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Zhao C, Yan S, Liu J, Xiong Z, Zhao L. Octadecylamine and serine-derived carbon dots-modified silica gel for reversed phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Merli D, Speltini A, Dondi D, Longhi D, Milanese C, Profumo A. Intermolecular interactions of substituted benzenes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted on HPLC silica microspheres and interaction study through artificial neural networks. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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3
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Wu Q, Chen L, Gao J, Dong S, Li H, Di D, Zhao L. Graphene quantum dots-functionalized C18 hydrophobic/hydrophilic stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2019; 194:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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5
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Beeram SR, Rodriguez E, Doddavenkatanna S, Li Z, Pekarek A, Peev D, Goerl K, Trovato G, Hofmann T, Hage DS. Nanomaterials as stationary phases and supports in liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2498-2512. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Allegra Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Darin Peev
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Kathryn Goerl
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Gianfranco Trovato
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Tino Hofmann
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - David S. Hage
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
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6
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Hemasa AL, Naumovski N, Maher WA, Ghanem A. Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070186. [PMID: 28718832 PMCID: PMC5535252 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique mechanical, physical, electrical and absorbability properties coupled with their nanometer dimensional scale that renders them extremely valuable for applications in many fields including nanotechnology and chromatographic separation. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview about the applications of CNTs in chiral and achiral separations of pharmaceuticals, biologics and chemicals. Chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been directly applied for the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals and biologicals by using them as stationary or pseudostationary phases in chromatographic separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC). Achiral MWCNTs have been used for achiral separations as efficient sorbent objects in solid-phase extraction techniques of biochemicals and drugs. Achiral SWCNTs have been applied in achiral separation of biological samples. Achiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been also successfully used to separate achiral mixtures of pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Collectively, functionalized CNTs have been indirectly applied in separation science by enhancing the enantioseparation of different chiral selectors whereas non-functionalized CNTs have shown efficient capabilities for chiral separations by using techniques such as encapsulation or immobilization in polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman L Hemasa
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - William A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
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7
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Intrchom W, Mitra S. Analytical sample preparation, preconcentration and chromatographic separation on carbon nanotubes. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Brammen M, Fraga-García P, Berensmeier S. Carbon nanotubes-A resin for electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1176-1183. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brammen
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; München Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; München Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; München Germany
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9
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Xu L, Li J, Zhang M. Adsorption Characteristics of a Novel Carbon-Nanotube-Based Composite Adsorbent toward Organic Pollutants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5041379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Xu
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinye Li
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Zhang M, Qiu H. Progress in stationary phases modified with carbonaceous nanomaterials for high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Wang Q, Luo ZY, Ye M, Wang YZ, Xu L, Shi ZG, Xu L. Preparation, chromatographic evaluation and application of adenosine 5'-monophosphate modified ZrO2/SiO2 stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:58-69. [PMID: 25627970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The zirconia-coated silica (ZrO2/SiO2) material was obtained by coupling layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method and sol-gel technology, to take dual advantages of the suitable porous structure of SiO2 and basic resistance of ZrO2. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP) was then self-assembled onto ZrO2/SiO2 via Lewis acid-base interaction, generating 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2. The chromatographic properties of 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2 were systemically studied by evaluating the effect of acetonitrile content, pH and buffer concentration in the mobile phase. The results demonstrated that the 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2 possessed hydrophilic interaction chromatographic (HILIC) property comprising hydrophilic, hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic and ion-exchange interactions. For basic analytes, the column efficiency of ZrO2/SiO2 and 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2 was superior to the bare ZrO2, and different selectivity was obtained after the introduction of 5'-AMP. For acidic analytes, good resolution was obtained on 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2 while the analysis failed on the bare ZrO2 column owing to strong adsorption. Hence, the proposed 5'-AMP-ZrO2/SiO2 had great potential in analyzing acidic compounds in HILIC mode. It was an extended application of ZrO2 based SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lanying Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou 438000, China
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12
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Long J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li X. An innovative approach for separation and purification of natural products using carbon nanotube–alginate gel beads as a novel stationary phase. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new packing material is studied in preparative or semi-preparative liquid chromatography with high separation efficiency and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Long
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- China
| | - Xu Li
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- China
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13
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Liu H, Guo Y, Wang X, Liang X, Liu X, Jiang S. A novel fullerene oxide functionalized silica composite as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An FO/SiO2 composite was successfully synthesized and revealed good separation for four kinds of hydrophilic compounds in HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houmei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Liu Q, Zhang X, Dong S, Zhao L. Chromatographic Evaluation of Octadecyl-Bonded SiO2/SiO2-Based Stationary Phase for Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Du Z, Liu M, Li G. Novel magnetic SPE method based on carbon nanotubes filled with cobalt ferrite for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in honey and tea. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3387-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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16
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Speltini A, Merli D, Profumo A. Analytical application of carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and nanodiamonds in nanomaterials-based chromatographic stationary phases: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 783:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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18
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KUNUGI Y, HOSHINO H, OTSUKI H, OKAMOTO K. Characteristics of Thin-Film Transistors Based on 2,8-Disubstituted Chrysene Derivatives with Polymer-Treated SiO2 Dielectric Layers. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.81.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Connolly D, He X, Floris P, Duffy E, Paull B. Nano-particle modified stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:4229-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Speltini A, Merli D, Dondi D, Milanese C, Galinetto P, Bozzetti C, Profumo A. Radiation-induced grafting of carbon nanotubes on HPLC silica microspheres: theoretical and practical aspects. Analyst 2013; 138:3778-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Herrera-Herrera AV, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Carbon nanotubes applications in separation science: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 734:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Krenkova J, Foret F, Svec F. Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1266-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley; California; USA
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23
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Du Z, Zhang S, Zhou C, Liu M, Li G. Dynamic layer-by-layer self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on quartz wool for on-line separation of lysozyme in egg white. Talanta 2012; 94:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Improving selectivity in gas chromatography by using chemically modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1157-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Liang X, Liu S, Song X, Zhu Y, Jiang S. Layer-by-layer self-assembled graphene oxide/silica microsphere composites as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2012; 137:5237-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Liu SS, Yang CX, Wang SW, Yan XP. Metal–organic frameworks for reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2012; 137:816-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Development of silica-based stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3307-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Kunugi Y, Arai T, Kobayashi N, Otsuki H, Nishinaga T, Okamoto K. Single Crystal Organic Field-effect Transistors Based on 2,8-Diphenyl and Dinaphthyl Chrysenes. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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