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Scalabrin E, Barbaro E, Pizzini S, Radaelli M, Feltracco M, Piazza R, Gambaro A, Capodaglio G. Australian Black summer smoke signal on Antarctic aerosol collected between New Zealand and the Ross sea. Chemosphere 2024; 357:142073. [PMID: 38641289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Open biomass burning (BB) events are a well-known primary aerosol source, resulting in the emission of significant amount of gaseous and particulate matter and affecting Earth's radiation budget. The 2019-2020 summer, known as "Australian Black Summer", showed exceptional duration and intensity of seasonal wildfires, triggered by high temperatures and severe droughts. Since increasing megafires are predicted due to expected climate changes, it is critical to study the impact of BB aerosol on a large scale and evaluate related transport processes. In this study, five aerosol samples (total suspended particles with a diameter >1 μm) were collected during the XXXV Italian Expedition in Antarctica on board of the R/V Laura Bassi from 6th of January to February 16, 2020, along the sailing route from Lyttelton harbor (New Zealand) to Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica). Levoglucosan and its isomers have been analyzed as markers of BB, together with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sucrose and alcohol sugars. Ionic species and carboxylic acids have been analyzed to support the identification of aerosol sources and its aging. Results showed high levoglucosan concentrations (325-1266 pg m-3) during the campaign, suggesting the widespread presence of smoke in the region, because of huge wildfire releases. Backward trajectories indicated the presence of long-range atmospheric transport from South America, probably carrying wildfires plume, in agreement with literature. Regional sources have been suggested for PAHs, particularly for 3-4 rings' compounds; monosaccharides, sucrose, arabitol, and mannitol were related to marine and biogenic contributions. In a warming climate scenario, more frequent and extensive wildfire episodes are expected in Australia, potentially altering albedo, aerosol radiative properties, and cloud interactions. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthens the investigations on the regional climatic effects of these events in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scalabrin
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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2
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Pizzini S, Giubilato E, Morabito E, Barbaro E, Bonetto A, Calgaro L, Feltracco M, Semenzin E, Vecchiato M, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Marcomini A. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Environ Res 2024; 249:118401. [PMID: 38331156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the contamination of water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon by twenty Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): three hormones, six pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac and five antibiotics, three of which are macrolides), nine pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, metaflumizone, triallate, and five neonicotinoids), one antioxidant (BHT), and one UV filter (EHMC). Water and sediment samples were collected in seven sites in four seasons, with the aim of investigating the occurrence, distribution, and possible emission sources of the selected CECs in the studied transitional environment. The most frequently detected contaminants in water were neonicotinoid insecticides (with a frequency of quantification of single contaminants ranging from 73% to 92%), and EHMC (detected in the 77% of samples), followed by BHT (42%), diclofenac (39%), and clarithromycin (35%). In sediment the highest quantification frequencies were those of BHT (54%), estrogens (ranging from 35% to 65%), and azithromycin (46%). Although this baseline study does not highlight seasonal or spatial trends, results suggested that two of the major emission sources of CECs in the Venice Lagoon could be tributary rivers from its drainage basin and treated wastewater, due to the limited removal rates of some CECs in WWTPs. These preliminary results call for further investigations to better map priority emission sources and improve the understanding of CECs environmental behavior, with the final aim of drawing up a site-specific Watch List of CECs for the Venice Lagoon and support the design of more comprehensive monitoring plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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3
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Rosso B, Scoto F, Hallanger IG, Larose C, Gallet JC, Spolaor A, Bravo B, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Corami F. Characteristics and quantification of small microplastics (<100 µm) in seasonal svalbard snow on glaciers and lands. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133723. [PMID: 38359761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Small microplastics (SMPs < 100 µm) can easily be transported over long distances far from their sources through the atmospheric pathways and reach even remote regions, including the Arctic. However, these sizes of MPs are mostly overlooked due to different analytical challenges; besides, their pathways through atmospheric depositions, such as snow depositions, are mostly unknown. The spatial variability in bulk snow samples was investigated for the first time in distinct sites (e.g., glaciers) near Ny Ålesund, the world-known northernmost permanent research settlement in the Svalbard Islands, to better comprehend the presence of SMP pollution in snow. Seasonal snow deposited over the tundra and the summits of different glaciers were also sampled. A sampling procedure was designed to obtain representative samples while minimizing plastic contamination, thanks to rigorous quality assurance and quality control protocol. SMPs' weight (µg SMP L-1) and deposition load (mg SMPs m-2) result from being lower in the remote glaciers, where they may be subject to long-range transport. The SMPs' minimum length was 20 µm, with the majority less than 100 µm. Regarding their size distribution, there was an increase in the size length deriving from the local input of the human presence near the scientific settlement. The presence of some polymers might be site-specific in relation to the pathways that affect their distribution at the sites studied. Also, from the snow surface layer collected at the same sites to evaluate the variability of SMPs during specific atmospheric deposition events, the results confirmed their higher weight and load in surface snow near the scientific settlement compared to the glaciers. The results will enhance the limited knowledge of the SMPs in polar atmospheric compartments and deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, CNR-ISAC, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | | | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4, 20090 Rodano, MI, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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4
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Corona J, Tondini S, Gallichi Nottiani D, Scilla R, Gambaro A, Pasut W, Babich F, Lollini R. Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX): A Portable Device Embedding Low-Cost Sensors Tailored for Comprehensive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2176. [PMID: 38610386 PMCID: PMC11014031 DOI: 10.3390/s24072176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The continuous monitoring of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) plays a crucial role in improving our understanding of the prominent parameters affecting building users' health and perception of their environment. In field studies, indoor environment monitoring often does not go beyond the assessment of air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration, lacking consideration of other important parameters due to budget constraints and the complexity of multi-dimensional signal analyses. In this paper, we introduce the Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX) system, which was designed for the simultaneous monitoring of quantities of some of the main IEQs with a low level of uncertainty and an affordable cost. Up to 15 parameters can be acquired at a time. The system embeds only low-cost sensors (LCSs) within a compact case, enabling vast-scale monitoring campaigns in residential and office buildings. The results of our laboratory and field tests show that most of the selected LCSs can match the accuracy required for indoor campaigns. A lightweight data processing algorithm has been used for the benchmark. Our intent is to estimate the correlation achievable between the detected quantities and reference measurements when a linear correction is applied. Such an approach allows for a preliminary assessment of which LCSs are the most suitable for a cost-effective IEQ monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Corona
- Institute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tondini
- Center for Sensing Solutions, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (R.S.)
- Photonics Integration, Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Duccio Gallichi Nottiani
- Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics Department, University Ca’ Foscari, 30172 Venezia, Italy (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scilla
- Center for Sensing Solutions, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (R.S.)
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics Department, University Ca’ Foscari, 30172 Venezia, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Wilmer Pasut
- Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics Department, University Ca’ Foscari, 30172 Venezia, Italy (A.G.)
