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Su L, Zheng X, Tang J, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wu X. Poly(ionic liquid)s threaded into covalent organic framework for synergistic capture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132657. [PMID: 37788553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficient enrichment of trace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental waters remains challenging for environmental monitoring and analysis. Herein, a covalent organic frameworks-poly(ionic liquid)s hybrid material (COF-γ-PIL) is synthesized by threading poly(1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium bis ((trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) imide) into a vinyl-decorated COF via photopolymerization. The resultant hybrid retains the crystallinity and porosity of COF, thus offering adequate adsorption sites for the targets. PIL threaded in COF facilitates the synergistic capture of target molecules within the hybrid through multiple interactions, including Van der Waals forces, weak hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. As a proof of concept, COF-γ-PIL was utilized as the fiber coating for SPME of PBDEs in waters prior to their analysis via GC-MS. Excellent analytical results were achieved, with wide linearity (0.01-100 ng L-1), low limits of detection (0.0021-0.014 ng L-1), and satisfactory recoveries (78.6%-103.6%). The outstanding extraction performance can be ascribed to the extraordinary flexibility of the active fraction on linear polymers threaded in COF, which facilitates collaborative capture for target molecules, as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work uncovers the microscopic mechanism for PBDEs capturing and provides new insights into the design of functionalized COF hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishen Su
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jingpu Tang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on Food Safety and Environmental Analysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Zhang Q, Okoli CP. Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Method Based on Biocompatible Starch Polyurethane Polymers for GC-MS Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Ambient Water Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:3253. [PMID: 35630728 PMCID: PMC9144483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the extraction, enrichment, and analysis of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water was developed. The current approach involves using a cross-linked starch-based polymer as an extraction adsorbent and determining the PBDE analytes of interest using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode (GC-NCI-MS). The starch-based polymer was synthesized by the reaction of soluble starch with 4,4'-methylene-bis-phenyldiisocyanate as a cross-linking agent in dry dimethylformamide. Various parameters impacting extraction efficiencies, such as adsorbent quantity, sample volumes, elution solvents and volumes, and methanol content, were carefully optimized. The 500 mg of starch-based polymer as an adsorbent used to extract 1000 mL of spiked water, presented high extraction recoveries of eight PBDEs. The linearity of the extraction process was investigated in the range of 1-200 ng L-1 for BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, and 5-200 ng L-1 for BDE-153, 154, 183, and 209, with coefficients of determination (r2) exceeding 0.990 for all PBDEs. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.06 to 1.42 ng L-1 (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation values (RSD) were between 3.6 and 9.5 percent (n = 5) under optimum conditions. The method was successfully used to analyze river and lake water samples, where it exhibited acceptable recovery values of 71.3 to 104.2%. Considering the excellent analytical performance and comparative cost advantage, we recommend the developed starch-based SPE method for routine extraction and analysis of PBDEs in water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chukwunonso P. Okoli
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Chemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki 482131, Nigeria
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Unconventional and user-friendly sampling techniques of semi-volatile organic compounds present in an indoor environment: An approach to human exposure assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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4
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Hoang AQ, Aono D, Kawashima A, Hamada N, Falahudin D, Watanabe I, Tsugeki NK, Kuwae M, Takahashi S. Determination of brominated flame retardants including polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pentabromoethylbenzene, hexabromobiphenyl, and decabromodiphenyl ethane in sediment samples: Validation of a rapid and efficient clean-up method and application to a sediment core from Lake Biwa, Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130867. [PMID: 34010717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of rapid and efficient analytical method for the determination of legacy and current-use brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has been performed due to environmental concern related to these pollutants. In the present study, we used an automated clean-up device equipped with pre-packed micro-column sets (containing sulfuric acid impregnated silica gel and silver-modified alumina) to develop an effective purification method for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pentabromoethylbenzene, hexabromobiphenyl, and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in sediment extracts. Matrix-spiked sediments (n = 6) and the Standard Reference Material® 1944 samples (n = 6) were tested. Our method showed acceptable accuracy, repeatability, and sensitivity for almost all the target compounds with reduced processing time, labor requirement, and solvent amounts as compared to conventional clean-up method (e.g., sulfuric acid treatment and self-packed chromatographic columns). The validated method was applied to sediment core samples (n = 16) collected in 2019 from Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. PBDEs were detected in sediment samples of 0-13 cm depth (dated between 1990 and 2019) at relatively low concentrations (median 5.7; range 2.6-9.4 ng/g dry weight). PBDE profiles were dominated by BDE-209, which accounted for 91 ± 10% of total PBDEs. Among other BFRs, only DBDPE was found in sediment layers of 0-9 cm depth (deposited between 2005 and 2019). DBDPE concentrations ranged from 0.43 to 1.6 (median 0.71) ng/g and showed increasing trend toward shallower depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Daichi Aono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ayato Kawashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Dede Falahudin
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Narumi K Tsugeki
- Faculty of Law, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Michinobu Kuwae
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
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Pan Y, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Tong Y, Wu W, Zhou Y, Hou W, Yang J. Three-dimensional migration and resistivity characteristics of crude oil in heterogeneous soil layers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115309. [PMID: 33152631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimentally induced three-dimensional petroleum seepage flume was used to investigate its migration in heterogeneous soil layers and a method for monitoring resistivity was adopted, under conditions of fluctuating water levels and rainfall. The corresponding mechanisms were then analyzed based on the resistivity characteristics and combined with three-dimensional inversion images. Finally, physical and chemical property analysis was conducted to verify the results of resistivity monitoring. The results demonstrated that: (1) In the process of natural oil leakage, the variation of soil resistivity presents a concave shape in the resistivity profile. Thus, oil migration exhibited the following patterns. At first, circular migration front was dominant in a vertical direction. Subsequently, after vertical migration was impeded, lateral migration was dominant. As the crude oil gradually accumulated, the migration front broke through the limitation of lithologic interface and continued vertically. (2) By comparing the two resistivity monitoring methods, namely the Wenner and Pole-pole methods, it was demonstrated that the inversion resistivity measured by Wenner method was closer to the true resistivity, and the resistivity variations were more distinguishable. (3) The resistivity inversion profile demonstrated that the low resistivity anomaly of the crude oil leakage area was related to the low water content of the soil layer in the test area. (4) Fluctuations in water level increased the diffusion range of crude oil beyond the original pollution source area, especially horizontally. (5) Percolation of rainfall caused the water level to rise, and the crude oil was evenly distributed in the soil layers above the capillary zone. (6) Through sample analysis and verification, it was demonstrated that the resistivity method can accurately and intuitively present the characteristics of crude oil migration. These results provide theoretical support for the rapid determination of the migration range and characteristics of crude oil in heterogeneous soil layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Pan
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yewei Yu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yihan Tong
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - Youlin Zhou
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weifen Hou
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
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Chen YJ, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu Y, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Liu G, Chen ZF, Cai Z. GC-MS/MS analysis for source identification of emerging POPs in PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110368. [PMID: 32114245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging POPs have received increasing attention due to their potential persistence and toxicity, but thus far the report regarding the occurrence and distribution of these POPs in PM2.5 is limited. In this study, an extremely sensitive and reliable method, using ultrasonic solvent extraction and silica gel purification followed by gas chromatography coupled with electron ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, was developed and used for the trace analysis of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloroanisole (PCA) and its analogs chlorobenzenes (CBs) in PM2.5 from Taiyuan within a whole year. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation of analytes were 1.14 × 10-4‒2.74 × 10-4 pg m-3 and 3.80 × 10-4‒9.14 × 10-4 pg m-3. HCBD and PCA were detected at the mean concentrations of 3.69 and 1.84 pg m-3 in PM2.5, which is reported for the first time. Based on the results of statistical analysis, HCBD may come from the unintentional emission of manufacture or incineration of chlorinate-contained products but not coal combustion, while O3-induced photoreaction was the potential source of PCA in PM2.5. The temporal distributions of CBs in PM2.5 were closely related to coal-driven or agricultural activities. Accordingly, our study reveals the contamination profiles of emerging POPs in PM2.5 from Taiyuan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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7
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Gravel S, Aubin S, Labrèche F. Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Organic Flame Retardants: A Systematic Review. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:386-406. [PMID: 30852590 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flame retardants (FRs) are widespread in common goods, and workers in some industries can be exposed to high concentrations. Numerous studies describe occupational exposure to FRs, but the diversity of methods and of reported results renders their interpretation difficult for researchers, occupational hygienists, and decision makers. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this paper are to compile and summarize the scientific knowledge on occupational exposure to FRs as well as to identify research gaps and to formulate recommendations. METHODS Five databases were consulted for this systematic literature review (Embase, Medline [Pubmed], Global health, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), with terms related to occupational exposure and to FRs. Selected studies report quantitative measurements of exposure to organic FRs in a workplace, either in air, dust, or in workers' biological fluids. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines were followed. RESULTS The search yielded 1540 published articles, of which 58 were retained. The most frequently sampled FRs were polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated FRs. Offices and electronic waste recycling facilities were the most studied occupational settings, and the highest reported exposures were found in the latter, as well as in manufacturing of printed circuit boards, in aircrafts, and in firefighters. There were recurrent methodological issues, such as unstandardized and ill-described air and dust sampling, as well as deficient statistical analyses. CONCLUSIONS This review offers several recommendations. Workplaces such as electronic waste recycling or manufacturing of electronics as well as firefighters and aircraft personnel should be granted more attention from researchers and industrial hygienists. Methodical and standardized occupational exposure assessment approaches should be employed, and data analysis and reporting should be more systematic. Finally, more research is needed on newer chemical classes of FRs, on occupational exposure pathways, and on airborne FR particle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gravel
- Scientific Division, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST).,505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 3C2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Aubin
- Scientific Division, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST)
| | - France Labrèche
- Scientific Division, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST).,505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 3C2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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8
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Tavoloni T, Stramenga A, Stecconi T, Siracusa M, Bacchiocchi S, Piersanti A. Single sample preparation for brominated flame retardants in fish and shellfish with dual detection: GC-MS/MS (PBDEs) and LC-MS/MS (HBCDs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Wu Z, Han W, Yang X, Li Y, Wang Y. The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in soil, water/sediment, and air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23219-23241. [PMID: 31270770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used in different types of electronic equipment, furniture, plastics, and textiles. PBDEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may impact human health and ecosystems. Here we highlight recent findings on the occurrence, contamination status, and transport of PBDEs in soil, water/sediment, and air. Four aspects are discussed in detail: (1) sources of PBDEs to the environment; (2) occurrence and transport of PBDEs in soil; (3) PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems (water/sediment) and their water-sediment partitioning; and (4) the occurrence of PBDEs in the atmosphere and their gas-particle partitioning. Future prospects for the investigation on PBDEs occurrence are also discussed based on current scientific and practical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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10
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Use of carbon quantum dots and fluorescein isothiocyanate in developing an improved competitive fluoroimmunoassay for detecting polybrominated diphenyl ether. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Chen T, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z, Zhang L, Li J. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in human serum by gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1099:64-72. [PMID: 30243115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The accurate detection of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in humans is an area of high scientific interest and regulatory need due to their potential toxicity. The instrumental analysis of BFRs was commonly performed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operating in electron ionization (EI) or negative chemical ionization (NCI) modes. However, soft ionization techniques, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), may be more suitable for the analysis of BFRs because the BFRs show high fragmentation in EI and low selectivity in NCI. Additionally, accurate quantifications of BFRs in complex matrices is challenging due to their low concentrations and therefore, a highly sensitive technique is desperately needed. In this study, a new methodology based on gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-MS/MS) analysis was developed for the determination of thirteen BFRs (eight usually monitored polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and five additional novel BFRs) in human serum. The primary task was to evaluate the potential of the GC-APCI-MS/MS technique for the trace analysis of BFRs in human serum. The results of the spiked recovery test using fetal bovine serum showed that mean recoveries of the analytes ranged from 83.4% to 118% with reduced swing differential signaling (RSDs) of ≤21.1%. The methodological limits of detection (mLOD) of the analytes ranged from 0.04 to 30 pg/mL, and these values were at least one order of magnitude lower than those estimated by the authors in a previous study using GC-NCI-MS or GC-EI-MS/MS, indicating that GC-APCI-MS/MS is more sensitive. Specially, compared to GC-NCI-MS and GC-EI-MS/MS, when GC-APCI-MS/MS was used for the detection of highly brominated BFRs, such as BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a notable improvement in sensitivity and reliability was obtained using a deactivated capillary column connected to the analytical column as the transfer line and maintaining a high temperature to improve the chromatographic behaviors. The developed methodology was successfully used for the analysis of BFRs in human serum collected from residents living in a BFR production area and Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanmin Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
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Trabalón L, Vilavert L, Domingo JL, Pocurull E, Borrull F, Nadal M. Human exposure to brominated flame retardants through the consumption of fish and shellfish in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 104:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Li J, Chen T, Wang Y, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z, Wang D, Wu Y. Simple and fast analysis of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane isomers, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum using solid-phase extraction or QuEChERS extraction followed by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to HPLC and GC. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:709-716. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
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14
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Berton P, Mammana SB, Locatelli DA, Lana NB, Hapon MB, Camargo AB, Altamirano JC. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in milk samples. Development of green extraction coupled techniques for sample preparation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:460-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Locatelli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Nerina B. Lana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - María B. Hapon
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
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15
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Brits M, de Vos J, Weiss JM, Rohwer ER, de Boer J. Critical review of the analysis of brominated flame retardants and their environmental levels in Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:174-189. [PMID: 27591369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
World-wide, the prevalence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) is well documented for routine analysis of environmental and biological matrices. There is, however, limited information on these compounds in the African environment and insufficient information on the analytical approaches used to obtain data. This paper presents a review on BFR levels in the African environment and the various analytical methodologies specifically applied in Africa for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls and alternative-BFRs. The analyses include liquid sample preparation using liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction and solid sample preparation involving Soxhlet extraction, with ultrasound-assisted extraction increasingly being applied. Instrumental detection techniques were limited to gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector and electron impact ionisation with single quadrupole mass spectrometers. Information on congener profile prevalence in indoor dust, soil, aquatic environment (water, sediment, and aquatic organisms), eggs, wastewater treatment plant compartments, landfills (leachate and sediment) and breast milk are presented. Although PBDEs were inconsistently detected, contamination was reported for all investigated matrices in the African environment. The manifestation in remote regions indicates the ubiquitous prevalence and long-range transport of these compounds. Levels in sediment, and breast milk from some African countries were higher than reported for Asia and Europe. Due to limited data or non-detection of alternative-BFRs, it is unclear whether banned formulations were replaced in Africa. Most of the data reported for BFR levels in Africa were obtained in non-African laboratories or in South Africa and formed the basis for our discussion of reported contamination levels and related methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brits
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, 0040, South Africa; VU University, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Jayne de Vos
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, 0040, South Africa
| | - Jana M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egmont R Rohwer
- Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Jacob de Boer
- VU University, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Gao L, Li J, Wu Y, Yu M, Chen T, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z. Determination of novel brominated flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with two simplified sample preparation procedures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7835-7844. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Kim UJ, Kim BC. DNA aptamers for selective identification and separation of flame retardant chemicals. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:208-15. [PMID: 27566357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are group of chemicals which are representative persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and used as brominated flame retardants for many consumer products. PBDEs were phased out since 2009 but are still frequently observed in various environmental matrices and human body. Here, we report ssDNA aptamers which bind to BDE47, one of the PBDE congeners commonly found in various environmental matrices, and show affinity to other major tri-to hepta- BDE congeners. The PBDE specific aptamers were isolated from random library of ssDNA using Mag-SELEX. Two out of 15 sequences, based on their alignment and hairpin loop structures, were chosen to determine dissociation constant with BDE47 and showed from picomolar to nanomolar affinities (200 pM and 1.53 nM). The aptamers displayed high selectivity to the original target, BDE47, and implying general specificity to PBDE backbone with varying affinities to other congeners. Further, we showed that the use of two aptamers together could enhance the separation efficiency of BDE47 and other BDE congeners when dissolved in a solvent compared to use of single aptamer. These aptamers are expected to provide a tool for preliminary screening or quick separation of PBDEs in environmental samples prior to trace quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chan Kim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Swart C, Gantois F, Petrov P, Entwisle J, Goenaga-Infante H, Nousiainen M, Bílsel M, Binici B, Gonzalez-Gago A, Pröfrock D, Gören AC. Potential reference measurement procedures for PBDE in surface water at levels required by the EU Water Frame Directive. Talanta 2016; 152:251-8. [PMID: 26992518 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), used as flame retardants, are named as priority substances in the Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. An annual average environmental quality standard (EQS) for inland surface waters of 0.0005 µg/L (0.0002 µg/L for other surface waters) for PBDE congeners involved in the technical penta-PBDE mixtures containing PBDE with five bromine atoms has been established. The directives focus especially on the congeners PBDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 contained in the penta-PBDE mixture. Up to now, no reference measurement procedures have been established reaching the limits of quantification (LOQs) and the associated uncertainties as defined in the directives with results traceable to the SI. Within a recent European project on metrology, different approaches for the traceable quantification of PBDE, based on liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction followed by the detection with gas chromatography coupled to either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, were investigated and the related LOQs and expanded uncertainties of the results were compared. A complete uncertainty budget for each method was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). All presented analytical procedures can serve as reference measurement procedures regarding the LOQs and their associated expanded uncertainties for monitoring the six priority PBDEs named above. LOQs as low as 0.026 ng/kg with an associated expanded uncertainty of 0.002 ng/kg could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Swart
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Fanny Gantois
- Laboratoire national de metrologie et d'essais (LNE), 1, rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Panayot Petrov
- LGC Limited (LGC), Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 OLY, UK
| | - John Entwisle
- LGC Limited (LGC), Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 OLY, UK
| | | | - Marjaana Nousiainen
- Finish Environment Institute (SYKE), Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mine Bílsel
- TÜBİTAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu (TÜBİTAK UME), Chemistry Group, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Burcu Binici
- TÜBİTAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu (TÜBİTAK UME), Chemistry Group, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ahmet C Gören
- TÜBİTAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu (TÜBİTAK UME), Chemistry Group, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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19
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Santos MSF, Alves A, Madeira LM. Chemical and photochemical degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in liquid systems - A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:39-59. [PMID: 26465809 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants which have received a great deal of attention due to their persistence, potential to bioaccumulate and possible toxic effects. PBDEs have been globally detected in humans, wildlife and environment, highlighting the urgency of looking for effective removal technologies to mitigate their spread and accumulation in the environment. Among all environmental compartments, the water has raised particular attention. This paper aims to provide information about the suitability of the main degradation processes investigated to date (photolysis, zerovalent iron and TiO2 photocatalysis) for the degradation of PBDEs in water matrices. The most relevant criteria behind the design of a system for such purpose are discussed in detail for each individual process. The comparative analysis suggests that the oxidative degradation by TiO2 is the most appropriated technology to treat waters contaminated with PBDEs because higher debromination and mineralization degrees are achieved, preventing the formation/accumulation of lower brominated PBDE congeners and promoting the cracking of aromatic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica S F Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M Madeira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Berton P, Lana NB, Ríos JM, García-Reyes JF, Altamirano JC. State of the art of environmentally friendly sample preparation approaches for determination of PBDEs and metabolites in environmental and biological samples: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 905:24-41. [PMID: 26755134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry principles for developing methodologies have gained attention in analytical chemistry in recent decades. A growing number of analytical techniques have been proposed for determination of organic persistent pollutants in environmental and biological samples. In this light, the current review aims to present state-of-the-art sample preparation approaches based on green analytical principles proposed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and metabolites (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in environmental and biological samples. Approaches to lower the solvent consumption and accelerate the extraction, such as pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are discussed in this review. Special attention is paid to miniaturized sample preparation methodologies and strategies proposed to reduce organic solvent consumption. Additionally, extraction techniques based on alternative solvents (surfactants, supercritical fluids, or ionic liquids) are also commented in this work, even though these are scarcely used for determination of PBDEs. In addition to liquid-based extraction techniques, solid-based analytical techniques are also addressed. The development of greener, faster and simpler sample preparation approaches has increased in recent years (2003-2013). Among green extraction techniques, those based on the liquid phase predominate over those based on the solid phase (71% vs. 29%, respectively). For solid samples, solvent assisted extraction techniques are preferred for leaching of PBDEs, and liquid phase microextraction techniques are mostly used for liquid samples. Likewise, green characteristics of the instrumental analysis used after the extraction and clean-up steps are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Nerina B Lana
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan M Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
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21
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Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, García-Valcárcel AI, Pérez RA, Tadeo JL. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of emerging contaminants from environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Comparison of GC–NCI MS, GC–ICP-MS, and GC–EI MS–MS for the determination of PBDEs in water samples according to the Water Framework Directive. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8009-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Comparison of in-cell lipid removal efficiency of adsorbent mixtures for extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Aldrian A, Ledersteger A, Pomberger R. Monitoring of WEEE plastics in regards to brominated flame retardants using handheld XRF. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 36:297-304. [PMID: 25464945 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is focused on the on-site determination of the bromine content in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), in particular waste plastics from television sets (TV) and personal computer monitors (PC) using a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. The described approach allows the examination of samples in regards to the compliance with legal specifications for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) directly after disassembling and facilitates the sorting out of plastics with high contents of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). In all, over 3000 pieces of black (TV) and 1600 pieces of grey (PC) plastic waste were analysed with handheld XRF technique for this study. Especially noticeable was the high percentage of pieces with a bromine content of over 50,000ppm for TV (7%) and PC (39%) waste plastics. The applied method was validated by comparing the data of handheld XRF with results obtained by GC-MS. The results showed the expected and sufficiently accurate correlation between these two methods. It is shown that handheld XRF technique is an effective tool for fast monitoring of large volumes of WEEE plastics in regards to BFRs for on-site measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Aldrian
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Alfred Ledersteger
- Saubermacher Dienstleistungs AG, Hans-Roth-Straße 1, 8073 Feldkirchen bei Graz, Austria.
| | - Roland Pomberger
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
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25
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Guo Y, Kannan K. Analytical Methods for the Measurement of Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Complex Sample Matrices. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Batterman S, Chernyak S. Performance and storage integrity of dried blood spots for PCB, BFR and pesticide measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:252-60. [PMID: 25058892 PMCID: PMC4134318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBSs) can provide accurate and valuable estimates of exposure to environmental toxicants, and the use of information derived from archived newborn DBSs has enormous potential to open up new research on the impacts of early chemical exposure on disease. