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Ouakhssase A, Jalal M, Addi EA. Pesticide contamination pattern from Morocco, insights into the surveillance situation and health risk assessment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:313. [PMID: 38416294 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of pesticides in Morocco's agriculture renders their monitoring in food and environmental samples very necessary. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in reporting studies related to the monitoring of pesticide residues in food, water, groundwater, and soil as well as their quantitative health risk assessment. Most published studies have been done by university researchers. However, the lack of research reproducibility remains a problem that considerably limits the possibility of exploiting data from the literature. Our study involves an extensive literature review utilizing search engines with keywords like "pesticide residues," "monitoring," "vegetables and fruits," "water and soil," "risk assessment," and "Morocco" from 2009 to 2023. Analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples highlights concerns over compliance with EU regulations, the health risks associated with pesticide exposure, and the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment strategies. This paper could help influence policies to develop a strategy and action plan for the sound management of pesticides, including measures to reduce their use, raise awareness, and monitor compliance. Also, this paper could be useful for scientists interested in understanding the current situation and challenges regarding pesticide residues in Morocco, as well as countries with which commercial links exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Laboratoire des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco.
| | - Mariam Jalal
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire (LBCGM), Faculté des sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Ouakhssase A, Ait Addi E. Monitoring 432 potential pesticides in tomatoes produced and commercialized in Souss Massa region-Morocco, using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122611. [PMID: 37769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we monitored 432 pesticide residues in 39 tomato samples (cherry tomato) obtained from local markets in Souss Massa region-Morocco. We used a QuEChERS combined with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and the method was validated based on SANTE 11312/2021 guideline. The limits of quantification (LOQ) obtained for most of the pesticides analyzed are at the limit with default EU MRLs or well below other EU MRLs. Recoveries (between 70 and 120%) and RSDs (≤20%) are satisfactory for more than 95% of the analytes at spiking level of 0.01 mg/kg and more than 97% at 0.1 mg/kg. The results indicated that 22 out of 39 tomato samples are positives and the most of our samples had levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) with average concentrations between 0.011 and 0.156 mg/kg. The most found pesticides were azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in tomato (7 samples). Only buprofezin (0.095 mg/kg) was found above the EU MRLs (0.01 mg/kg). Also, banned pesticides namely benalaxyl, spirodiclofen and imidacloprid have been detected. The results of our study confirm the previous findings and gives insights on the occurrence of different pesticides in tomato samples from Souss Massa region-Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Santos LMM, Nascimento MM, Borges SDS, Bomfim E, Macedo VDJ, Silva LA. Green photocatalytic remediation of Fenthion using composites with natural red clay and non-toxic metal oxides with visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:118-129. [PMID: 34344269 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1964611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, composites with non-toxic metal oxides, such as TiO2 and ZnO, and a natural red clay (taua) reach in hematite were used in the photocatalytic degradation of Fenthion. The composite TiO2/Taua (0.5:1 wt. ratio) and pure TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method while ZnO/Taua (0.5:1 wt. ratio) and pure ZnO were prepared by Pechini method. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and DRS. The anatase phase was formed in both pure TiO2 and TiO2/Taua, while the hexagonal phase was formed in pure ZnO and ZnO/Taua. The bandgap energies for the two composites were narrowed compared to the respective pure oxides as consequence of the hematite (α-Fe2O3, Eg = 2.1 eV) in the red clay, reaching 2.1 eV for TiO2/Taua and 2.0 eV for ZnO/Taua, while the bandgap energies for pure TiO2 and ZnO were 3.2 and 3.0 eV, respectively. Fenthion was not degraded in the dark, but the concentration droped 20% after 180 min under visible light irradiation without photocatalyst and 60% after 210 min in the presence of the pure red clay. Both TiO2/Taua and ZnO/Taua composites were also photocatalytic active to degrade Fenthion (λ > 420 nm), with degradation of 78% (in 180 min) and 85% (in 210 min) respectively. In the optimized conditions (pH 2, 100 mg L-1 of H2O2 and 30 mg L-1 of Fenthion), the ZnO/Taua composite was the most efficient, reaching 89% degradation in up to 30 min, with Fenthion sulfoxide as the degradation product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madson M Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Elton Bomfim
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Almeida Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Choubbane H, Ouakhssase A, Chahid A, Taourirte M, Aamouche A. Pesticides in fruits and vegetables from the Souss Massa region, Morocco. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:79-88. [PMID: 35076356 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2028196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This survey reports the monitoring of multi-pesticide residues of some fruits and vegetables sold in the local markets, sampled in 2018-2019, in the Souss Massa region in Morocco. A QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method for 202 pesticides, belonging to different classes (carbamates, organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides) was applied and 51 samples were randomly bought from the local market, belonging to different products (tomato, cucumber, coriander, apricot, parsley, potato, zucchini, green bean, lettuce, strawberry and orange) and analysed for pesticide residues, which were detected in 69% of the samples, below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for some pesticides which represent 14% of the targeted compounds. The most frequently detected compounds were acetamiprid, acibenzolar-s-methyl, abamectin, azoxystrobin, bifenazate, bitertanol, bromuconazole, butoxycarboxim, cyromazine, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluometuron, linuron, metaflumizone, metconazole, metribuzin, myclobutanil, pirimicarb, pyraclostrobin, propamocarb, rotenone, trichlorfon, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, thiamethoxam and thiophanate-methyl. The obtained results provide a value to the situation of pesticide residues in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Choubbane
