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Gély C, Monneau YR, Hologne M, Faure K. Impact of conditioning runs on hydrophilic interaction chromatography repeatability and its application as a second dimension in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300935. [PMID: 38801757 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A common separation approach for polar compounds involves coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) in two-dimensional chromatography. The higher proportion of acetonitrile used in the HILIC mobile phase, which enhances mass spectrometry detection, encourages its use in the second dimension. Previous studies demonstrated that the HILIC column can be partially equilibrated within very short timeframes without compromising retention time stability, rendering it suitable in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) setups. In addition, a specific number of conditioning cycles seems necessary to establish stable retention times. Here, the repeatability of HILIC when employed as second dimension in LC×LC was investigated, with a focus on determining the required number of conditioning cycles to achieve repeatable retention times. Various parameters influenced by the LC×LC online modulation system were studied, such as steep gradient slopes up to 8%, and very short equilibration times, less than or equal to dead time, as well as injection volume and solvent, which depend on the first dimension. Finally, the use of HILIC as a second dimension with tailored conditioning runs was applied to the analysis of hyaluronic acid hydrogel digests. The application of an RPLC×HILIC method using five conditioning runs yielded exceptional stability in second-dimension retention times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gély
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoan R Monneau
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maggy Hologne
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
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2
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Wilkinson C, Brooks J, Stander MA, Malgas R, Roodt-Wilding R, Makunga NP. Metabolomic profiling of wild rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) ecotypes and their antioxidant-derived phytopharmaceutical potential. Metabolomics 2024; 20:45. [PMID: 38615312 PMCID: PMC11016507 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspalathus linearis (commonly known as rooibos) is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is a popular herbal drink and skin phytotherapeutic ingredient, with health benefits derived primarily from its unique phenolic content. Several, seemingly habitat-specific ecotypes from the Cederberg (Western Cape) and Northern Cape have morphological, ecological, genetic and biochemical differences. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Despite the commercial popularity of the cultivated variety, the uncultivated ecotypes are largely understudied. To address gaps in knowledge about the biochemical constituency, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of fifteen populations was performed, enabling high-throughput metabolomic fingerprinting of 50% (v/v) methanolic extracts. Antioxidant screening of selected populations was performed via three assays and antimicrobial activity on two microbial species was assessed. The metabolomic results were corroborated with total phenolic and flavonoid screening of the extracts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Site-specific chemical lineages of rooibos ecotypes were confirmed via multivariate data analyses. Important features identified via PLS-DA disclosed higher relative abundances of certain tentative metabolites (e.g., rutin, aspalathin and apiin) present in the Dobbelaarskop, Blomfontein, Welbedacht and Eselbank sites, in comparison to other locations. Several unknown novel metabolites (e.g., m/z 155.0369, 231.0513, 443.1197, 695.2883) are responsible for metabolomic separation of the populations, four of which showed higher amounts of key metabolites and were thus selected for bioactivity analysis. The Welbedacht and Eselbank site 2 populations consistently displayed higher antioxidant activities, with 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of 679.894 ± 3.427 µmol Trolox/g dry matter and 635.066 ± 5.140 µmol Trolox/g dry matter, respectively, in correlation with a high number of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The contribution of the individual metabolites to the pharmacological effectiveness of rooibos remains unknown and as such, further structural elucidation and phytopharmacological testing is thus urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wilkinson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - J Brooks
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - M A Stander
- Department of Biochemistry, and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - R Malgas
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - R Roodt-Wilding
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - N P Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa.
