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An eco-friendly analytical methodology based on digital images for quality control of commercial Mikania glomerata syrups. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira Feitosa LG, Monge M, Lopes NP, Rodrigues de Oliveira DC. Distribution of flavonoids and other phenolics in Mikania species (Compositae) of Brazil. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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de Souza Araújo C, de Oliveira AP, da Conceição Santos AD, Guimarães AL, Dos Santos Silva ND, Queiroz MAÁ, da Cruz Araújo EC, da Silva Almeida JRG. Total content of kaurene diterpenes in Annona vepretorum stems via 1 H qNMR: A method for speeding the identification of bioactive extracts. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:83-88. [PMID: 30160074 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kaurene diterpenes (KDs) constitute a chemical class often found in the genus Annona with interesting biological activities. To date, chromatographic tools have been mostly used to determine KDs. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) has distinguished itself in quantitative estimation of natural products and is an interesting choice to assess total KD contents. OBJECTIVE To establish a 1 H qNMR method for determining the total KD contents in extracts and fractions obtained from Annona vepretorum stems. METHODOLOGY Stems were extracted with hexane and methanol, resulting in the hexane extract (HEX-E) and the methanol extract (MeOH-E). The former was partitioned with the acid-base method to obtain the total alkaloid fraction (TA-F) and the neutral dichloromethane fraction (NDM-F). 1 H qNMR measurements were performed on 400 MHz with samples solubilized in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide. Quantification was carried out using the signals at 4.71 and 4.78 ppm related to hydrogens of the exocyclic double bond of the basic skeleton of KDs and gallic acid as the standard reference. The selectivity, intra- and inter-day precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness of the methodology were evaluated. RESULTS Using the newly developed method, the total KD contents (in μg/mg) were 653.80 ± 12.15 (HEX-E), 458.90 ± 25.94 (NDM-F), 375.60 ± 27.52 (TA-F), and 315.10 ± 19.20 (MeOH-E). For determining the most promising bioactive sample, the KD contents and the sample discriminations obtained by principal component analysis were correlated to the antibacterial activity. Such approach pointed out HEX-E as a potential source of KDs. CONCLUSION The developed method offers a fast and simple way of determining total KD contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Souza Araújo
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
- Federal University of the San Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Jiang X, Shen Y, Wang H, Wang C, Ye X, Xiang Z. Determination of kaurenoic acid in rat plasma using UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:27-31. [PMID: 30339948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Kaurenoic acid (KA), a kaurane diterpene found in several medicinal plants, is an active ingredient with potential anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. In this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was firstly developed and validated to quantify kaurenoic acid in rat plasma. Rhein was chosen as the internal standard (IS) and the plasma was processed with one-step acetonitrile protein precipitation; the chromatographic separation was achieved on a HSS T3 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid via gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the negative ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Kaurenoic acid and IS were quantified using the transitions of m/z 301.2→301.2 (pseudo MRM) and m/z 283.2 → 238.9, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5∼ 100 ng/mL (R2 = 0.990). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL. The intra- and inter- day precision (RSD) ranged from 3.0% to 11.4%. The matrix effect and extraction recovery were within acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of kaurenoic acid in rats after oral administration at three dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yiting Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Abstract
With the growth of age, the amount of estrogens produced by the human body will get less and less. Studies have shown that estrogen deficiency may cause many kinds of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and syndrome of menopause. Estrogens are also distributed extensively in numerous types of plants. Since there is a trace amount of natural estrogen in plants, our body can achieve continuous phytoestrogen supplementation while our health will not be influenced or damaged by the absorbed phytoestrogens in diets. After being absorbed, the phytoestrogens in diets may be converted by intestinal microflora to different metabolites with higher estrogenic activity. This review summarizes the types and distributions of phytoestrogens in diets, their metabolism, metabolites and bioactivities, with an aim to provide some guidelines for further study and utilization of microbial biotransforming metabolites of phytoestrogens.
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Miyazaki S, Kimura H, Natsume M, Asami T, Hayashi KI, Kawaide H, Nakajima M. Analysis of ent-kaurenoic acid by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:103-107. [PMID: 29124150 PMCID: PMC5668645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ent-Kaurenoic acid (KA) is a key intermediate connected to a phytohormone gibberellin. To date, the general procedure for quantifying KA is by using traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In contrast, gibberellins, which are more hydrophilic than KA, can be easily quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In this study, we have established a new method to quantify KA by LC–MS/MS by taking advantage of a key feature of KA, namely the lack of fragmentation that occurs in MS/MS when electrospray ionization (ESI) is in the negative mode. Q1 and Q3 were adopted as identical channels for the multiple reaction monitoring of KA. The method was validated by comparing with the results obtained by selected ion monitoring in GC–MS. This new method could be applicable for the quantification of other hydrophobic compounds. ent-Kaurenoic acid (KA) can be quantified by LC–MS/MS. Detection limit of KA acid was 0.59 ng ml−1. We set Q1 and Q3 to the same MRM channel. Endogenous KA in a moss was detected and quantified.