- College of Engineering, University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Babich
- Institute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Roberto Lollini
- Institute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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5
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D'Amico M, Kallenborn R, Scoto F, Gambaro A, Gallet JC, Spolaor A, Vecchiato M. Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern in north-western Spitsbergen snow: Distribution and sources. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168401. [PMID: 37939944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products contain chemicals that are considered of emerging concern in the Arctic. In this study, a selected group of personal care products was investigated in the snowpack on north-western Spitsbergen. We report a preliminary study on the spatial and seasonal distribution of 13 ingredients commonly found in personal care products, including fragrance materials, UV filters, BHT and BPA. Possible sources and deposition processes are discussed. Experimental analyses utilizing GC-MS/MS, were complemented with outputs from the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. The results reveal the presence of all selected compounds in the snow, both in proximity to and distant from the research village of Ny-Ålesund. For some of these chemicals this is the first time their presence is reported in snow in Svalbard. These chemicals show different partitioning behaviours between the particulate and dissolved phases, affecting their transport and deposition processes. Additionally, concentrations of certain compounds vary across different altitudes. It is observed the relevance of long-range atmospheric transport during winter at most sites, and, regardless of the proximity to human settlements, snow concentrations can be influenced by long-distance sources. This study highlights the need for detailed information on CEACs' physical-chemical properties, considering their potential impact on fresh and marine waters during the snowmelt under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology (AT), University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), 9176 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Spolaor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
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6
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Vecchiato M, Barbante C, Barbaro E, Burgay F, Cairns WR, Callegaro A, Cappelletti D, Dallo F, D'Amico M, Feltracco M, Gallet JC, Gambaro A, Larose C, Maffezzoli N, Mazzola M, Sartorato I, Scoto F, Turetta C, Vardè M, Xie Z, Spolaor A. The seasonal change of PAHs in Svalbard surface snow. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122864. [PMID: 37925006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is threatened by contamination deriving from both long-range pollution and local human activities. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental tracers of emission, transport and deposition processes. A first campaign has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, from October 2018 to May 2019, monitoring weekly concentrations of PAHs in Arctic surface snow. The trend of the 16 high priority PAH compounds showed that long-range inputs occurred mainly in the winter, with concentrations ranging from 0.8 ng L-1 to 37 ng L-1. In contrast to this, the most abundant analyte retene, showed an opposite seasonal trend with highest values in autumn and late spring (up to 97 ng L-1), while in winter this compound remained below 3 ng L-1. This is most likely due to local contributions from outcropping coal deposits and stockpiles. Our results show a general agreement with the atmospheric signal, although significant skews can be attributed to post-depositional processes, wind erosion, melting episodes and redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - François Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (LUC), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Warren Rl Cairns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Marianna D'Amico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully, Cedex, France
| | - Niccolò Maffezzoli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzola
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Ivan Sartorato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Campus Ecotekne, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Vardè
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
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7
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Mazzi G, Feltracco M, Altavilla L, Alterio A, Barbaro E, Bortolini M, Malavasi S, Gambaro A. Cortisol, cortisone and DHEAS in epidermis and scales of fish Aphanius fasciatus: HPLC-MS/MS measurement of stress indicators as proxies for natural and human-induced factors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166900. [PMID: 37683865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish health can be affected by a multitude of stressors. Acute and chronic stress assessment via specific hormones monitoring has become a trending research topic. Common investigated matrices are blood and plasma, but recently less invasive substrates have been identified. As chemical composition of skin mucus/epidermis has been demonstrated to link with acute stress, and of scales with chronic stress in fish, the aim of the study was firstly to improve the determination of three stress hormones, namely cortisol (COL), cortisone (CON), and dehydroepiandrosterone-3-sulfate (DHEAS), in skin mucus/epidermis and scales of Aphanius fasciatus. Secondly, an evaluation of the impact of different environments on hormones concentrations was carried out. A liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) and a preanalytical procedure were validated to determine COL, CON and DHEAS. This methodology was applied to compare a pull of field-collected fish with a pull of fish housed in the laboratory for one year. Our results highlighted a significant presence of cortisol and cortisone in epidermis of the latter pull (averagely 0.10 and 0.14 ng mg-1, respectively), while in the first pull both hormones were much less concentrated (averagely 0.006 and 0.008 ng mg-1, respectively). Scales of both pulls showed presence of hormones, with a higher concentration for fish housed in the laboratory, although a relevant difference in concentration was found only for cortisone. DHEAS was always below the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mazzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Luca Altavilla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Agata Alterio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Mara Bortolini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Stefano Malavasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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8
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Spagnesi A, Barbaro E, Feltracco M, De Blasi F, Zannoni D, Dreossi G, Petteni A, Notø H, Lodi R, Gabrieli J, Holzinger R, Gambaro A, Barbante C. An upgraded CFA - FLC - MS/MS system for the semi-continuous detection of levoglucosan in ice cores. Talanta 2023; 265:124799. [PMID: 37327665 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system coupled with Fast Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) has been recently developed for determining organic markers in ice cores. In this work we present an upgrade of this innovative technique, optimized for the detection of levoglucosan in ice cores, a crucial tracer for reconstructing past fires. The upgrade involved a specific optimization of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters, allowing for a higher sampling resolution (down to 1 cm) and the simultaneous collection of discrete samples, for off-line analysis of water stable isotopes and additional chemical markers. The robustness and repeatability of the method has been tested by the analysis of multiple sticks of ice cut from the same shallow alpine ice core, and running the system for several hours on different days. The results show similar and comparable trends between the ice sticks. With this upgraded system, a higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) was achieved compared to discrete analysis of alpine samples for levoglucosan measurements. The new LOD was as low as 66 ng L-1, a net improvement over the previous LOD of 600 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Spagnesi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Daniele Zannoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Giuliano Dreossi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Agnese Petteni
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Hanne Notø
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachele Lodi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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9
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Rosso B, Bravo B, Gregoris E, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Corami F. Quantification and Chemical Characterization of Plastic Additives and Small Microplastics (<100 μm) in Highway Road Dust. Toxics 2023; 11:936. [PMID: 37999588 PMCID: PMC10674966 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Road dust is one of the environment's most important microplastic and plastic additive sources. Traffic vehicles and the wear of tires can release these emerging contaminants, which can be resuspended in the air and washed off by stormwater runoff. In this study, a concurrent quantification and chemical characterization of additives, plasticizers, natural and non-plastic synthetic fibers (APFs), and small microplastics (SMPs, <100 µm) in samples of highway road dust (HWRD) was performed. The sampling procedure was optimized, as well as pretreatment (extraction, purification, and filtration) and analysis via micro-FTIR. The average length of the SMPs was 88 µm, while the average width was 50 µm. The highest abundance of SMPs was detected in HWRD 7 (802 ± 39 SMPs/g). Among the polymers characterized and quantified, vinyl ester and polytetrafluoroethylene were predominant. APFs' average particle length was 80 µm and their width was 45 µm, confirming that both of these emerging pollutants are less than 100 µm in size. Their maximum concentration was in RD7, with 1044 ± 45 APFs/g. Lubricants and plasticizers are the two most abundant categories, followed by vulcanizing agents, accelerators, and pre-vulcanizing retarders derived mainly from tires. A potential relationship between APFs and SMPs in the different seasons was observed, as their concentration was lower in summer for both and higher in winter 2022. These results will be significant in investigating the load of these pollutants from highways, which is urgently necessary for more accurate inclusion in emission inventories, receptor modeling, and health protection programs by policymakers, especially in air and water pollution policies, to prevent risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4, 20090 Rodano, Italy
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
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Feltracco M, Mazzi G, Barbaro E, Rosso B, Sambo F, Biondi S, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Occurrence and phase distribution of benzothiazoles in untreated highway stormwater runoff and road dust. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2023; 30:107878-107886. [PMID: 37740162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study about how tyre-derived particles can potentially worsen the water quality and how traffic pollution markers can affect the environment is crucial for environmental management. Road emissions are known to contribute to pollution in various environments, and benzothiazoles and their derivates can be used to trace pollutant inputs related to surface runoff in the aquatic system. A total of eight benzothiazoles were determined in highway stormwater runoff and road dust collected from February to August 2022 near Venice (Casale sul Sile, Veneto Region, Italy). A new analytical method was validated, by using an UHPLC system coupled to a mass spectrometer (triple quadrupole). The target compounds were determined in both dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter of runoff, and the road dust samples were divided into seven fractions depending on particle diameters to understand the fraction partitioning. The results indicate that 2-SO3H-BTH was the most concentrated benzothiazole in all the analysed substrates, suggesting tyre debris as the main source because it is usually used in the vulcanization process. 2-SO3H-BTH reached a mean concentration of 115 ± 59 µg L-1, 4 ± 3 µg L-1, and 411 ± 441 µg Kg-1 for dissolved phase, suspended particulate matter, and road dust, respectively, while 2-OH-BTH and BTH showed values about an order of magnitude lower. The size distribution of most BTHs suggests that they are distributed in the finest fraction of road dust. An exception was given by 2-SCNMeS-BTH being present only in particles with a diameter > 1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mazzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Francesca Sambo
- SWI Group S.R.L. Via III Armata 3, 30176, Venice Marghera, VE, Italy
| | - Stefano Biondi
- SWI Group S.R.L. Via III Armata 3, 30176, Venice Marghera, VE, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
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11
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Bassanello M, Geppini R, Bonsembiante E, Coli U, Farencena A, D’Aquino M, Gambaro A, Buja A, Baldovin T. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1223109. [PMID: 37732097 PMCID: PMC10507707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the first pandemic phase of COVID-19, an epidemiological study, named First survey, was conducted on the population of a small rural area in northern Italy. In spring 2020, the results showed how a prolonged lockdown slowed down the spread of the virus. Methods After contacting positive First Survey subjects and their families, those who decided to join voluntarily underwent a blood test to assess the presence of qualitative lgG about 2 months after the previous one. This was to determine if IgG persisted in individuals who tested positive in the First Survey as well as to assess the antibody status of their close family members, to determine if they were unintentionally infected. Results Based on serological analysis, 35.1% of the samples contained blood IgG. In subjects who tested positive during the First Survey, 62.5% remained IgG positive more than 2 months later. Among family members who were exposed to a positive relative, 23.7% were infected. Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of an infected person within a household resulted in the infection spreading to the others, but not excessively. Induced isolation extinguished the infection regardless of the extent of the contagion (intra-family or extra-family). Micro-outbreaks of SARS-Cov-2 infection which arose in the same household from extra-familial infections played a decisive role on the statistical significance of IgG-positive subjects (p < 0.001). Discussion The study reveal 52.6% of the IgG-positive subjects in the Second Survey came from the First Survey and 47.4% were family members previously in contact with positive subjects. Data suggest that there have been undiagnosed patients feeding the spread of the virus since the beginning of the pandemic. In conclusion, for future pandemics, it will be necessary: i) to ensure the rapid isolation of symptomatic patients and the early identification of their close contacts, ii) to carry out the maximum number of tests in the shortest possible time, both on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, and iii) to implement information campaigns to make people aware of their risks, and implement clear, non-conflicting communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bassanello
- Emergency and Health Department, Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ruggero Geppini
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Coli
- Health Department, Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Aldo Farencena
- Laboratory and Microbiology Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buja
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tatjana Baldovin
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A. Neonicotinoids and pharmaceuticals in hair of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Cavallino-Treporti peninsula, Italy. Environ Res 2023; 228:115837. [PMID: 37028535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) are contaminants widely diffused worldwide, causing increasing concern for potential adverse effects on wildlife. However, research on these contaminants have focused on target and non-target invertebrates, while information on potential effects in terrestrial mammals is lacking. We performed preliminary non-invasive monitoring of NEOs and API in a suburban and agricultural area using hair of the Red fox. The Red fox is a widely diffused mesopredator in Europe, and its plasticity in feeding habits makes it an excellent indicator for assessing exposure to environmental contamination. We observed the presence of NEOs in many Red fox hair samples (n = 11), including imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), and clothianidin (CLO). The highest quantified concentrations were 6.4 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), 6.7 ng g-1 dw, and 0.9 ng g-1 dw for IMI, ACE, and CLO, respectively. The targeted APIs included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antidepressants. APIs were less frequently detected than NEOs, and the compounds with the highest prevalence were the NSAID ketoprofen (36%), the antidepressant sertraline (36%), and its active metabolite norsertraline (27%). The presence of human pharmaceuticals such as the NSAID ibuprofen and the antidepressants sertraline, fluoxetine, and their active metabolites norsertraline and norfluoxetine suggest environmental contamination due to untreated and partially treated wastewater discharged in surface waters and soils of the study area. The detection and quantification of ketoprofen and flunixin also suggest the possible use of contaminated manure on farmland. Findings indicate that hair may be used for monitoring environmental exposure to NEOs and provide evidence that hair is a good marker of exposure for antidepressants and certain NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and flunixin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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13
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Feltracco M, Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Becagli S, Park KT, Vecchiato M, Caiazzo L, Traversi R, Severi M, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Characterization of free L- and D-amino acids in size-segregated background aerosols over the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163070. [PMID: 36990237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of airborne chemical markers is crucial for identifying sources of aerosols, and their atmospheric processes of transport and transformation. The investigation of free amino acids and their differentiation between the L- and D- enantiomers are even more important to understand their sources and atmospheric fate. Aerosol samples were collected with a high-volume sampler with cascade impactor at Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS) on the coast of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) for two summer campaigns (2018/19 and 2019/20). The total mean concentration of free amino acids in PM10 was 4 ± 2 pmol m-3 for both campaigns and most of free amino acids were distributed in fine particles. The coarse mode of airborne D-Alanine and dimethylsufoniopropionate in seawater showed a similar trend during both Antarctic campaigns. Thus, the study of D/L Ala ratio in fine, coarse and PM10 fractions indicated the microlayer as the local source. This paper demonstrated that free amino acids follow the trend of DMS and MSA release occurred in the Ross Sea, confirming their applicability as markers for phytoplankton bloom also in paleoclimatic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Laura Caiazzo
- ENEA Laboratory of Observations and Measurements for the Environment and Climate, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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14
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Rosso B, Gregoris E, Litti L, Zorzi F, Fiorini M, Bravo B, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Corami F. Identification and quantification of tire wear particles by employing different cross-validation techniques: FTIR-ATR Micro-FTIR, Pyr-GC/MS, and SEM. Environ Pollut 2023; 326:121511. [PMID: 36967009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are one of the environment's most important emission sources of microplastics. In this work, chemical identification of these particles was carried out in highway stormwater runoff through cross-validation techniques for the first time. Optimization of a pre-treatment method (i.e., extraction and purification) was provided to extract TWPs, avoiding their degradation and denaturation, to prevent getting low recognizable identification and consequently underestimates in the quantification. Specific markers were used for TWPs identification comparing real stormwater samples and reference materials via FTIR-ATR, Micro-FTIR, and Pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS). Quantification of TWPs was carried out via Micro-FTIR (microscopic counting); the abundance ranged from 220,371 ± 651 TWPs/L to 358,915 ± 831 TWPs/L, while the higher mass was 39,6 ± 9 mg TWPs/L and the lowest 31,0 ± 8 mg TWPs/L. Most of the TWPs analyzed were less than 100 μm in size. The sizes were also confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), including the presence of potential nano TWPs in the samples. Elemental analysis via SEM supported that a complex mixture of heterogeneous composition characterizes these particles by agglomerating organic and inorganic particles that could derive from brake and road wear, road pavement, road dust, asphalts, and construction road work. Due to the analytical lack of knowledge about TWPs chemical identification and quantification in scientific literature, this study significantly contributes to providing a novel pre-treatment and analytical methodology for these emerging contaminants in highway stormwater runoff. The results of this study highlight the uttermost necessity to employ cross-validation techniques, i.e., FTIR-ATR, Micro-FTIR, Pyr-GC/MS, and SEM for the TWPs identification and quantification in the real environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Lucio Litti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federico Zorzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; CEASC (Centro di Analisi e Servizi per la Certificazione), University of Padova, Via Jappelli 1a, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fiorini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna (BO), Italy.
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4 - 20090 Rodano (MI), Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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15
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Turetta C, Barbaro E, Skidmore ML, Gambaro A, Michaud AB, Mitchell AC, Vick-Majors TJ, Priscu JC, Barbante C. Trace element, rare earth element and trace carbon compounds in Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2023:164480. [PMID: 37263426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) lies beneath 801 m of ice in the lower portion of the Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) in West Antarctica and is part of an extensive and active subglacial drainage network. Here, the geochemical characterization of SLW rare earth elements (REE), trace elements (TE), free amino acids (FAA), and phenolic compounds (PC) measured in lakewater and sediment porewater are reported. The results show, on average, higher values of REEs in the lakewater than in the porewater, and clear changes in all REE concentrations and select redox sensitive trace element concentrations in porewaters at a depth of ~15 cm in the 38 cm lake sediment core. This is consistent with prior results on the lake sediment redox conditions based on gas chemistry and microbiological data. Low concentrations of vanillyl phenols were measured in the SLW water column with higher concentrations in porewater samples and their concentration profiles in the sediments may also reflect changing redox conditions in the sediments. Vanillin concentrations increased with depth in the sediments as oxygenation decreases, while the concentrations of vanillic acid, the more oxidized component, were higher in the more oxygenated surface sediments. Collectively these results indicate redox changes occurring with the upper 38 cm of sediment in SLW and provide support for the existence of a seawater source, already hypothesized, in the sediments below the lowest measured depth, and of a complex and dynamic geochemical system beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our results are the first to detail geochemical properties from an Antarctic subglacial environment using direct sampling technology. Due to their isolation from the wider environment, subglacial lakes represent one of our planets last pristine environments that provide habitats for microbial life and natural biogeochemical cycles but also impact the basal hydrology and can cause ice flow variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy.
| | - Mark L Skidmore
- Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Andrew C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Trista J Vick-Majors
- Department of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - John C Priscu
- Polar Oceans Research Group, Sheridan, MT 59749, USA
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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16
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Fama F, Feltracco M, Moro G, Barbaro E, Bassanello M, Gambaro A, Zanardi C. Pesticides monitoring in biological fluids: Mapping the gaps in analytical strategies. Talanta 2023; 253:123969. [PMID: 36191513 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides play a key-role in the development of the agrifood sector allowing controlling pest growth and, thus, improving the production rates. Pesticides chemical stability is responsible of their persistency in environmental matrices leading to bioaccumulation in animal tissues and hazardous several effects on living organisms. The studies regarding long-term effects of pesticides exposure and their toxicity are still limited to few studies focusing on over-exposed populations, but no extensive dataset is currently available. Pesticides biomonitoring relies mainly on chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, whose large-scale application is often limited by feasibility constraints (costs, time, etc.). On the contrary, chemical sensors allow rapid, in-situ screening. Several sensors were designed for the detection of pesticides in environmental matrices, but their application in biological fluids needs to be further explored. Aiming at contributing to the implementation of pesticides biomonitoring methods, we mapped the main gaps between screening and chromatographic methods. Our overview focuses on the recent advances (2016-2021) in analytical methods for the determination of commercial pesticides in human biological fluids and provides guidelines for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Bassanello
- Health Direction Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Via Giovanni XXIII 7, 31050, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photosynthesis, Research National Council, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Rosso B, Corami F, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Quantification and identification of airborne small microplastics (<100 μm) and other microlitter components in atmospheric aerosol via a novel elutriation and oleo-extraction method. Environ Pollut 2023; 318:120889. [PMID: 36539009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere is a significant pathway for distributing plastic particles and other micro-litter particles from their sources to other environmental compartments. There is a big gap regarding the standardized method for the quantification and identification of airborne microplastics (MPs), especially those in the range of 5-100 μm (small microplastics, SMPs) and airborne micro-litter components (MLCs), i.e., plastic additives, natural fibers and non-plastics synthetic fibers. This study aimed to develop and optimize a pre-treatment method (i.e., elutriation, oleoextraction, and purification) to extract SMPs and MLCs simultaneously from urban aerosol samples. The quantification and simultaneous chemical characterization were performed via Micro-FTIR. The method developed was then applied to two samples from different seasons, i.e., summer and late fall - winter. Micro-litter particles followed the Poisson distribution, and the fiducial limit (confidence interval) was calculated accordingly. Non-parametric statistical tests were performed to evaluate significant differences among the samples. The most abundant plastic polymers were polyethylene (HDPE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Among MLCs, flame retardants, UV filters, stabilizers, and rayon were identified. The results of this study will contribute significantly to establishing standardized and accredited methods to quantify and identify airborne SMPs and MLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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18
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Rosso B, Corami F, Vezzaro L, Biondi S, Bravo B, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Quantification and characterization of additives, plasticizers, and small microplastics (5-100 μm) in highway stormwater runoff. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116348. [PMID: 36174466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highway stormwater (HSW) runoff is a significant pathway for transferring microplastics from land-based sources to the other surrounding environmental compartments. Small microplastics (SMPs, 5-100 μm), additives, plasticizers, natural, and nonplastic synthetic fibers, together with other components of micro-litter (APFs), were assessed in HSW samples via Micro-FTIR; oleo-extraction and purification procedures previously developed were optimized to accomplish this goal. The distribution of SMPs and APFs observed in distinct HSW runoff varied significantly since rainfall events may play a crucial role in the concentration and distribution of these pollutants. The SMPs' abundance varied from 11932 ± 151 to 18966 ± 191 SMPs/L. The dominating polymers were vinyl ester (VE), polyamide 6 (PA6), fluorocarbon, and polyester (PES). The APFs' concentrations ranged from 12825 ± 157 to 96425 ± 430 APFs/L. Most APFs originated from vehicle and tire wear (e.g., Dioctyl adipate or 5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole). Other sources of these pollutants might be pipes, highway signs, packaging from garbage debris, road marking paints, atmospheric deposition, and other inputs. Assessing SMPs in HSW runoff can help evaluating the potential threat they may represent to receiving water bodies and air compartments. Besides, APFs in HSW runoff may be efficient proxies of macro- and microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Luca Vezzaro
- Department of Environmental Engineering Water Technology & Processes, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Bygning 101A, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4 - 20090 Rodano (MI), Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP; Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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19
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Marchetto D, Russo M, Baccichet M, Brusò L, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A. Long-term effects of neonicotinoids on reproduction and offspring development in the copepod Acartia tonsa. Mar Environ Res 2022; 181:105761. [PMID: 36206640 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are neurotoxic pesticides acting as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. NEOs' efficacy against pest insects has favoured their spreading use in agriculture, but their proven effectiveness against non-target insects in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems also raised concern over their environmental impact. Crustaceans were often studied for the impacts of NEOs due to their economic values and nervous' system similarity with insects. However, most studies on crustaceans focused on acute effects or exposure of early-life stages, while long-term effects were seldom explored. The present study aimed to assess the potential long-term effects of four commercially available NEOs on the reproduction and offspring of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, a key species in the food webs of several coastal and estuarine environments. NEOs were confirmed as potent interferents of copepod reproduction. The first-generation compound acetamiprid significantly inhibited egg production and hatching ratio at 10 ng L-1, while larval survival and development were affected at 81 ng L-1. Similarly, the first-generation compound thiacloprid significantly inhibited the hatching ratio and larval development at 9 ng L-1, while it did not affect egg production and larval survival. Second-generation compounds were less toxic than acetamiprid and thiacloprid: clothianidin affected significantly only larval development of the offspring at 62 ng L-1, while thiamethoxam was not toxic at both the tested concentrations (8 ng L-1 and 84 ng L-1). These data evidenced that effects on copepods may occur at concentrations below the chronic aquatic life benchmarks reported by USEPA for acetamiprid (2100 ng L-1) and thiacloprid (970 ng L-1), suggesting that long-term effects of NEOs have been underestimated. A comparison with environmental concentrations evidenced that NEO-mediated effects on copepods are more liable in coastal areas receiving discharge from wastewater treatment plants or diffuse inputs from agricultural land during pesticide application periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Martina Russo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Baccichet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Luca Brusò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
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20
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Pizzini S, Giuliani S, Polonia A, Piazza R, Bellucci LG, Gambaro A, Gasperini L. PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs trapped and remobilized in the Lake of Cavazzo (NE Italy) sediments: Temporal trends, quality, and sources in an area prone to anthropogenic and natural stressors. Environ Res 2022; 213:113573. [PMID: 35661732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under the present climatic emergency, the environmental quality of freshwater reservoirs is an increasingly urgent topic as its deterioration threatens humans and ecosystems. It is evident that pollution by natural and anthropogenic contaminants must be avoided or reduced. The Lake of Cavazzo (NE Italy) is a natural perialpine basin which, from the mid-20th century, has sustained several anthropogenic impacts that added to the effects of the intense regional seismicity. Starting from 2015, in response to concerns raised by local authorities, a multidisciplinary investigation of the lake floor and sub-floor was conducted, including a geophysical survey and the collection of sediment cores. Two of them were studied to detect contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and specific Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs; i.e. PolyChlorinated Biphenyls - PCBs, PolyBrominated Diphenyl Ethers - PBDEs, and OrganoChlorine Pesticides - OCPs), and to verify the link with known anthropogenic stressors. Results were interpreted in light of previous studies suggesting modified conditions after the '50s, and recognized the effects of the 1976-1977 MW 6.5 seismic sequence in resuspending sediments within the basin. Analyzed pollutants defined a potential critical situation only for few OCPs, above all 2,4'- and 4,4'-DDT isomers. In addition, PBDEs were found at concentrations exceeding those of other heavily polluted alpine lakes. Mass movements (either seismic or human induced) have likely resuspended and transferred pollutants from shallower locations to the lake depocenter, showing the potential of re-exposing contaminated layers to biomagnification processes along the lacustrine food chain. Local inputs of pollutants prevail over distributed sources, suggesting a link with local agricultural or industrial activities. Indeed, works connected to the construction of the hydroelectric power plant in the '50s might have reworked local sediments perturbing their natural accretion. Results of this work might inspire similar studies in other problematic lacustrine areas that sustain both natural and anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- DAIS-Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venice, Mestre (VE), Italy
| | | | | | - Rossano Piazza
- DAIS-Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venice, Mestre (VE), Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gambaro
- DAIS-Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venice, Mestre (VE), Italy
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21
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Maule F, Bortolini M, Gabrieli J, De Blasi F, Cairns WR, Dallo F, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Airborne polar pesticides in rural and mountain sites of North-Eastern Italy: An emerging air quality issue. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119657. [PMID: 35750305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop spraying with pesticides in rural areas and their transport to high-altitude remote sites is crucial to provide a basis for understanding possible impacts on the environment and population health. We aim to improve existing methods with a highly sensitive technique by using high pressure anion exchange chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Thus, a total of fourteen polar pesticides were determined in aerosol samples collected from August to December 2021 at Roncade (Venetian plain) and Col Margherita Observatory (Dolomites). The observatory was chosen as the background site as it is representative of the surrounding alpine region. Some samples revealed a substantial amount of cyanuric acid mainly at Roncade (mean concentration of 10 ± 10 ng m-3), glyphosate and fosetyl-aluminium (0.1 ± 0.2 and 0.1 ± 0.1 ng m-3, respectively). Surprisingly, some pesticides have been also found at Col Margherita, a high mountain background site, with concentrations an order of magnitude lower than at Roncade. This is the first time that fourteen polar pesticides have been assessed in the aerosol phase of the Po' Valley and detected at a high-altitude remote site, and consequently this study provides the first data on their occurrences in Italian aerosols. It represents a basis for the assessment of risks for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Francesca Maule
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Mara Bortolini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Warren Rl Cairns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Center for the Built Environment, University of California, (UC Berkeley-CBE), 390 Wurster Hall, CA-94720, Berkeley, United States
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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22
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Bernardini I, Fabrello J, Vecchiato M, Ferraresso S, Babbucci M, Peruzza L, Rovere GD, Masiero L, Marin MG, Bargelloni L, Gambaro A, Patarnello T, Matozzo V, Milan M. Effects of environmental concentrations of the fragrance amyl salicylate on the mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119502. [PMID: 35605833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyl salicylate (AS) is a fragrance massively used as a personal care product and following the discharged in wastewaters may end up in the aquatic environment representing a potential threat for the ecosystem and living organisms. AS was recently detected in water of the Venice Lagoon, a vulnerable area continuously subjected to the income of anthropogenic chemicals. The lagoon is a relevant area for mollusc farming, including the Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) having an important economic and ecological role. Despite high levels of AS occurred in water of the Lagoon of Venice, no studies investigated the possible consequences of AS exposures on species inhabiting this ecosystem to date. For the first time, we applied a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the potential effects of the fragrance AS on Mediterranean mussels. To reach such a goal, bioaccumulation, cellular, biochemical, and molecular analyses (RNA-seq and microbiota characterization) were measured in mussels treated for 7 and 14 days with different AS Venice lagoon environmental levels (0.1 and 0.5 μg L-1). Despite chemical investigations suggested low AS bioaccumulation capability, cellular and molecular analyses highlighted the disruption of several key cellular processes after the prolonged exposures to the high AS concentration. Among them, potential immunotoxicity and changes in transcriptional regulation of pathways involved in energy metabolism, stress response, apoptosis and cell death regulations have been observed. Conversely, exposure to the low AS concentration demonstrated weak transcriptional changes and transient increased representation of opportunistic pathogens, as Arcobacter genus and Vibrio aestuarianus. Summarizing, this study provides the first overview on the effects of AS on one of the most widely farmed mollusk species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bernardini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - J Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - M Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Peruzza
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - M G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - A Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - V Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - M Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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23