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Omolaoye TS, Skosana BT, du Plessis SS. The effect of Aspalathin linearis, Cyclopia intermedia and Sutherlandia frutescene on sperm functional parameters of healthy male wistar rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211227. [PMID: 37351256 PMCID: PMC10282539 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rooibos (Aspalathin linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), and sutherlandia (Sutherlandia frutescene) are three Southern Africa indigenous plants, of which the extracts have become house-hold items and are consumed on a large scale. Although, they are known for their antioxidant properties, studies have highlighted danger in the excessive intake. Therefore, the current study investigated whether treatment with rooibos, honeybush, and sutherlandia will impact sperm functional parameters positively or otherwise, in healthy rats. Methods: Fourteen-week-old pathogen-free adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into four groups of ten, including a control, rooibos (RF), honeybush (HB) and a sutherlandia (SL) group. After 7 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Spermatozoa were retrieved from the cauda epididymis for motility, morphology and concentration analysis and the testis was used for all biochemical assays. Results: The infusion treated animals (RF, HB, and SL) presented with a non-significant decrease of -14.3%, -18.2%, -17.2% and -24.8%, -20.7%, -27.3% in total motility and progressive motility when compared to the control group, respectively. There was a significant increase in number of spermatozoa with slow speed (p = 0.03), especially in SL treated group compared to the control (p = 0.03). Additionally, there was an increase of 28.8%, 31.7%, 23% in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of RF, HB and SL compared to control, respectively. This was accompanied with a percentage decrease of -21.1%, -23.7%, 45.9% in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: In summary, animals treated with the respective infusions presented with a percentage increase in SOD activity but have reduced sperm motility and decreased normal morphology. Paradoxically, they presented with increased sperm concentration. Hence, it is presumed that rooibos, honeybush and sutherlandia may enhance sperm quantity (concentration) but may impair sperm quality (motility morphology) when consumed by healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongekile T. Skosana
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Abdul NS, Marnewick JL. What Has Been the Focus of Rooibos Health Research? A Bibliometric Overview. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chemical Fingerprinting Profile and Targeted Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis) and Dietary Supplements Using UHPLC-PDA-MS. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren, commonly known as rooibos tea, was consumed traditionally by the indigenous South African inhabitants as an herbal remedy. Beside antioxidant properties, it displays antiallergic, antispasmodic, and hypoglycemic activities. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors were developed for the determination of 14 phenolic constituents from leaves and stems of A. linearis. The efficient separation was performed within 30 min at a temperature of 30 °C by using C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. Method validation for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification was achieved. The limits of detection from 0.2–1 μg/mL were reported for the standard compounds. Their total content varied substantially (1.50–9.85 mg/100 mg sample) in 21 dietary supplements. The presence of regioisomers and diastereomers which co-elute on a variety of stationary phases make separation for quantification purposes challenging. This method was found to be efficient in providing low retention times and excellent resolution for this type of phytochemicals. The established method is suitable for chemical fingerprint analysis of A. linearis and cost-effective for quality control of rooibos tea products.
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Chapel S, Heinisch S. Strategies to circumvent the solvent strength mismatch problem in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:7-26. [PMID: 34525266 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
On-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography is a powerful technique for the separation of highly complex samples. Due to the addition of the second dimension of separation, impressive peak capacities can be obtained within a reasonable analysis time compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. In online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography, the separation power is maximized by selecting two separation dimensions as orthogonal as possible, which most often requires the combination of different mobile phases and stationary phases. The online transfer of a given solvent from the first dimension to the second dimension may cause severe injection effects in the second dimension, mostly due to solvent strength mismatch. Those injection effects may include peak broadening, peak distortion, peak splitting or breakthrough phenomenon. They are often found to reduce significantly the peak capacity and the peak intensity. To overcome such effects, arising specifically in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography, different methods have been developed over the years. In this review, we focused on the most recently reported ones. A critical discussion, supported by a theoretical approach, gives an overview of their advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Chapel
- Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
