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Mardani A, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Mohebbi A, Nemati M, Torbati M. A three‐phase solvent extraction system combined with deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction of some organochlorine pesticides in cocoa samples prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3674-3682. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Mardani
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
- Engineering Faculty Near East University Mersin Turkey
| | - Ali Mohebbi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Tolcha T, Gemechu T, Al-Hamimi S, Megersa N, Turner C. High Density Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for the Extraction of Pesticide Residues in Onion with Multivariate Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25041012. [PMID: 32102410 PMCID: PMC7070919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of pesticides is a serious health problem due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation through the food chain. Due to the complexity of foods, the analysis of pesticides is challenging often giving large matrix effects and co-extracted compounds. To overcome this problem, a selective and “green” supercritical fluid extraction method was developed, using neat carbon dioxide as a solvent at pressures of up to 800 bars. A Box–Behnken response surface experimental design was used, with the independent variables of density (0.70−1.0 g mL−1), temperature (40−70 °C), and volume (10−40 mL) of solvent, and the dependent variable of extracted amount of pesticides. The optimum extraction condition was found at the use of 29 mL of supercritical CO2 at 0.90 g mL−1 and 53 °C (corresponding to 372 bars of pressure). It was observed that increasing the density of CO2 significantly increased the extraction recovery of endrin and 2,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane. Matrix-matched calibration curves showed satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994), and LODs ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 ng g−1. Precision was lower than 11% and recoveries between 80%–103%. Thus, the developed method could efficiently be used for trace analysis of pesticides in complex food matrices without the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (T.T.); (T.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Tura Gemechu
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (T.T.); (T.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Said Al-Hamimi
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, P. O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (T.T.); (T.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, P. O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-8125
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Borahan T, Tekin Z, Zaman BT, Chormey DS, Bakirdere S. An analytical strategy for propoxur determination in raisin samples with matrix matching method after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Havlikova M, Cabala R, Pacakova V, Bosakova Z. Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques-Part 2: Membrane-supported and homogenous phase based techniques. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:303-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Havlikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Cabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Toxicology Department; Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vera Pacakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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March JG, Cerdà V. A novel procedure for phase separation in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase. Talanta 2016; 156-157:204-208. [PMID: 27260454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an alternative for handling the organic phase after a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using organic solvents lighter than water is presented. It is based on solidification (at -18°C) of the aqueous phase obtained after centrifugation, and the decantation, collection and analysis of the liquid organic layer. The extraction of nicotine in toluene, and its determination in eggplant samples was conducted as a proof of concept. The study has been carried out using standards prepared in water and the formation of the dispersion was assisted by sonication. The organic extract was analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Satisfactory analytical figures of merit as: limit of detection (0.4µgL(-1), 2ngg(-1) wet sample), limit of quantification (1.2µgL(-1), 6.5ngg(-1) wet sample), within-day precision (RSD=7%), and linearity interval (up to 384µgL(-1) nicotine) were achieved. It constituted a contribution to the handling of organic extracts after microextraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G March
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - V Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Xue X, Zhao Z, Li Q, Wang D, Xu X, Zhu L, Yang D. Determination of Flavonoids by Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Liquid-Phase Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1149859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bolzan CM, Caldas SS, Soares BM, Primel EG. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Preconcentration of Multiple Classes of Pesticides in Water. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1048351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chu SP, Tseng WC, Kong PH, Huang CK, Chen JH, Chen PS, Huang SD. Up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of fungicides in wine. Food Chem 2015; 185:377-82. [PMID: 25952882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDSA-DLLME) method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of fungicides (cyprodinil, procymidone, fludioxonil, flusilazole, benalaxyl, and tebuconazole) in wine. The developed method requires 11 μL of 1-octanol without the need for dispersive solvents. The total extraction time was approximately 3 min. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of the method was 0.05-100 μg L(-1) for all fungicides and the limit of detection was 0.007-0.025 μg L(-1). The absolute and relative recoveries were 31-83% and 83-107% for white wine, respectively, and 32-85% and 83-108% for red wine, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.5-7.5% and 0.7-6.1%, respectively. Our developed method had good sensitivity and high extraction efficiency. UDSA-DLLME is a desirable method in terms of performance and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ping Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsin Kong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Shan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Jiang R, Ouyang G. Fast Analytical Techniques Based on Microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Tseng WC, Chu SP, Kong PH, Huang CK, Chen JH, Chen PS, Huang SD. Water with low concentration of surfactant in dispersed solvent-assisted emulsion dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of fungicides in wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9059-9065. [PMID: 25152072 DOI: 10.1021/jf5036096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction assisted by an emulsion with low concentration of a surfactant in water and dispersed solvent coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was developed for the analysis of the fungicides cyprodinil, procymidone, fludioxonil, flusilazole, benalaxyl, and tebuconazole in wine. A microsyringe was used to withdraw and discharge a mixture of extraction solvent and 240 μL of an aqueous solution of Triton X-100 (the dispersed agent) four times within 10 s to form a cloudy emulsion in the syringe. This emulsion was then injected into a 5 mL wine sample spiked with all of the above fungicides. The total extraction time was approximately 0.5 min. Under optimum conditions using 1-octanol (12 μL) as extraction solvent, the linear range of the method in analysis of all six fungicides was 0.05-100 μg L(-1), and the limit of detection ranged from 0.013 to 0.155 μg L(-1). The absolute recoveries (n = 3) and relative recoveries (n = 3) were 30-83 and 81-108% for white wine at 0.5, 5, and 5 μg L(-1), and 30-92 and 81-110% for red wine, respectively. The intraday (n = 7) and interday (n = 6) relative standard deviations ranged from 4.4 to 8.8% and from 4.3 to 11.2% at 0.5 μg L(-1), respectively. The method achieved high enrichment factors. It is an alternative sample preparation technique with good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Sung YH, Liu CH, Leong MI, Huang SD. Determination of Alkylphenols in Water by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solid Formation without a Disperser. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.921824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Leong MI, Fuh MR, Huang SD. Beyond dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen PS, Haung WY, Huang SD. Analysis of triazine herbicides using an up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:116-23. [PMID: 24631820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, a few hundred microliters to a few milliliters of water-miscible dispersive solvent are commonly used to assist emulsification in aqueous samples. In the present study, a consistent and automatic up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDSA-DLLME) that does not require a dispersive solvent was developed. The enrichment factors (EFs) of the targets obtained using the automatic shaker were 361-1391 for UDSA-DLLME, 51-77 for ultrasonication, and 298-922 for vortexing. The linearity of the method was in the range 0.2-200μgL(-1), and its limit of detections was within 0.02-0.04μgL(-1). The intraday and interday relative standard deviations ranged from 5.7 to 10.0% and 5.5 to 10.3%, respectively. The relative recoveries of river and lake samples spiked with 2.0μgL(-1) of triazines were 94.2-102.2% and 98.5-104.1%, respectively. The technique provided high repeatability and recovery. No matrix interference from river and lake water was observed. The method also achieved high EFs compared with those obtained through other emulsification methods such as vortexing and ultrasonication. UDSA-DLLME is an alternative sample preparation technique with good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Shan Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Yun Haung
- Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Andruch V, Burdel M, Kocúrová L, Šandrejová J, Balogh IS. Application of ultrasonic irradiation and vortex agitation in solvent microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Water with low concentration of surfactant in dispersed solvent-assisted emulsion dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yan H, Wang H. Recent development and applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with programmed temperature vaporization-large volume injection-gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for multiclass pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chang WY, Wang CY, Jan JL, Lo YS, Wu CH. Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with derivatization for the fluorometric determination of aliphatic amines. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1248:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kocúrová L, Balogh IS, Šandrejová J, Andruch V. Recent advances in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using organic solvents lighter than water. A review. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mudiam MKR, Jain R, Maurya SK, Khan HA, Bandyopadhyay S, Murthy R. Low density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with gas chromatography–electron capture detection for the determination of cypermethrin in tissues and blood of cypermethrin treated rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 895-896:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wei SY, Leong MI, Li Y, Huang SD. Development of liquid phase microextraction based on manual shaking and ultrasound-assisted emulsification method for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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