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Scopel M, Piazza R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Detection of glyphosate residues in feed, saliva, urine and faeces from a cattle farm: a pilot study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1248-1254. [PMID: 35442859 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2066194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two samples of feed, saliva, urines, and faeces collected from a cattle farm were investigated with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of glyphosate in faeces, urine and saliva. Glyphosate in the feed was also quantified to understand how it was assimilated by mammals. All cows excreted glyphosate in their faeces at concentrations between 57 and 983 ng g-1. In contrast, only 55% of urine and one sample of saliva tested positive. Most of the feeds demonstrated a non-negligible presence of glyphosate. In particular, a silage containing soybeans from genetically modified cultivation showed a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the other feeds. This study aims to provide the first complete determination of glyphosate in a cattle farm, considering the possible re-entry into the environment through the spreading of liquid and solid sewage and its possible impact on groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Monica Scopel
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
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24
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Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Basso M, Panzarin L, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A, Picone M. Assessing the exposure to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in waterbirds: The use of feathers for monitoring antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153473. [PMID: 35093362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from both human and veterinary sources is an increasing threat to wildlife welfare and conservation. Notwithstanding, tracking the exposure to pharmaceuticals in non-target and sensitive vertebrates, including birds, is seldom performed and relies almost exclusively on analysing internal organs retrieved from carcasses or from experimentally exposed and sacrificed birds. Clearly, this excludes the possibility of performing large-scale monitoring. Analysing feathers collected from healthy birds may permit this, by detecting APIs in wild birds, including protected and declining species of waterbirds, without affecting their welfare. To this end, we set up a non-destructive method for analysing the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the feathers of fledglings of both the Mediterranean gull (Ichtyaetus melanocephalus) and the Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis). The presence of several NSAIDs and SSRIs above the method quantification limits have confirmed that feathers might be a suitable means of evaluating the exposure of birds to APIs. Moreover, the concentrations indicated that waterbirds are exposed to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen, and SSRIs, such as citalopram, desmethylcitalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline, possibly due to their widespread use and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The active ingredient diclofenac raises a the primary concern for the ecosystem and the welfare of the waterbirds, due to its high prevalence (100% and 83.3% in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), its concentrations detected in feathers (11.9 ng g-1 and 6.7 ng g-1 in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), and its documented toxicity toward certain birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Panzarin
- Associazione Naturalistica Sandonatese, c/o Centro Didattico Naturalistico il Pendolino, via Romanziol 130, 30020 Noventa di Piave, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
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25
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Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Basso M, Panzarin L, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A, Picone M. The ubiquity of neonicotinoid contamination: Residues in seabirds with different trophic habits. Environ Res 2022; 206:112637. [PMID: 34973939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are one of the most diffusely used classes of pesticides whose level of danger toward non-target invertebrate and vertebrate species has raised increasing concern in the last decades. Among vertebrates, birds are particularly susceptible to unintentional neonicotinoid poisoning since they can be exposed through different pathways, including ingestion of dressed seeds, sucking of contaminated pollen, ingestion of sprayed insects, predation on contaminated aquatic and terrestrial preys. In the present study, we investigated the possible exposure of seabirds by measuring the residues of five neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in samples of pooled feathers collected from fledglings of the strictly piscivorous Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) and the mixotrophic species Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus). At least one neonicotinoid was quantified in all the Mediterranean gull samples (n = 11) and 89% of the analysed Sandwich tern samples (n = 36). The active principles with the highest quantification rates were imidacloprid (100% in Mediterranean gulls and 58% in Sandwich terns) and clothianidin (100% in Mediterranean gulls and 61% in Sandwich terns), while thiacloprid was the less frequently detected pesticide (<20% of samples in both species). Mean concentrations ± standard error for imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam were 8.8 ± 1.4, 4.5 ± 0.19 and 0.16 ± 0.02 ng g-1 for the Mediterranean gull, and 5.8 ± 0.55, 0.60 ± 0.08 and 0.36 ± 0.03 ng g-1for the Sandwich tern, respectively. Our data evidenced the exposure of seabirds to neonicotinoids and the further need to investigate the extent of neonicotinoid contamination in non-agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Panzarin
- Associazione Naturalistica Sandonatese, c/o Centro Didattico Naturalistico il Pendolino, via Romanziol 130, 30020, Noventa di Piave, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
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26
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Corami F, Rosso B, Sfriso AA, Gambaro A, Mistri M, Munari C, Barbante C. Additives, plasticizers, small microplastics (<100 μm), and other microlitter components in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial teleost fish: Method of extraction, purification, quantification, and characterization using Micro-FTIR. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 177:113477. [PMID: 35277272 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the aims of this study is the development of a pretreatment method for additives, plasticizers and other components of micro-litter (APFs), and small microplastics (SMPs <100 μm) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five of the most widely distributed and consumed commercial fish species, Engraulis encrasiculos, Sardina pilchardus, Mullus surmuletus, Solea solea, and Sparus aurata. The second aim was to develop a simultaneous quantification and identification method via Micro-FTIR of APFs and SMPs ingested by these commercial fish species. The distribution of SMPs and APFs is characteristically different for each species investigated. E. encrasiculos and S. pilchardus had a higher weight of SMPs than the other species investigated. Regarding APFs, the highest abundance was observed in E. encrasiculos. This study highlights the importance of studying additives and plasticizers that can be used as efficient proxies of microplastics, as shown by the presence of vulcanizing agents such as Vanax®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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27
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Barbaro E, Feltracco M, Spagnesi A, Dallo F, Gabrieli J, De Blasi F, Zannoni D, Cairns WRL, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Vanillic and Syringic Acids in Ice Cores. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5344-5351. [PMID: 35319865 PMCID: PMC8988124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The development of
new analytical systems and the improvement of
the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical
markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the
paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. Different chemical species
can be used as markers for tracking emission sources or specific environmental
processes. Although some markers, such as methane sulfonic acid (a
proxy of marine productivity), are commonly used, there is a lack
of data on other organic tracers in ice cores, making their continuous
analysis analytically challenging. Here, we present an innovative
combination of fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass
spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) to continuously determine organic markers
in ice cores. After specific optimization, this approach was applied
to the quantification of vanillic and syringic acids, two specific
markers for biomass burning. Using the validated method, detection
limits of 3.6 and 4.6 pg mL–1 for vanillic and syringic
acids, respectively, were achieved. Thanks to the coupling of FLC-MS/MS
with the continuous flow analytical system, we obtained one measurement
every 30 s, which corresponds to a sampling resolution of a sample
every 1.5 cm with a melting rate of 3.0 cm min–1. To check the robustness of the method, we analyzed two parallel
sticks of an alpine ice core over more than 5 h. Vanillic acid was
found with concentrations in the range of picograms per milliliter,
suggesting the combustion of coniferous trees, which are found throughout
the Italian Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Azzurra Spagnesi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Center for the Built Environment, University of California, 390 Wurster Hall #1839, Berkeley, California 94720-1839, United States
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Daniele Zannoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Postboks 7803, Bergen NO-5020, Norway
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, Venice Mestre (VE) 155-30172, Italy
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28
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Morabito E, Zangrando R, Piazza R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Assessing glyphosate in water, marine particulate matter, and sediments in the Lagoon of Venice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:16383-16391. [PMID: 34651274 PMCID: PMC8827352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lagoon water, suspended particulate matter, and sediment samples from seven sites at Lagoon of Venice were collected from 2019 to 2021 in order to study the presence of the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), among the most widely used agricultural chemicals worldwide, but its occurrence in lagoon water environment has not been deeply investigated. The sites were selected considering a supposed diversity of inputs and of pollution levels. An analytical method based on ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for lagoon water, marine particulate matter, and sediment samples. Maximum concentrations of glyphosate were 260 and 7 ng L-1 for lagoon water and suspended particulate matter, respectively, and 15 ng g-1 for sediment, with some spatial and temporal fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate content in the Venice Lagoon mainly depends on external forcing from river inlets and agricultural lagoon activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172, Venice Mestre, VE, Italy
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29
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Dinoi A, Feltracco M, Chirizzi D, Trabucco S, Conte M, Gregoris E, Barbaro E, La Bella G, Ciccarese G, Belosi F, La Salandra G, Gambaro A, Contini D. A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: Implication for airborne transmission. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:151137. [PMID: 34699823 PMCID: PMC8539199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been object of debate in the scientific community since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. This mechanism of transmission could arise from virus-laden aerosol released by infected individuals and it is influenced by several factors. Among these, the concentration and size distribution of virus-laden particles play an important role. The knowledge regarding aerosol transmission increases as new evidence is collected in different studies, even if it is not yet available a standard protocol regarding air sampling and analysis, which can create difficulties in the interpretation and application of results. This work reports a systematic review of current knowledge gained by 73 published papers on experimental determination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air comparing different environments: outdoors, indoor hospitals and healthcare settings, and public community indoors. Selected papers furnished 77 datasets: outdoor studies (9/77, 11.7%) and indoor studies (68/77. 88.3%). The indoor datasets in hospitals were the vast majority (58/68, 85.3%), and the remaining (10/68, 14.7%) were classified as community indoors. The fraction of studies having positive samples, as well as positivity rates (i.e. ratios between positive and total samples) are significantly larger in hospitals compared to the other typologies of sites. Contamination of surfaces was more frequent (in indoor datasets) compared to contamination of air samples; however, the average positivity rate was lower compared to that of air. Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air were highly variables and, on average, lower in outdoors compared to indoors. Among indoors, concentrations in community indoors appear to be lower than those in hospitals and healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Dinoi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice, Mestre, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Daniela Chirizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sara Trabucco
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Conte
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy; Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice, Mestre, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice, Mestre, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Gianfranco La Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ciccarese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Franco Belosi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Salandra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy.