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Walters NA, de Beer D, de Villiers A, Danton O, Hamburger M, Joubert E. Comprehensive off-line CCC × LC-DAD-MS separation of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. phenolic compounds and structural elucidation of isolated compounds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:347-361. [PMID: 32803806 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The minor phenolic constituents of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. are unknown and one dimensional (1D) liquid chromatography (LC) is unable to provide sufficient separation. METHODOLOGY A two-dimensional (2D) LC method incorporating normal-phasehigh performance countercurrent chromatography (NP-HPCCC) in the first dimension (1 D) and reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) as the second dimension (2 D) was developed. The analytical HPCCC method was subsequently scaled up to semi-preparative mode and fractions pooled based on phenolic sub-groups. The phenolic compounds in selected fractions were subsequently isolated using RP-HPLC on a C18 column. Isolated compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of compounds were determined by optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Sugars were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. RESULTS The comprehensive off-line 2D CCC × LC method gave a good spread of the phenolic compounds. Orthogonality calculated using both the convex hull and conditional entropy methods were 81%. High-resolution mass spectrometric fragmentation spectra obtained from a quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectral data were used to (tentatively) identify 32 phenolic compounds from the analytical CCC fractions. Of the seven isolated compounds, (2S)-5-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]eriodictyol (3) and (2S)-5-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan (4) were newly identified in all plants. The other isolated compounds were identified as (2S)-5-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]naringenin (1), R-neo-eriocitrin (2), 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-Z-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (6) and 4-(4'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone (7). CONCLUSIONS Among the 32 compounds (tentatively) identified, only six were previously identified in Cyclopia pubescens using 1D LC. Most of the isolated compounds were also identified for the first time in Cyclopia spp., improving the knowledge of the minor phenolic compounds of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico A Walters
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ombeline Danton
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Cacciola F, Arena K, Mandolfino F, Donnarumma D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Reversed phase versus hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as first dimension of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems for the elucidation of the polyphenolic content of food and natural products. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462129. [PMID: 33864987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography is a well-established method for the unraveling of very complex real-world samples. With regard to food and natural products such a technique turned out to be a very promising approach due to its high resolving power and improved identification capability, especially in combination with mass spectrometry. In this context, polyphenols comprise a particular complex class of bioactive compounds, due to their nature and content in commonly consumed foodstuffs, making their analysis challenging. The present contribution shows an overview of the two commonly employed approaches used for polyphenol analysis, viz. RP-LC × RP-LC and HILIC × RP-LC. Furthermore, the latest implementations as well as limitations and future perspectives are critically reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Katia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Mandolfino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Donnarumma
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Zhao H, Lai CJS, Yu Y, Wang YN, Zhao YJ, Ma F, Hu M, Guo J, Wang X, Guo L. Acidic hydrolysate fingerprints based on HILIC-ELSD/MS combined with multivariate analysis for investigating the quality of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:476-484. [PMID: 32593759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary study, the acidic hydrolysate fingerprints of polysaccharides based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection-electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC-ELSD/ESI-TOF/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was developed and applied to investigate the quality of Ganoderma lucidum from different regions. Projection-to-latent-structure discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) could distinguish samples of Zhejiang regions from those of other regions. Orthogonal-projection-to-latent-structure discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) provided clear discrimination between G. lucidum samples cultivated in Zhejiang and that from other regions, in which Polysaccharides and D-galactose could be considered as candidate biomarkers. In addition, the intraspecific differentiation of G. lucidum was preliminarily investigated with samples from Shaanxi region. They were classified into four groups by PCA and PLS-DA, in which L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and mannose were considered as potential chemical markers. These preliminary results contributed to our understanding of the variance of polysaccharides in Ganoderma spp. from different geographic origins and the intraspecific differentiation from the same region, which suggest great potential in the quality control of Ganoderma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Minghua Hu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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Cacciola F, Rigano F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography as a powerful tool for the analysis of food and food products. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Hu D, Li Y, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Huang S, Li J, Li Z, Duan Y, Chen Y, Xia J. Online high-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography × low-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with pulse elution gradient in the first dimension for the analysis of alkaloids in Macleaya cordata (willd.) R. Br. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1423-1430. [PMID: 32003152 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An online high-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography× low-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with pulse elution gradient in the first dimension was constructed to separate and identify alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (willd.) R. Br. The modulation was performed by using a dual second dimensional columns interface combined with a make-up dilution pump, which is responsible for dilution and neutralization of the first dimensional effluent, and the dual second dimensional columns integrated the trapping and the separation function to reduce the second dimension system dead volume. Taking advantage of the dissociable characteristics of alkaloids, mobile phases with different pH values were applied in the first dimension (pH 9.0) and the second dimension (pH 2.6) to improve the orthogonality of two-dimension separation. Besides, the pulse elution gradient in first dimension and second dimensional gradient were carefully optimized and much better separation was achieved compared to the separation with the traditional two-dimensional liquid chromatography approach. Finally, mass measurement was performed for alkaloids in M. cordata (willd.) R. Br. by coupling proposed two-dimensional liquid chromatography system with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and 39 alkaloids were successfully identified by comparing the obtained result with the former reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuandong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Xia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Research and Development of Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, P. R. China