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Systèmes et Applications (LISA), Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz-Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé (LRDDS), Faculté des Sciences et Technique Gueliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Equipe Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'agadir, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Adil Chahid
- Laboratoire Régional d'analyses et de Recherche Agadir (LRARA), Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé (LRDDS), Faculté des Sciences et Technique Gueliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Aamouche
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Systèmes et Applications (LISA), Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Guéliz-Marrakech, Morocco
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Rapid Quantitative Determination of Multiple Pesticide Residues in Mango Fruits by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid, acephate, and carbaryl are common insecticides that are extensively used in planting mango, a well-known fruit in Vietnam, to ease mango hopper issues. The accurate detection of pesticide residues is critical for mango export to meet quality criteria. This study developed a novel SERS platform by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to simulate the rose petal structure incorporated with a silver coating layer and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to detect imidacloprid, acephate, and carbaryl in mango fruits. In this paper, the rose petal PDMS/Ag-AgNPs replica was considered the most efficient substrate for SERS measurement with an EF of 4.7 × 107. The Raman spectra of the three insecticides obtained from the PDMS/Ag-AgNPs substrate were clearly observed with their characteristic peaks of 1105 cm−1 for imidacloprid, 1083 cm−1, and 1579 cm−1 for acephate, and 727 cm−1 and 1378 cm−1 for carbaryl. The application of PDMS/Ag-AgNPs substrate in quantitative analysis of the three pesticides in mango fruit was evaluated. As a result, the limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg for imidacloprid, 5 × 10−5 mg/kg for acephate, and 5 × 10−3 mg/kg for carbaryl. The SERS result also revealed that the pesticide residues in the mango sample were within an acceptable limit. This suggested the possibility of the rose petal PDMS/Ag-AgNPs replica for rapid quantification of pesticide residues not only in mango fruit but also in many other agricultural products.
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Marçal S, Pintado M. Mango peels as food ingredient / additive: nutritional value, processing, safety and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is one of the most popular sample preparation methods which can be applied to organic compounds allowing the simultaneous extraction and pre-concentration of analytes from the sample matrix. It is based on the partitioning of the analyte between the extracting phase, generally immobilized on a fiber substrate, and the matrix (water, air, etc.), and has numerous advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, low cost, ease of use and automation, and absence of toxic solvents. Fiber SPME has been widely used in combination with various analytical instrumentation even if most of the work has been done coupling the extraction technique with gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC). This manuscript presents an overview of the recent works (from 2010 to date) of solid phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography (SPME-LC) relevant to analytical applications performed using commercially available fibers or lab-made fibers already developed in previous papers, and to improved instrumental systems and approaches.
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Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles as matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction adsorbents for the analysis of thirty pesticides in vegetables by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1165:122532. [PMID: 33486214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) being used as single-matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) adsorbents for the extraction of 30 representative pesticides from vegetables. This study was aimed at analyzing the extracted samples using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Various condition parameters, such as the eluent, volume of the eluent, and amount of FNPs were optimized to achieve good sensitivity and precision for the elution and extraction of the analytes. The developed method was validated using matrices consisting of eight vegetables (lettuce, cucumber, carrot, tomato, pepper, shallot, Chinese flowering cabbage, and cabbage) spiked with 30 pesticides at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg. The recoveries of the 30 pesticides (organophosphorus, triazole, carbamate, nicotine, amide, and other different structures of pesticides) were in the range 71.0-110.8% (n = 5) (except those of prothioconazole and dinotefuran), with relative standard deviations lower than 13.5% in all the matrices under optimal conditions. The matrix effects were observed by comparing the slope of the matrix-matched standard calibration curve with that of the solvent. However, the matrix effects of the eight vegetables did not show evident regularities. For pepper, tomato, and shallot, a sizable number of pesticides (24, 21, and 21, respectively) showed suppressive matrix effects. On the other hand, for cucumber, Chinese flowering cabbage, and cabbage, a good number of pesticides (19, 18, and 15, respectively) showed negligible matrix effects. Furthermore, for carrot matrices, 21 pesticides showed a matrix enhancement effect. Excellent linearity was achieved at pesticide concentrations of 0.01-1.0 mg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) for the developed method reached 0.01 mg/kg (except that for dinotefuran, which was 0.1 mg/kg), based on the spiked test. The developed method was successfully employed in the analysis of real samples in Nanning, China, and three pesticide residues (halosulfuron methyl, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin) were commonly detected in vegetable samples. In the present study, a reliable method-validation performance and excellent cleanup effects were observed by using the modified MSPD method consisting of the FNPs in the cleanup step.