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30
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Conte M, Feltracco M, Chirizzi D, Trabucco S, Dinoi A, Gregoris E, Barbaro E, La Bella G, Ciccarese G, Belosi F, La Salandra G, Gambaro A, Contini D. Airborne concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community environments in Italy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13905-13916. [PMID: 34599449 PMCID: PMC8486635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic raised a debate regarding the role of airborne transmission. Information regarding virus-laden aerosol concentrations is still scarce in community indoors and what are the risks for general public and the efficiency of restriction policies. This work investigates, for the first time in Italy, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples collected in different community indoors (one train station, two food markets, one canteen, one shopping centre, one hair salon, and one pharmacy) in three Italian cities: metropolitan city of Venice (NE of Italy), Bologna (central Italy), and Lecce (SE of Italy). Air samples were collected during the maximum spread of the second wave of pandemic in Italy (November and December 2020). All collected samples tested negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, using both real-time RT-PCR and ddPCR, and no significant differences were observed comparing samples taken with and without customers. Modelling average concentrations, using influx of customers' data and local epidemiological information, indicated low values (i.e. < 0.8 copies m-3 when cotton facemasks are used and even lower for surgical facemasks). The results, even if with some limitations, suggest that the restrictive policies enforced could effectively reduce the risk of airborne transmissions in the community indoor investigated, providing that physical distance is respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Conte
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venice, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venezia, Italy
| | - Daniela Chirizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sara Trabucco
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adelaide Dinoi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venice, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venezia, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venice, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco La Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ciccarese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Franco Belosi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Salandra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino (Mestre), 155, Venezia, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy.
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Corami F, Rosso B, Morabito E, Rensi V, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Small microplastics (<100 μm), plasticizers and additives in seawater and sediments: Oleo-extraction, purification, quantification, and polymer characterization using Micro-FTIR. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:148937. [PMID: 34303248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the abundance and the distribution of small microplastics (<100 μm, SMPs) and of other components of micro-litter (i.e., additives, plasticizers, natural and non-plastic synthetic fibers, APFs) were investigated in sediments and seawater of three different sites of a transitional environment; different anthropogenic impacts and environmental features characterize these three sites. The pretreatment method developed (oleo-extraction and purification procedures) allowed the collection of particles (SMPs and APFs) in a wide range of densities, e.g., from low-density plastics to high-density plastics, avoiding further degradation/denaturation of polymers. An analytical method for quantification and simultaneous identification of SMPs and APFs via Micro-FTIR was developed. Higher abundances of SMPs were observed in sediments compared to the abundance observed in seawater. SMPs were not the major component of the micro-litter. With natural fibers and non-plastic fibers, additives and plasticizers were quantified and identified in sediments and seawater. These latter are employed to obtain specific characteristics of polymers; hence their presence can be a good proxy of these polymers' presence in the environment. Sources and pathways may influence the abundance and distribution of SMPs and APFs. Differences in abundance and distribution of these pollutants in sediments and seawater of the three sites investigated were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Veronica Rensi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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Vecchiato M, Bonato T, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Piazza R. Organic pollutants in protected plain areas: The occurrence of PAHs, musks, UV-filters, flame retardants and hydrocarbons in woodland soils. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:149003. [PMID: 34274674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protected woodlands are rare and small portions of the plain territory of northern Italy, where agricultural, industrial and urban activities strongly dominate the landscape. Such natural areas are frequently set on river floodplains and are therefore potentially conditioned by the contamination brought by the surface waters. We investigated the occurrence of multiple categories of organic pollutants, including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Musk fragrances, UV-filters, organophosphorus and novel brominated Flame Retardants (FRs) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in woodland soils of eight different protected areas. The samples collected in the floodplains of the Po, Adige and Fratta rivers resulted more contaminated, with levels of PAHs up to 633 ng g-1. Moreover, these samples for the first time revealed the presence of personal care products, primarily 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and tonalide (AHTN), in soils of protected woodlands, reaching respectively 3.4 ng g-1 and 5.0 ng g-1, together with the occurrence of both organophosphorus and brominated FRs, with total concentrations up to 15 ng g-1. Higher concentrations of hydrocarbons, with TPH in the range 5-65 μg g-1, were instead reflecting the inputs of long chain n-alkanes from epicuticular waxes more than petrogenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), Via Comuna 5/B, 35042 Este, PD, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Marchetto D, Russo M, Vecchiato M, Gambaro A, Barbante C, Ghirardini AV. Fragrance materials (FMs) affect the larval development of the copepod Acartia tonsa: An emerging issue for marine ecosystems. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112146. [PMID: 33744517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household and personal care products. Despite their widespread use and the growing evidence of their occurrence in surface waters worldwide, very little is known about their toxicity towards marine species, including a key component of the marine food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated the toxicity of six of the more long-lasting and stable commercial fragrances, including Amyl Salicylate (AMY), Oranger Crystals (ORA), Hexyl Salicylate (HEX), Ambrofix (AMB), Peonile (PEO), and Benzyl Salicylate (BZS), to assess their ability to impair the larval development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. FMs inhibited the development of A. tonsa significantly at concentrations by far lower than the effect-concentrations reported in the literature for aquatic species. The more toxic FMs were HEX (EC50 = 57 ng L-1), AMY (EC50 = 131 ng L-1) and ORA (EC50 = 766 ng L-1), while the other three compounds exerted toxic effects at concentrations higher than 1000 ng L-1 (LOEC at 1000 ng L-1 for PEO and BZS, and at 10,000 ng L-1 for AMB). Early life-stage mortality was unaffected by FMs at all the tested concentrations. A comparison with water concentrations of FMs reported in the literature confirmed that FMs, especially HEX and AMY, may act as contaminants of potential concern in many aquatic habitats, including urban areas and remote and polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Martina Russo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Vecchiato M, Callegaro A, Burgay F, Vardè M, Maffezzoli N, Dallo F, Scoto F, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Year-round measurements of size-segregated low molecular weight organic acids in Arctic aerosol. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:142954. [PMID: 33498125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids in aerosols Earth's atmosphere are ubiquitous and they have been extensively studied across urban, rural and polar environments. However, little is known about their properties, transport, source and seasonal variations in the Svalbard Archipelago. Here, we present the annual trend of organic acids in the aerosol collected at Ny-Ålesund and consider their size-distributions to infer their possible sources and relative contributions. A series of carboxylic acids were detected with a predominance of C2-oxalic acid. Pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid were studied in order to better understand the oxidative and gas-to-particle processes occurred in the Arctic atmosphere. Since the water-soluble organic fraction is mainly composed by organic acids and ions, we investigated how the seasonal variation leads to different atmospheric transport mechanisms, focusing on the chemical variations between the polar night and boreal summer. Using major ions, levoglucosan and MSA, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified five different possible sources: a) sea spray; b) marine primary production; c) biomass burning; d) sea ice related process and e) secondary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - François Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Vardè
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Niccolò Maffezzoli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), SP Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
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Pizzini S, Morabito E, Gregoris E, Vecchiato M, Corami F, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Occurrence and source apportionment of organic pollutants in deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 164:112053. [PMID: 33548807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, recent and aged inputs of five classes of organic contaminants (i.e. PCBs, OCPs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs, and n-Alkanes) were evaluated in eight deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon, collected along the path of a new waterway whose excavation is under evaluation by local authorities, to assess the environmental quality status of the area. Diagnostic indices were calculated for identifying pollutant distribution patterns and their major emission sources, whose relative contribution was quantified by a Positive Matrix Factorization source apportionment model. Sedimentary depth profiles highlighted higher contamination in the top layer, mainly related to ship traffic combustion and vehicular/industrial emissions from the mainland. Nevertheless, a significant level of pollution has been detected also in the deeper layers, probably due to the transport of particulate matter through the aquifers underlying the lagoon seabed. The results underlined the threat posed by the possible resuspension of pollutants in the water column during contaminated sediment dredging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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Spolaor A, Varin C, Pedeli X, Christille JM, Kirchgeorg T, Giardi F, Cappelletti D, Turetta C, Cairns WRL, Gambaro A, Bernagozzi A, Gallet JC, Björkman MP, Barbaro E. Source, timing and dynamics of ionic species mobility in the Svalbard annual snowpack. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141640. [PMID: 32892077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all ice core archives from the Arctic and middle latitudes (such as the Alps), apart from some very high elevation sites in Greenland and the North Pacific, are strongly influenced by melting processes. The increases in the average Arctic temperature has enhanced surface snow melting even of higher elevation ice caps, especially on the Svalbard Archipelago. The increase of the frequency and altitude of winter "rain on snow" events as well as the increase of the length of the melting season have had a direct impact on the chemical composition of the seasonal and permanent snow layers due to different migration processes of water-soluble species, such as inorganic ions. This re-allocation along the snowpack of ionic species could significantly modify the original chemical signal present in the annual snow. This paper aims to give a picture of the evolution of the seasonal snow strata with a daily time resolution to better understand: a) the processes that can influence deposition b) the distribution of ions in annual snow c) the impact of the presence of liquid water on chemical re-distribution within the annual snow pack. Specifically, the chemical composition of the first 100 cm of seasonal snow on the Austre Brøggerbreen Glacier (Spitsbergen, Svalbard Islands, Norway) was monitored daily from the 27th of March to the 31st of May 2015. The experimental period covered almost the entire Arctic spring until the melting season. This unique dataset gives us a daily picture of the snow pack composition, and helps us to understand the behaviour of cations (K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+) and anions (Br-, I-, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, MSA) in the Svalbard snow pack. We demonstrate that biologically related depositions occur only at the end of the snow season and that rain and melting events have different impacts on the snowpack chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Varin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Xanthi Pedeli
- Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of Statistics, 76 Patision Street, 10434 Athens, Greece
| | - Jean Marc Christille
- Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, 11020 Nus, AO, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Torben Kirchgeorg
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabio Giardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Giovanni Sansone, 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernagozzi
- Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, 11020 Nus, AO, Italy
| | | | - Mats P Björkman
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Box 460, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
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Chirizzi D, Conte M, Feltracco M, Dinoi A, Gregoris E, Barbaro E, La Bella G, Ciccarese G, La Salandra G, Gambaro A, Contini D. SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and virus-laden aerosol size distributions in outdoor air in north and south of Italy. Environ Int 2021; 146:106255. [PMID: 33221596 PMCID: PMC7659514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease spread at different rates in the different countries and in different regions of the same country, as happened in Italy. Transmission by contact or at close range due to large respiratory droplets is widely accepted, however, the role of airborne transmission due to small respiratory droplets emitted by infected individuals (also asymptomatic) is controversial. It was suggested that outdoor airborne transmission could play a role in determining the differences observed in the spread rate. Concentrations of virus-laden aerosol are still poorly known and contrasting results are reported, especially for outdoor environments. Here we investigated outdoor concentrations and size distributions of virus-laden aerosol simultaneously collected during the pandemic, in May 2020, in northern (Veneto) and southern (Apulia) regions of Italy. The two regions exhibited significantly different prevalence of COVID-19. Genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 (RNA) was determined, using both real time RT-PCR and ddPCR, in air samples collected using PM10 samplers and cascade impactors able to separate 12 size ranges from nanoparticles (diameter D < 0.056 µm) up to coarse particles (D > 18 µm). Air samples tested negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at both sites, viral particles concentrations were <0.8 copies m-3 in PM10 and <0.4 copies m-3 in each size range investigated. Outdoor air in residential and urban areas was generally not infectious and safe for the public in both northern and southern Italy, with the possible exclusion of very crowded sites. Therefore, it is likely that outdoor airborne transmission does not explain the difference in the spread of COVID-19 observed in the two Italian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chirizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Conte
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Feltracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia (Mestre), Italy
| | - A Dinoi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Gregoris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia (Mestre), Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice (Mestre), Italy
| | - E Barbaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia (Mestre), Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice (Mestre), Italy
| | - G La Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Ciccarese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - G La Salandra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia, Italy.