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De Vos J, Dams M, Broeckhoven K, Desmet G, Horstkotte B, Eeltink S. Prototyping of a Microfluidic Modulator Chip and Its Application in Heart-Cut Strong-Cation-Exchange-Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Nanoelectrospray Mass Spectrometry for Targeted Proteomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2388-2392. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Dams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Montero L, Herrero M. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography approaches in Foodomics – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1083:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Damiani E, Carloni P, Rocchetti G, Senizza B, Tiano L, Joubert E, de Beer D, Lucini L. Impact of Cold versus Hot Brewing on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) Herbal Tea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E499. [PMID: 31640245 PMCID: PMC6826389 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) as herbal tea is growing in popularity worldwide and its health-promoting attributes are mainly ascribed to its phenolic composition, which may be affected by the brewing conditions used. An aspect so far overlooked is the impact of cold brewing vs regular brewing and microwave boiling on the poly(phenolic) profile and in vitro antioxidant capacity of infusions prepared from red ('fermented', oxidized) and green ('unfermented', unoxidized) rooibos, the purpose of the present study. By using an untargeted metabolomics-based approach (UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry), 187 phenolic compounds were putatively annotated in both rooibos types, with flavonoids, tyrosols, and phenolic acids the most represented type of phenolic classes. Multivariate statistics (OPLS-DA) highlighted the phenolic classes most affected by the brewing conditions. Similar antioxidant capacities (ORAC and ABTS assays) were observed between cold- and regular-brewed green rooibos and boiled-brewed red rooibos. However, boiling green and red rooibos delivered infusions with the highest antioxidant capacities and total polyphenol content. The polyphenol content strongly correlated with the in vitro antioxidant capacities, especially for flavonoids and phenolic acids. These results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the preparation method on the potential health benefits of rooibos tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Patricia Carloni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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15
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Brandão PF, Duarte AC, Duarte RM. Comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography for advancing environmental and natural products research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Iguiniz M, Corbel E, Roques N, Heinisch S. Quantitative aspects in on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography for pharmaceutical applications. Talanta 2019; 195:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Adamopoulou T, Nawada S, Deridder S, Wouters B, Desmet G, Schoenmakers PJ. Experimental and numerical study of band-broadening effects associated with analyte transfer in microfluidic devices for spatial two-dimensional liquid chromatography created by additive manufacturing. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:77-84. [PMID: 30929867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional one-dimensional column-based liquid chromatographic (LC) systems do not offer sufficient separation power for the analysis of complex mixtures. Column-based comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography offers a higher separation power, yet suffers from instrumental complexity and long analysis times. Spatial two-dimensional liquid chromatography can be considered as an alternative to column-based approaches. The peak capacity of the system is ideally the product of the peak capacities of the two dimensions, yet the analysis time remains relatively short due to parallel second-dimension separations. Aspects affecting the separation efficiency of this type of systems include flow distribution to homogeneously distribute the mobile phase for the second-dimension (2D) separation, flow confinement during the first-dimension (1D) separation, and band-broadening effects during analyte transfer from the 1D separation channel to the 2D separation area. In this study, the synergy between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and rapid prototyping was exploited to address band broadening during the 2D development and analyte transfer from 1D to 2D. Microfluidic devices for spatial two-dimensional liquid chromatography were designed, simulated, 3D-printed and tested. The effects of presence and thickness of spacers in the 2D separation area were addressed and leaving these out proved to be the most efficient solution regarding band broadening reduction. The presence of a stationary-phase material in the 1D channel had a great effect on the analyte transfer from the 1D to the 2D and the resulting band broadening. Finally, pressure limit of the fabricated devices and printability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Adamopoulou
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Suhas Nawada
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Deridder
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Wouters
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Jandera P, Hájek T, Šromová Z. Comprehensive two‐dimensional monolithic liquid chromatography of polar compounds. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:670-677. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šromová
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic
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19
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Muller M, Tredoux AGJ, de Villiers A. Application of Kinetically Optimised Online HILIC × RP-LC Methods Hyphenated to High Resolution MS for the Analysis of Natural Phenolics. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Jandera P, Hájek T. Mobile phase effects on the retention on polar columns with special attention to the dual hydrophilic interaction-reversed-phase liquid chromatography mechanism, a review. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:145-162. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
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21
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Muller CJF, Malherbe CJ, Chellan N, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Joubert E. Potential of rooibos, its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, and Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:227-246. [PMID: 27305453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan.,d Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa.,e Department of Food Science , Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland Stellenbosch , South Africa
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22
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Jandera P, Janás P. Recent advances in stationary phases and understanding of retention in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:12-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Sommella E, Ismail OH, Pagano F, Pepe G, Ostacolo C, Mazzoccanti G, Russo M, Novellino E, Gasparrini F, Campiglia P. Development of an improved online comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography platform for complex multiclass polyphenolic sample analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2188-2197. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sommella
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Dipartimento di Agraria (QuaSic. A. Tec.); Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria; Reggio Calabria Italy
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - Omar H. Ismail
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Francesco Pagano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Dipartimento di Agraria (QuaSic. A. Tec.); Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria; Reggio Calabria Italy
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Dipartimento di Agraria (QuaSic. A. Tec.); Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria; Reggio Calabria Italy
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Dipartimento di Agraria (QuaSic. A. Tec.); Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria; Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno; Salerno Italy
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24
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Walters NA, de Villiers A, Joubert E, de Beer D. Phenolic profiling of rooibos using off-line comprehensive normal phase countercurrent chromatography × reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:102-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Recent advances in liquid and gas chromatography methodology for extending coverage of the metabolome. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 43:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Česla P, Křenková J. Fraction transfer process in on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid-phase separations. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:109-123. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Česla
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jana Křenková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v.v.i.; Brno Czech Republic
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27
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Cacciola F, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography and Other Liquid-Based Comprehensive Techniques Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 89:414-429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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28
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Cacciola F, Farnetti S, Dugo P, Marriott PJ, Mondello L. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography for polyphenol analysis in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:7-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di “Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali,”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Sara Farnetti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Cellular Transplantation of Surgery; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.L; Viale Boccetta 70 98122 Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Philip John Marriott
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di “Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.L; Viale Boccetta 70 98122 Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
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29
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Application of fractionized sampling and stacking for construction of an interface for online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Gargano AFG, Duffin M, Navarro P, Schoenmakers PJ. Reducing Dilution and Analysis Time in Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography by Active Modulation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1785-93. [PMID: 26709410 PMCID: PMC5373567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) offers ways to achieve high-performance separations in terms of peak capacity (exceeding 1000) and additional selectivity to realize applications that cannot be addressed with one-dimensional chromatography (1D-LC). However, the greater resolving power of LC × LC comes at the price of higher dilutions (thus, reduced sensitivity) and, often, long analysis times (>100 min). The need to preserve the separation attained in the first dimension ((1)D) causes greater dilution for LC × LC, in comparison with 1D-LC, and long analysis times to sample the (1)D with an adequate number of second dimension separations. A way to significantly reduce these downsides is to introduce a concentration step between the two chromatographic dimensions. In this work we present a possible active-modulation approach to concentrate the fractions of (1)D effluent. A typical LC × LC system is used with the addition of a dilution flow to decrease the strength of the (1)D effluent and a modulation unit that uses trap columns. The potential of this approach is demonstrated for the separation of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate surfactants, using a combination of hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The modified LC × LC system enabled us to halve the analysis time necessary to obtain a similar degree of separation efficiency with respect to UHPLC based LC × LC and of 5 times with respect to HPLC instrumentation (40 compared with 80 and 200 min, respectively), while at the same time reducing dilution (DF of 142, 299, and 1529, respectively) and solvent consumption per analysis (78, 120, and 800 mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. G. Gargano