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Key Words
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- GA, gibberellin
- GC, gas chromatography
- Gibberellin
- KA, ent-kaurenoic acid
- KAO, ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase
- KO, ent-kaurene oxidase
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LC–MS/MS
- LOD, limit of detection
- LOQ, limit of quantitation
- MRM
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- Moss
- Phytoalexin
- SIM, selected ion monitoring
- ent-Kaurenoic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Honoka Kimura
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masahiro Natsume
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Gasparetto JC, Peccinini RG, de Francisco TMG, Cerqueira LB, Campos FR, Pontarolo R. A kinetic study of the main guaco metabolites using syrup formulation and the identification of an alternative route of coumarin metabolism in humans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118922. [PMID: 25757073 PMCID: PMC4355590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades guaco species have been empirically used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, studies have shown that the toxic and therapeutic effects of the main guaco metabolites are dose-dependent, and none clinical study was done to evaluate the behavior of these substances in humans. In this work, a pilot study measuring the kinetic profile of the main guaco metabolites was performed leading to the knowledge of an alternative route of coumarin metabolism in humans. Initial screenings demonstrated that the administration of 60 mL of guaco syrup (single dose) did not provide sufficient levels of coumarin (COU), 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HCOU), o-coumaric acid (OCA) and kaurenoic acid (KAU). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by orally administering 60 mL of guaco syrup spiked with 1500 mg of COU. The kinetic study demonstrated that the plasmatic levels of 7-HCOU (considered the main metabolite of COU) were 10 times lower than the levels of COU, and the kinetic profile of 7-HCOU suggests sequential metabolism in the liver with low access of 7-HCOU to the systemic circulation. The study also demonstrated that OCA is one of the main bioavailable metabolites of COU. Therefore, the hydrolysis of the lactone ring forming a carboxylated compound is one of the possible routes of COU metabolism in humans. The half-lives of COU, 7-HCOU and OCA were approximately 4.0, 1.0 and 3.0 h, respectively and there was evidence that the recommended dosage of guaco syrup did not provide sufficient levels of COU, 7-HCOU or OCA to obtain a bronchodilation effect. Clinical studies are necessary to prove the efficacy and safety of products based on guaco.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosângela Gonçalves Peccinini
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Natural cinnamic acids, synthetic derivatives and hybrids with antimicrobial activity. Molecules 2014; 19:19292-349. [PMID: 25429559 PMCID: PMC6271800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial natural preparations involving cinnamon, storax and propolis have been long used topically for treating infections. Cinnamic acids and related molecules are partly responsible for the therapeutic effects observed in these preparations. Most of the cinnamic acids, their esters, amides, aldehydes and alcohols, show significant growth inhibition against one or several bacterial and fungal species. Of particular interest is the potent antitubercular activity observed for some of these cinnamic derivatives, which may be amenable as future drugs for treating tuberculosis. This review intends to summarize the literature data on the antimicrobial activity of the natural cinnamic acids and related derivatives. In addition, selected hybrids between cinnamic acids and biologically active scaffolds with antimicrobial activity were also included. A comprehensive literature search was performed collating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each cinnamic acid or derivative against the reported microorganisms. The MIC data allows the relative comparison between series of molecules and the derivation of structure-activity relationships.
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Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Zennaro P, Rossi S, Kehrwald NM, Gabrieli J, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Molecular markers of biomass burning in arctic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8565-8574. [PMID: 23808421 DOI: 10.1021/es400125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is one of the most important sources of organic matter in the atmosphere as it affects the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, creates cloud condensation nuclei and possibly influences ice and snow albedo. Here we created and validated an analytical method using HPLC/(-)-ESI-MS/MS to determine phenolic compounds (PCLCs): vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, homovanillic acid, syringic acid, syringaldehyde, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and coniferyl aldehyde at trace levels in particulate matter. We analyzed eighteen high-volume air samples from Ny Ålesund (Svalbard) collected during the boreal spring and summer of 2010. Biomass burning molecules including PCLCs (<0.49 μm, mean atmospheric concentration 6 pg m(-3)), levoglucosan (0.004 to 0.682 ng m(-3)) and acrylamide (32 fg m(-3) to 166 fg m(-3)) were present in the sampled aerosols. Levoglucosan concentrations, an unambiguous cellulose combustion tracer, derived from 2010 Russian fires. PCLCs levels in the Ny Alesund atmosphere in different size fractions reflected both long-range transport linked to biomass burning and a terrigenous local source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR , Venice, 30123 Italy.
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