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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Bakırdere S. Nanoparticles Based Extraction Strategies for Accurate and Sensitive Determination of Different Pesticides. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1370-1385. [PMID: 33576246 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1876552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation methods have become indispensable steps in analytical measurements not only to lower the detection limit but also to eliminate the matrix effect although more sophisticated instruments are being commonly used in routine analyses. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the main extraction/preconcentration methods used to extract and purify target analytes along with simple and rapid procedures but some limitations have led to seek for an easy, sensitive and fast extraction methods with analyte-selective sorbents. Nanoparticles with different modifications have been used as spotlight to enhance extraction efficiency of target pesticides from complicated matrices. Carbon-based, metal and metal oxides, silica and polymer-based nanoparticles have been explored as promising sorbents for pesticide extraction. In this review, different types of nanoparticles used in the preconcentration of pesticides in various samples are outlined and examined. Latest studies in the literature are discussed in terms of their instrumental detection, sample matrix and limit of detection values. Novel strategies and future directions of nanoparticles used in the extraction and preconcentration of pesticides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Erarpat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara, Turkey
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Chen H, Shi Q, Fu H, Hu O, Fan Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Lan W, Sun D, Yang T, She Y. Rapid detection of five pesticide residues using complexes of gold nanoparticle and porphyrin combined with ultraviolet visible spectrum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4464-4473. [PMID: 32399965 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Pesticides are widely used to control insect infestation and weeds in agriculture. However, concerns about the pesticide residues in agricultural products have been raised in recent years because of public interest in health and food quality and safety. Thus, rapid, convenient, and accurate analytical methods for the detection and quantification of pesticides are urgently required. RESULTS A nanohybrid system composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridiniumyl) porphyrin (TMPyP) was used as an optical probe for the detection and quantification of five pesticides (Paraquat, Dipterex, Dursban, methyl thiophanate and Cartap). The method is based on the aggregation effect of pesticides on the carboxyl group modified by AuNPs. Subsequently, with the help of particle swarm optimization-optimized sample weighted least squares-support vector machine (PSO-OSWLS-SVM), all the pesticides could be successfully quantified. In addition, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied and the five pesticides were satisfactorily recognized based on data array obtained from the ultraviolet visible (UV-visible) spectra of AuNP-TMPyP complex. Furthermore, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the five pesticides could be also achieved in the complex real samples, in which all the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 0.3‰ and all the linear absolute correlation coefficients were more than 0.9990. Furthermore, recognition rate of the training set and the prediction set based on multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), or second-order derivative (2nd derivative) UV-visible spectra in PLS-DA model could reach 100%. CONCLUSION This method was successfully applied for the rapid and accurate determination of multicomponent pesticide residues in real food samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Chen
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ou Hu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lan
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Sun
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tianming Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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New method based on Solid Phase Microextraction and Multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine pesticides in strawberry jam. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Aptasensor based on fluorophore-quencher nano-pair and smartphone spectrum reader for on-site quantification of multi-pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:75-83. [PMID: 29886189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques for the detection of multi-pesticides are limited by technical complexity, sensitivity and cost. There is an urgent demand of developing new specific recognition elements and sensitive signal readouts for on-site monitoring. In this work, we developed a fluorescent aptamer-based lateral flow biosensor (apta-LFB) integrated with fluorophore-quencher nano-pairs and a smartphone spectrum reader to accomplish triple-target detection of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion. Aptamers serve as alternative recognition elements instead of antibodies in LFB, offering better specificity and stability. A novel fluorophore-quencher nano-pair (quantum dots nanobeads and gold nanostars) was implemented to perform "signal-on" instead of "signal-off". After optimization, detection limit of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion were determined to be 0.73 ng/mL, 6.7 ng/mL, and 0.74 ng/mL, respectively. Greatly increased sensitivity may come from the combination of improved signal and zero background. This innovative cascade strategy allowed to lower the detection limit of pesticides residue level in food, which is largely considered satisfactory. The accuracy and practicality of this design for effective on-site quantification of multi-pesticides were further confirmed using 12 vegetable and fruit samples. The estimated recoveries were between 82.4% and 112.8% in spiked vegetable samples, which indicated that the developed method is capable for detecting multi-pesticides in food samples. This sensitive handheld-system is promising to become a powerful tool for practical on-site application of multi-pesticide quantification procedures.
