconversion Process Studied by Dynamic Hydrophilic Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the separation of reducing sugars can typically show three possible typologies of chromatographic profiles (i.e., single peak, two resolved peaks and two peaks interconnected by a plateau) due to the rate at which the relevant α/β anomers interconversion (anomerization) can take place in relation to their elution-time. By analyzing these chromatographic profiles, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of anomerization phenomenon can be extrapolated. In this work we studied the anomerization of some monosaccharides by using a recently developed photo-click cysteine-based stationary phase through dynamic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (D-HILIC) conditions. In the 5–25 °C temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers were found to achieve values within the interval 21.1/22.2 kcal/mol for glucose, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.4 kcal/mol. For xylose, in the same temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers are between 20.7 to 21.5 kcal/mol, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.2 kcal/mol. The experimental data are in agreement with those reported in literature, confirming the this new stationary phase using HILIC conditions is a robust platform to measure kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the isomerization reaction.
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Oberg C, Sorensen K, Oberg T, Young S, Domek M, Culumber M, McMahon D. Gluconate metabolism and gas production by Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis WDC04. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10586-10593. [PMID: 34304875 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis, a nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, can cause late gas production and splits and cracks in aging cheese when it metabolizes 6-carbon substrates, particularly galactose, to a 5-carbon sugar, resulting in the release of CO2. Previous studies have not explained late gas production in aging cheese when no galactose is present. Based on the genome sequence of Pa. wasatchensis WDC04, genes for potential metabolic pathways were mapped using knowledgebase predictive biology software. This metabolic modeling predicted Pa. wasatchensis WDC04 could metabolize gluconate. Gluconate contains 6 carbons, and Pa. wasatchensis WDC04 contains genes to convert it to 6-P-gluconate and then to ribulose-5-P by using 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in a decarboxylating step, producing CO2 during its metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine if sodium gluconate, often added to cheese to reduce calcium lactate crystal formation, could be metabolized by Pa. wasatchensis WDC04, resulting in gas production. Carbohydrate-restricted DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth was mixed with varying ratios of ribose, sodium gluconate, or d-galactose (total added substrate content of 1% wt/vol). Oxyrase (Oxyrase Inc.; 1.8% vol/vol) was also used to mimic the anaerobic environment of cheese aging in selected tubes. Tubes were inoculated with a 4-d culture of Pa. wasatchensis WDCO4, and results were recorded over 8 d. When inoculated into carbohydrate-restricted DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth containing only sodium gluconate as the added substrate, Pa. wasatchensis WDC04 grew, confirming gluconate utilization. Of the 10 ratios used, Pa. wasatchensis WDC04 produced gas in 6 scenarios, with the most gas production resulting from the ratio of 100% sodium gluconate with no added ribose or galactose. It was confirmed that obligately heterofermentative nonstarter lactobacilli such as Pa. wasatchensis WDC04 can utilize sodium gluconate to produce CO2 gas. Addition of sodium gluconate to cheese thus becomes another risk factor for unwanted gas production and formation of slits and cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Oberg
- Microbiology Department, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2506; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-8700
| | - Kate Sorensen
- Microbiology Department, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2506
| | - Taylor Oberg
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-8700.
| | - Serena Young
- Microbiology Department, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2506
| | - Matthew Domek
- Microbiology Department, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2506
| | - Michele Culumber
- Microbiology Department, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2506
| | - Donald McMahon
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-8700
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Crha T, Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091164. [PMID: 32846904 PMCID: PMC7555359 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.
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Fu X, Cebo M, Ikegami T, Lämmerhofer M. Separation of carbohydrate isomers and anomers on poly-N-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-methacrylamide-bonded stationary phase by hydrophilic interaction chromatography as well as determination of anomer interconversion energy barriers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460981. [PMID: 32115232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new commercially available HPLC column, poly-N-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-methacrylamide-bonded stationary phase (Daicel DCpak PTZ), was systematically evaluated for its carbohydrate isomer separation capability by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with charged aerosol detection (CAD) or (tandem) mass spectrometry. Reducing sugars tend to split into two anomer peaks which makes carbohydrate isomer separations in non-derivatized form even more complicated. For practical purposes anomer separations are therefore ideally suppressed which can be accomplished by using high temperature or high pH that are both associated with fast interconversion kinetics leading to peak coalescence, or on the other hand by conditions with low chromatographic anomer selectivity. Four major hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose), five main pentoses (ribose, ribulose, xylose, xylulose, arabinose) and five most important disaccharides (maltose, cellobiose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose) were analyzed as single carbohydrate standards by isocratic HILIC with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 2 mM ammonium acetate at various temperatures to study anomer interconversion equilibria in a pH-dependent manner. Rate constants of forward (α→β) and backward (β→α) anomerization and corresponding energy barriers were calculated. The energy barriers of anomerisation were in the range of around 83-91 kJ mol-1 at 298 K and the difference between forward (α→β) and backward reaction (β→α) was typically between 1-3 kJ mol-1. The systematic studies finally allowed to pick conditions for the simultaneous analysis of all 14 carbohydrates by HILIC-ESI-MS(/MS) with PTZ in gradient elution mode. A combination of carbohydrate isomer-selective LC (with PTZ), tandem MS (with carbohydrate group-selective MS1 and some species-specific SRM transitions) and a simple deconvolution strategy allowed the determination of all carbohydrates of the complex test mixture except for the disaccharide pair lactose and maltose (which can be determined as sum). Consequently, the proposed method represents a successful step towards a global glycometabolomics profiling method of mono- and disaccharides by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Cebo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tohru Ikegami
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Materials Synthesis, Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Fu X, Cebo M, Ikegami T, Lämmerhofer M. Retention characteristics of poly(N-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-methacrylamide)-bonded stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC method for monitoring of lactulose production with a high yield. Carbohydr Res 2019; 484:107773. [PMID: 31404813 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method suitable for rapid monitoring of lactulose production by isomerization from lactose was developed. The separation of lactose and lactulose under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode was achieved with resolution 1.5 within 5 min. Since isocratic elution was used, there is no extra time necessary for the column equilibration. Application of the method was illustrated on monitoring lactulose isomerization with catalysis of sodium hydroxide in the presence of sodium tetraborate at 70 °C (pH = 11). The conversion yield obtained for lactulose was 86%, and corresponding purity 76%. For the first time, a polyhydroxy stationary phase for separation of lactose and lactulose is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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Pazourek J. Determination of glucosamine and monitoring of its mutarotation by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4368. [PMID: 30120782 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides and their derivatives are typical polar analytes without a suitable UV-chromophore that are nowadays analyzed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) under HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) mode. Usually an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is utilized which, however, gives a nonlinear response. A procedure to overcome the problem of mutarotating (time-varying) analytes recorded with such a nonlinear response detector is described. The procedure was applied for determination of glucosamine in two commercially available pharmaceutical formulations containing the common inorganic ions that the detector gives a response to. Under optimized conditions, both the anomers of glucosamine were separated and could be determined separately. Owing to the short retention time of the analyte (a run time <4 min) and relatively slow kinetics of the anomeric conversion (equilibration time 2.5 h), mutarotation could be monitored and corresponding rate constants calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Campbell MT, Chen D, Wallbillich NJ, Glish GL. Distinguishing Biologically Relevant Hexoses by Water Adduction to the Lithium-Cationized Molecule. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10504-10510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dazhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Wallbillich
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary L. Glish
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Pazourek J, Šmejkal K. Feasibility of Fraction Collection in HPLC Systems with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector: Analysis of Pectinatella magnifica. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111495. [PMID: 27834833 PMCID: PMC6274552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a liquid chromatography (LC) splitter inserted between an HPLC column and an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is described. This paper aims to show the feasibility of using the splitter in an HPLC-ELSD system to fractionate a model mixture of analytes, namely salicin (2-(hydroxymethyl)-phenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) and glucose. The retention factors and efficiency of the separation were studied under various temperatures and water contents in the mobile phase in order to clarify the mechanism of polyols separation on a diol column under the conditions of hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC). Finally, the system was applied to a biological sample (a lyophilized colony gel of Pectinatella magnifica), where the presence of fructose and glucose was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tr. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tr. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
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Mansour FR, Zhou L, Danielson ND. Applications of Poly(Ethylene)Glycol (PEG) in Separation Science. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franc A, Sabadková D, Neumann D, Pavloková S, Kopecká P, Muselík J. Interdiction of hypoglycemia in diabetic children by multiparticulate dosage form with controlled glucose release. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:867-874. [PMID: 26334252 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients tend to evade the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes by excessive carbohydrate intake. Glucose pellets with delayed release in the time of the maximum effect of insulin can not only prevent hypoglycemia but also eliminate the preventive carbohydrate intake. The pellets can be administered in a mixture with semisolid food. The cores containing glucose in combination with osmotically active agents (croscarmellose sodium, carmellose sodium, polyethylene glycol, or carboxymethyl starch) were prepared by extrusion-spheronization and coated with 15% water ethylcellulose dispersion (Surelease® B NF) in Wurster column (Medipo, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic) into four coating levels (12.5, 25, 35, and 50%). Mean particle size is 0.63-0.73 for cores and 0.82-0.98 for coated pellets. Cores and coated pellets have excellent or good flow properties according to Hausner ratio and Carr index. Aspect ratio ranges from 1.78 to 2.17 for cores and from 1.73 to 2.31 for coated pellets. Dissolution was performed using pH-independent method and method with continual change of pH. The suitable pH-independent release was achieved in the samples containing carboxymethyl starch or polyethylene glycol. Glucose release is enabled by a membrane rupture caused by core swelling. It can be, therefore, assumed that the glucose release profile will not be affected by food or transit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Franc
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Dana Sabadková
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - David Neumann
- b Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Pavlína Kopecká
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Jan Muselík
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
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Hameister D, Illner S, Vogel C, Michalik D, Kragl U. Application and mechanism of carrier facilitated carbohydrate extraction from aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Fast separation and determination of free myo-inositol by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. Carbohydr Res 2014; 391:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Illner S, Hofmann C, Löb P, Kragl U. A Falling-Film Microreactor for Enzymatic Oxidation of Glucose. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sterling C, Crouch R, Russell DJ, Calderón AI. (1) H-NMR quantification of major saccharides in açaí raw materials: a comparison of the internal standard methodology with the absolute intensity qNMR method. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:631-637. [PMID: 23703884 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the use of internal standard methodology for qNMR is a proven and reliable form of quantification, simplified alternative approaches are needed. Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR utility software is a valuable alternative that has not yet been subjected to validation in the peer-reviewed literature. OBJECTIVE To provide validation of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method with a specific application to natural product quantification by measuring saccharide content in açaí materials. METHODS In order to validate the method, calibration test samples of ibuprofen were prepared in DMSO-d6 at nine different concentrations and measured with (1) H-NMR. A minimum of 40 spectra were collected for each sample, and the absolute intensity utility was used for quantification. The same methodology was then applied to the açaí materials, creating triplicates for each of the materials and using 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulphonic acid sodium salt in water-d2 as both the solvent and internal standard. (1) H-NMR spectra were collected, and the amounts of glucose, sucrose and fructose were determined using both the internal standard approach and the absolute intensity qNMR method. RESULTS Applying the absolute intensity utility to the ibuprofen samples demonstrated a linear response (R(2) = 0.99943). For the açaí investigations, results obtained from the absolute intensity method were comparable to those obtained from the internal standard approach, with percentage differences ranging from 0.5-6.2%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the accuracy, precision and reliability of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method. In addition, practical information is provided for assessing the saccharide contents of açaí materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Sterling
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 4306B Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Stationary and mobile phases in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 692:1-25. [PMID: 21501708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is valuable alternative to reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations of polar, weakly acidic or basic samples. In principle, this separation mode can be characterized as normal-phase chromatography on polar columns in aqueous-organic mobile phases rich in organic solvents (usually acetonitrile). Highly organic HILIC mobile phases usually enhance ionization in the electrospray ion source of a mass spectrometer, in comparison to mobile phases with higher concentrations of water generally used in reversed-phase (RP) LC separations of polar or ionic compounds, which is another reason for increasing popularity of this technique. Various columns can be used in the HILIC mode for separations of peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides, drugs, metabolites and various natural compounds: bare silica gel, silica-based amino-, amido-, cyano-, carbamate-, diol-, polyol-, zwitterionic sulfobetaine, or poly(2-sulphoethyl aspartamide) and other polar stationary phases chemically bonded on silica gel support, but also ion exchangers or zwitterionic materials showing combined HILIC-ion interaction retention mechanism. Some stationary phases are designed to enhance the mixed-mode retention character. Many polar columns show some contributions of reversed phase (hydrophobic) separation mechanism, depending on the composition of the mobile phase, which can be tuned to suit specific separation problems. Because the separation selectivity in the HILIC mode is complementary to that in reversed-phase and other modes, combinations of the HILIC, RP and other systems are attractive for two-dimensional applications. This review deals with recent advances in the development of HILIC phase separation systems with special attention to the properties of stationary phases. The effects of the mobile phase, of sample structure and of temperature on separation are addressed, too.
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Hinterwirth H, Lämmerhofer M, Preinerstorfer B, Gargano A, Reischl R, Bicker W, Trapp O, Brecker L, Lindner W. Selectivity issues in targeted metabolomics: Separation of phosphorylated carbohydrate isomers by mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction/weak anion exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3273-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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