| | - A Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia (Mestre), Italy.
| | - D Contini
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, Lecce, Italy.
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Merico E, Conte M, Grasso FM, Cesari D, Gambaro A, Morabito E, Gregoris E, Orlando S, Alebić-Juretić A, Zubak V, Mifka B, Contini D. Comparison of the impact of ships to size-segregated particle concentrations in two harbour cities of northern Adriatic Sea. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115175. [PMID: 32683088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed information on in-harbour shipping contribution to size segregated particles in coastal cities are scarce, especially in the busy Mediterranean basin. This poses issues for human exposure and air quality in urban harbour agglomerates, where only criteria pollutants (i.e. PM10 and/or PM2.5) are usually monitored. In this work, particle number and mass size distributions, in a large size range (0.01-31 μm), were obtained in two coastal cities of northern Adriatic Sea: Venice (Italy) and Rijeka (Croatia). Three size ranges were investigated: nanoparticles (diameter D < 0.25 μm); fine particles (0.25<D < 1 μm), and coarse particles (D > 1 μm). Absolute concentrations were larger in Venice for all size ranges showing, using analysis of daily trends, a large influence of local meteorology and boundary-layer dynamics. Contribution of road transport was larger (in relative terms) in Rijeka compared to Venice. The highest contributions of shipping were in Venice, mainly because of the larger ship traffic. Maximum impact was on nanoparticles 7.4% (Venice) and 1.8% (Rijeka), the minimum was on fine range 1.9% (Venice) and <0.2% (Rijeka) and intermediate values were found in the coarse fraction 1.8% (Venice) and 0.5% (Rijeka). Contribution of shipping to mass concentration was not distinguishable from uncertainty in Rijeka (<0.2% for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) and was about 2% in Venice. Relative contributions as function of particles size show remarkable similitudes: a maximum for nanoparticles, a quick decrease and a successive secondary maximum (2-3 times lower than the first) in the fine range. For larger diameters, the relative contributions reach a minimum at 1-1.5 μm and there is a successive increase in the coarse range. Size distributions showed a not negligible contribution of harbour emissions to nanoparticle and fine particle number concentrations, compared to PM2.5 or PM10, indicating them as a better metric to monitor shipping impacts compared to mass concentrations (PM2.5 or PM10).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merico
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy.
| | - M Conte
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - F M Grasso
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Cesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - A Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - E Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - E Gregoris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - S Orlando
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - A Alebić-Juretić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - V Zubak
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Krešimirova 52a, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - B Mifka
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - D Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
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Corami F, Rosso B, Roman M, Picone M, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Evidence of small microplastics (<100 μm) ingestion by Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas): A novel method of extraction, purification, and analysis using Micro-FTIR. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 160:111606. [PMID: 32905909 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are present in fresh, brackish, or marine waters. Micro- and macroinvertebrates can mistake MPs or small microplastics (SMPs, <100 μm) to be food particles and easily ingest them according to the size of their mouthparts. SMPs may then block the passage of food through the intestinal tract (i.e. hepatopancreas), accumulate within the organism, and enter the food web. Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are allochthonous filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, which have been introduced in coastal seas around the world in both natural banks and farms. Considering their economic and ecological value, these bivalves have been chosen as a model to study the ingestion of SMPs. A novel method for the extraction and purification of SMPs in bivalves was developed. Quantification and simultaneous polymer identification of SMPs using Micro-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) were performed, with a limit of detection for the particle size of 5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - B Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - M Roman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - M Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - A Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - C Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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Mahon C, Davis A, Gambaro A, Musella F, Costam A, Nicol E, Duncan A, Mirsadraee S. Feasibility Of Quantifying Individual Aortic Leaflet Calcification And It’S Association With Paravalvular Regurgitation And Conduction Abnormalities In Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Padoan S, Zappi A, Adam T, Melucci D, Gambaro A, Formenton G, Popovicheva O, Nguyen DL, Schnelle-Kreis J, Zimmermann R. Organic molecular markers and source contributions in a polluted municipality of north-east Italy: Extended PCA-PMF statistical approach. Environ Res 2020; 186:109587. [PMID: 32668546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exceeding the maximum levels for environmental pollutants creates public and scientific interest for the environmental and human health impact it may have. In Northern Italy, the Po Valley, and in particular the Veneto region, is still a hotspot for air quality improvement. Several monitoring campaigns were carried out in this area to acquire information about sources of pollutants which are considered critical. For the first time, a deep study of the aerosol organic fraction was performed in the town Sernaglia della Battaglia, nearby Treviso. During three seasons of 2017, PM1 and PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously. Organic molecular markers have been analyzed by in-situ derivatization thermal desorption gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS). Alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxi-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anhydrous sugars, resins acids, triterpenoids, and acids were considered. The organic chemical composition has been analyzed based on seasonal variation and source contributions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) have been combined to deeply investigate the main sources of particulate organic matter. On the one hand, PCA evaluates the correlations between the organic markers and their seasonal distribution. On the other hand, the source contributions to aerosol composition are estimated by PMF. Four main emission sources were found by PMF: solid fuel combustion (coal, wood), combustion of petroleum distillates (gas and fuel oil) and exhaust gases of vehicles, industrial combustion processes, home heating, and forest fires are evaluated as the most important sources for the air quality and pollution in this municipality of Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Padoan
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Zappi
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas Adam
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gianni Formenton
- Department of Regional Laboratories, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of Veneto, Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Dac-Loc Nguyen
- CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, D-18051, Rostock, Germany; Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
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Argiriadis E, Martino M, Segnana M, Poto L, Vecchiato M, Battistel D, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Multi-proxy biomarker determination in peat: Optimized extraction and cleanup method for paleoenvironmental application. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vecchiato M, Gambaro A, Kehrwald NM, Ginot P, Kutuzov S, Mikhalenko V, Barbante C. The Great Acceleration of fragrances and PAHs archived in an ice core from Elbrus, Caucasus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10661. [PMID: 32606351 PMCID: PMC7327048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great Acceleration of the anthropogenic impact on the Earth system is marked by the ubiquitous distribution of anthropogenic materials throughout the global environment, including technofossils, radionuclides and the exponential increases of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations. However, personal care products as direct tracers of human domestic habits are often overlooked. Here, we present the first research combining fragrances, as novel personal care products, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as combustion and industrial markers, across the onset of the Great Acceleration in the Elbrus, Caucasus, ice core. This archive extends from the 1930s to 2005, spanning the profound changes in the relationship between humans and the environment during the twentieth century. Concentrations of both fragrances and PAHs rose throughout the considered period, reflecting the development of the Anthropocene. However, within this rising trend, remarkable decreases of the tracers track the major socioeconomic crises that occurred in Eastern Europe during the second half of the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy. .,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 980, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Patrick Ginot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, G-INP, Institut Des Géosciences de L'Environnement (IGE), 38402, Grenoble, France
| | - Stanislav Kutuzov
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119017
| | | | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Merico E, Grasso FM, Cesari D, Decesari S, Belosi F, Manarini F, De Nuntiis P, Rinaldi M, Gambaro A, Morabito E, Contini D. Characterisation of atmospheric pollution near an industrial site with a biogas production and combustion plant in southern Italy. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137220. [PMID: 32092819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although biogas production can have some benefits, there is a research gap on potential influence of biogas plant emissions on local air quality, thus an accurate and comprehensive evaluation of impacts of this technology is needed. This study deals with this issue by means of a characterisation of air pollution near an industrial area including a biogas production (from biomass) and combustion plant located in South Italy. The methodology consists in advanced statistical analysis on concentration of gaseous pollutants, particles concentration and size distribution in number and mass, and PM2.5 chemical composition. High-temporal resolution measurements, supported by ancillary meteorological parameters, and source apportionment of PM2.5 using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model, are performed. The integrated approach provides the emissive picture consisting in different anthropogenic sources (i.e. traffic, biomass burning, and industrial facilities) with particular focus on biogas plant emissions. Results showed that CO and nitrogen oxides were influenced by vehicular traffic and biomass combustion, however, a contribution of the plant to NO was observed. SO2 was influenced mainly by transport from the industrial zone, but a second local contribution compatible with the emissions of the biogas plant was detected. Number particle concentrations were analysed in four size ranges: nanoparticles (D < 0.05 μm), ultrafine particles (D < 0.3 μm), accumulation (0.3 < D < 1 μm) and coarse particles (D > 1 μm). Nanoparticles and ultrafine particles were mainly influenced by vehicular traffic and biomass burning, instead, a contribution of the plant was individuated in the accumulation mode. PMF5 identified the contribution of six sources: crustal (14.7% ± 2.1% of measured PM2.5); marine aerosol (aged) (12.9% ± 2.3%); biomass burning (32.8% ± 1.4%); secondary sulphate (19.7% ± 2.4%); primary industrial emissions (5.4% ± 2.3%); traffic and secondary nitrate (17.0% ± 3.9%). The plant is likely to contribute to both sources, the industrial and the traffic plus secondary nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merico
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - F M Grasso
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Cesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Belosi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Manarini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - P De Nuntiis
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - E Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Corami F, Morabito E, Gambaro A, Cescon P, Libralato G, Picone M, Ghirardini AV, Barbante C. Geospeciation, toxicological evaluation, and hazard assessment of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:15565-15583. [PMID: 32078131 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the hazard assessment of dredging and disposal of sediments, an in-depth chemical and toxicological characterization of sediments was carried out in Venice Lagoon. The bioaccessible and mobile concentration of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments (in the Holocene-Pleistocene limit) can deeply affect the quality of the aquatic ecosystem. Geospeciation and total concentration of trace elements in sediment cores were assessed and several toxicological tests were carried out. The indices of contamination (e.g., geochemical accumulation index, Igeo, pollution load index, PLI) and of speciation (individual contamination factor, ICF and global contamination factor, GCF) were evaluated. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed to explore possible significant correlations between toxicity data and sediment chemistry. Results underlined that the total concentration of trace elements cannot adequately assess the hazard, while bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of trace elements allow a thorough evaluation of the environmental threats. The integration of results from chemical characterization ex ante and toxicity assays will provide for a better sustainable handling and management of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Paolo Cescon
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Studies Federico II in Naples, via Cinthia-Building 7, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Anna Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venezia-Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Sfriso AA, Tomio Y, Rosso B, Gambaro A, Sfriso A, Corami F, Rastelli E, Corinaldesi C, Mistri M, Munari C. Microplastic accumulation in benthic invertebrates in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Environ Int 2020; 137:105587. [PMID: 32097803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination of the benthic invertebrate fauna in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) was determined. Twelve macrobenthic species, characterized by different feeding strategies, were selected at 3 sampling sites at increasing distance from the Italian Scientific Base (Mario Zucchelli, Camp Icarus, Adelie Cove). The 83% of the analyzed macrobenthic species contained microplastics (0.01-3.29 items mg-1). The size of the particles, measured by Feret diameter, ranged from 33 to 1000 µm with the highest relative abundance between 50 and 100 µm. Filter-feeders and grazers displayed values of microplastic contamination from 3 to 5 times higher than omnivores and predators, leading to the hypothesis that there is no evident bioaccumulation through the food web. The prevalent polymers identified by micro-FTIR were nylon (86%) and polyethylene (5%); other polymers identified in Antarctic benthos were polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polystyrene resin and XT polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yari Tomio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Adriano Sfriso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences DISVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Tedeschi S, Spolaor A, Turetta C, Vecchiato M, Morabito E, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Interannual variability of sugars in Arctic aerosol: Biomass burning and biogenic inputs. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:136089. [PMID: 31864999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and particle-size distribution of sugars in Arctic aerosol samples were studied to investigate their potential sources and transport. Sugars are constituents of the water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) fraction in aerosol particles where some saccharides are used as tracers of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAPs). Monosaccharides (arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose, xylose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose, lactulose), alcohol-sugars (erythritol, mannitol, ribitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, galactitol) and anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan) were quantified in aerosol samples collected during three different sampling campaigns (spring and summer 2013, spring 2014 and 2015). The mean total concentrations of sugars were 0.4 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 0.6 ng m-3 for 2013, 2014 and 2015 spring campaigns, while the mean concentration increased to 3 ± 3 ng m-3 in the summer of 2013. This work identified a reproducibility in the sugars trend during spring, while the summer data in 2013 allowed to us to demonstrate strong local inputs when the ground was free of snow and ice. Furthermore, the study aims to show that the two specific ratios of sorbitol & galactiol to arabinose were diagnostic for the type of biomass that was burnt. This study demonstrates that not only is long-range atmospheric transport significant. But depending on seasonality, local inputs can also play an important role in the chemical composition of sugars in Arctic aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Silvia Tedeschi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
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Zangrando R, Zanella V, Karroca O, Barbaro E, Kehrwald NM, Battistel D, Morabito E, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Dissolved organic matter in the deep TALDICE ice core: A nano-UPLC-nano-ESI-HRMS method. Sci Total Environ 2020; 700:134432. [PMID: 31693954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic compounds in deep ice cores supply important paleoclimatic information. Untargeted analyses of dissolved organic matter provide an overview of molecular species in ice samples however, sample volumes usually required for these analyses are generally not available from deep ice cores. Here, we developed an analytical method using a nano-UPLC-nano-ESI-HRMS to detect major molecular species in ice cores. Samples (4 µL) from the TALos Dome Ice CorE (TALDICE), allowed investigating molecular species across a range of depths including during glacial and interglacial periods. We detected 317 chemical species that were tentatively assigned to fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and their degradation products (oxo-fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids), as well as oxidation byproducts of isoprene and monoterpenes. These compounds indicate that the main sources of the organic fraction are microbes as well as primary and secondary aerosols. Interglacial samples encompass a wide range of species including compounds from the oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes as well as unsaturated fatty acids, while the glacial samples contained less diverse species. This difference may be due to decreased temperatures during the glacial period inhibiting terrestrial vegetation growth and increasing the sea ice extent, thereby weakening the emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Veronica Zanella
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Ornela Karroca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver Federal Center, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, VE, Italy
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49
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Corami F, Rosso B, Bravo B, Gambaro A, Barbante C. A novel method for purification, quantitative analysis and characterization of microplastic fibers using Micro-FTIR. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124564. [PMID: 31472348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pose a worldwide risk for the environment. Microplastic fibers, which are released during the household washing of synthetic fabrics, are a substantial percentage of microplastics in rivers and in oceans. A novel quantification and simultaneous identification of fiber polymers via Micro-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was developed. Washing simulations with commercially available household products were performed and effluents were filtered either on GF/F filters (0.7 μm) or on Anodisc filter (0.2 μm), to gather even the smallest fibers. Furthermore, a novel purification procedure of effluents was developed. Subsequently, filters were analyzed also with the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to confirm the width and length of fibers. This novel method is robust and replicable and it allows better quantification of fibers released and identification of fiber polymers with optimal matches (averagely 80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Spa, Strada Rivoltana, 20090 Rodano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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50
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Merico E, Cesari D, Dinoi A, Gambaro A, Barbaro E, Guascito MR, Giannossa LC, Mangone A, Contini D. Inter-comparison of carbon content in PM 10 and PM 2.5 measured with two thermo-optical protocols on samples collected in a Mediterranean site. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29334-29350. [PMID: 31396867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest is focusing on different approaches for characterising organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC), although EUSAAR2 protocol has been established and frequently used in EU for regulatory purposes. Discrepancies are observed due to thermal protocols used for OC/EC determinations and the effect of the chemical-physical properties of aerosol using optical measurements for eBC. In this work, a long-term inter-comparison of carbon measurements with two widely used protocols (EUSAAR2 and NIOSH870) was performed on PM2.5 and PM10 samples. The influence of the protocol on the evaluation of secondary organic aerosol (SOC) and on the correlation between EC and eBC was investigated. An extensive check of repeatability gave typical uncertainties of ~ 5% for TC and OC, and ~ 10% for EC for both thermal protocols. Results show that OC is statistically comparable between the two protocols but EC is significantly higher with EUSAAR2, especially during the warm season. The ratio OC/EC is lower with EUSAAR2, also showing a seasonality (lower values in the warm season) not observed with NIOSH870. Despite the differences in OC/EC ratios, the contribution of SOC to OC (~ 50%), evaluated using the EC-tracer method, did not differ significantly between the two protocols and for both size fractions. Further, SOC/OC ratios were comparable in cold and warm periods. eBC/EC ratios larger than one for both protocols were obtained, 1.62 (EUSAAR2) and 1.92 (NIOSH870), and also correlated with the ratio OC/EC for both protocols, especially in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Merico
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cesari
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Adelaide Dinoi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Maria R Guascito
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorena C Giannossa
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarosa Mangone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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