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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Mango Matrices by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Hao L, Li H, Lin JM. Fractional factorial design based microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine residues in tobacco by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:542-549. [PMID: 27863003 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is often the main bottleneck in analyzing biological samples. Particularly, effective evaluation of sample preparation conditions usually involves multiple factors and tedious and time-consuming experiments. In this study, fractional factorial design, specifically orthogonal array testing, was employed to screen and optimize multiple extraction parameters in concise but representative experiments. An efficient and sensitive method was developed to determine organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide residues in tobacco, via microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. With orthogonal array design, screening, and optimization tests were subsequently conducted to determine the range, impact rank, and possible interactions of extraction temperature, time, microwave power, additive salt, and additive water. Orthogonal array testing selectively reduces the size and cost of experiments and meanwhile provides more information compared to the traditional experimental design that optimizes one factor at a time. A good linear range (0.02-2.00 μg/mL), limits of detection (0.001-0.098 μg/mL), and recovery rates (70.4-107.1%) were demonstrated by spiking known concentrations of multiple pesticide standards in tobacco samples. The established method was then successfully applied to the determination of multipesticide residues in raw tobacco leaves and commercial cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Srivastava AK, Rai S, Srivastava MK, Lohani M, Mudiam MKR, Srivastava LP. Determination of 17 organophosphate pesticide residues in mango by modified QuEChERS extraction method using GC-NPD/GC-MS and hazard index estimation in Lucknow, India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96493. [PMID: 24809911 PMCID: PMC4014508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 162 samples of different varieties of mango: Deshehari, Langra, Safeda in three growing stages (Pre-mature, Unripe and Ripe) were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of seventeen organophosphate pesticide residues. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method of extraction coupled with gas chromatography was validated for pesticides and qualitatively confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated with different concentrations of mixture of seventeen organophosphate pesticides (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg kg(-1)) in mango. The average recovery varied from 70.20% to 95.25% with less than 10% relative standard deviation. The limit of quantification of different pesticides ranged from 0.007 to 0.033 mg kg(-1). Out of seventeen organophosphate pesticides only malathion and chlorpyriphos were detected. Approximately 20% of the mango samples have shown the presence of these two pesticides. The malathion residues ranged from ND-1.407 mg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ND-0.313 mg kg(-1) which is well below the maximum residues limit (PFA-1954). In three varieties of mango at different stages from unpeeled to peeled sample reduction of malathion and chlorpyriphos ranged from 35.48%-100% and 46.66%-100% respectively. The estimated daily intake of malathion ranged from 0.032 to 0.121 µg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ranged from zero to 0.022 µg kg(-1) body weight from three different stages of mango. The hazard indices ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0060 for malathion and zero to 0.0022 for chlorpyriphos. It is therefore indicated that seasonal consumption of these three varieties of mango may not pose any health hazards for the population of Lucknow, city, India because the hazard indices for malathion and chlorpyriphos residues were below to one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Satyajeet Rai
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - M. K. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - M. Lohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M. K. R. Mudiam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - L. P. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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Huang JX, Lu DH, Wan K, Wang FH. Low temperature purification method for the determination of abamectin and ivermectin in edible oils by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Yang C, Wang J, Li D. Microextraction techniques for the determination of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from plants: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 799:8-22. [PMID: 24091369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits are necessary for human health, and traditional Chinese medicine that uses plant materials can cure diseases. Thus, understanding the composition of plant matrix has gained increased attention in recent years. Since plant matrix is very complex, the extraction, separation and quantitation of these chemicals are challenging. In this review we focus on the microextraction techniques used in the determination of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, ketones, terpenes, sesquiterpene, phenols, acids, plant secondary metabolites and pesticides) from plants (e.g., fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, tree leaves, etc.). These microextraction techniques include: solid phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), single drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (DLLME), and gas purge microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE). We have taken into consideration papers published from 2008 to the end of January 2013, and provided critical and interpretative review on these techniques, and formulated future trends in microextraction for the determination of volatile and semivolatile compounds from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
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