- TI-COAST, Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mike Duffin
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, United
Kingdom
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, United
Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Sun W, Tong L, Miao J, Huang J, Li D, Li Y, Xiao H, Sun H, Bi K. Separation and analysis of phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza and its related preparations by off-line two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Willemse CM, Stander MA, Vestner J, Tredoux AGJ, de Villiers A. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) × Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (RP-LC-UV-MS) Analysis of Anthocyanins and Derived Pigments in Red Wine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12006-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandré M. Willemse
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Maria A. Stander
- Central
Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jochen Vestner
- Center
of Analytical Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Microbiology
and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
- Université
de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche
Œnologie, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Andreas G. J. Tredoux
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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34
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Wouters B, De Vos J, Desmet G, Terryn H, Schoenmakers PJ, Eeltink S. Design of a microfluidic device for comprehensive spatial two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1123-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Wouters
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Herman Terryn
- Department of Materials and Chemistry; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
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35
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de Beer D, Malherbe CJ, Beelders T, Willenburg EL, Brand DJ, Joubert E. Isolation of aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) using high-performance countercurrent chromatography: Sample loading and compound stability considerations. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Wolfender JL, Marti G, Thomas A, Bertrand S. Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:136-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kamakura R, Son MJ, de Beer D, Joubert E, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic effect of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract in cultured cells and type 2 diabetic model KK-A(y) mice. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:699-710. [PMID: 25410530 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated antidiabetic effects for rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and aspalathin (ASP), one of its main polyphenols. Rooibos, an endemic plant of South Africa, is well-known for its use as herbal tea. Green ('unfermented') rooibos has been shown to contain more ASP than 'fermented' rooibos tea, currently the major product. In the present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of green rooibos extract (GRE) through studies on glucose uptake in L6 myotubes and on pancreatic β-cell protective ability from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RIN-5F cells. Its in vivo effect was also examined using obese diabetic KK-A(y) mice. GRE increased glucose uptake under insulin absent condition and induced phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L6 myotubes as previously demonstrated for ASP. In addition to AMPK, GRE also promoted phosphorylation of Akt, another promoter of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, in L6 myotubes unlike ASP, suggesting an involvement of GRE component(s) other than ASP in Akt phosphorylation. Promotion of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane by GRE in L6 myotubes was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis. GRE suppressed the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced increase in ROS levels in RIN-5F pancreatic β-cells. Subchronic feeding with GRE suppressed the increase in fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic model KK-A(y) mice. These in vitro and in vivo results strongly suggest that GRE has antidiabetic potential through multiple modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Kamakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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39
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Place BJ, Morris MJ, Phillips MM, Sander LC, Rimmer CA. Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Król-Kogus B, Głód D, Krauze-Baranowska M, Matławska I. Application of one- and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography methodologies for the analysis of C-glycosylflavones from fenugreek seeds. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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41
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Pyrzynska K, Sentkowska A. Recent Developments in the HPLC Separation of Phenolic Food Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.870027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Willemse CM, Stander MA, Tredoux AG, de Villiers A. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Continuous vs. segmented second-dimension system gradients for comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4315-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to the ABTS radical scavenging assay: a powerful method for the analysis of phenolic antioxidants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Tranchida PQ, Donato P, Cacciola F, Beccaria M, Dugo P, Mondello L. Potential of comprehensive chromatography in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Willemse CM, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Hydrophilic interaction chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:127-40. [PMID: 24188998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative separation mode for the analysis of phenolic compounds, in which aqueous-organic mobile phases with polar stationary phases are used. This paper reports the evaluation of HILIC for the analysis of the natural pigments anthocyanins, which are of importance because of their chromophoric properties and a range of health benefits associated with their consumption. Several HILIC stationary phases (silica, diol, amine, cyanopropyl and amide) and mobile phase combinations were evaluated, with the latter proving particularly important due to the distinctive chromatographic behaviour of anthocyanins. Diode array detection was used for selective detection of anthocyanins, while high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was used for compound identification. The potential of HILIC separation is demonstrated for a range of anthocyanins varying in glycosylation and acylation patterns found in blueberries, grape skins, black beans, red cabbage and red radish. HILIC is shown to be a complementary separation method to reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) due to the alternative retention mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandré M Willemse
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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47
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Kalili KM, Vestner J, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Toward Unraveling Grape Tannin Composition: Application of Online Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography × Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Grape Seed Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9107-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401896r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathithileni M. Kalili
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
| | - Jochen Vestner
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
- Hochschule Geisenheim University, Center of Analytical
Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Maria A. Stander
- Stellenbosch University, Central Analytical Facility, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Biochemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
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48
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Boichenko AP, Govorukhina N, van der Zee AGJ, Bischoff R. Multidimensional separation of tryptic peptides from human serum proteins using reversed-phase, strong cation exchange, weak anion exchange, and fused-core fluorinated stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3463-70. [PMID: 24039020 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteome profiling of crude serum is a challenging task due to the wide dynamic range of protein concentrations and the presence of high-abundance proteins, which cover >90% of the total protein mass in serum. Peptide fractionation on strong cation exchange, weak anion exchange in the electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ERLIC) mode, RP C18 at pH 2.5 (low pH), fused-core fluorinated at pH 2.5, and RP C18 at pH 9.7 (high pH) stationary phases resulted in two to three times more identified proteins and three to four times more identified peptides in comparison with 1D nanoChip-LC-MS/MS quadrupole TOF analysis (45 proteins, 185 peptides). The largest number of peptides and proteins was identified after prefractionation in the ERLIC mode due to the more uniform distribution of peptides among the collected fractions and on the RP column at high pH due to the high efficiency of RP separations and the complementary selectivity of both techniques to low-pH RP chromatography. A 3D separation scheme combining ERLIC, high-pH RP, and low-pH nanoChip-LC-MS/MS for crude serum proteome profiling resulted in the identification of 208 proteins and 1088 peptides with the lowest reported concentration of 11 ng/mL for heat shock protein 74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Boichenko
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Liu Q, Jiang X, Zheng H, Su W, Chen X, Yang H. On-line two-dimensional LC: A rapid and efficient method for the determination of enantiomeric excess in reaction mixtures. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3158-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education, Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Haixing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Wen Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education, Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education, Central South University; Changsha P.R. China
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50
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Muller CJF, Joubert E, Pheiffer C, Ghoor S, Sanderson M, Chellan N, Fey SJ, Louw J. Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, an α-hydroxy acid from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) with hypoglycemic activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2216-22. [PMID: 23943314 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The rare enolic phenylpyruvic acid-2-O-glucoside, (PPAG:Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid), is one of the major constituents of fermented rooibos infusions. 3-Phenylpyruvic acid (2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid), without the sugar moiety and with a keto form instead of an enolic arrangement, has been shown to enhance insulin release and glucose uptake in muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to assess if PPAG has similar activity on glucose metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Preliminary in vitro studies confirmed that PPAG, isolated from rooibos, enhanced glucose uptake. A dose-response study in Chang cells showed that PPAG enhanced glucose uptake in the concentration range 1.0-31.6 μM (EC50 = 3.6 μM). In obese insulin-resistant rats, oral administration of PPAG lowered fasting glucose concentrations and improved oral glucose tolerance values; messenger RNA expression of glucokinase, glucose transporter 1 and 2, insulin receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, were increased in the liver. This suggests that the liver is mainly responsible for PPAG bioactivity. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time that PPAG increases in vitro glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance in an obese insulin-resistant rat model, suggesting that it has potential as a new class of antidiabetic therapeutics that would contribute to the antidiabetic effect of rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, South Africa
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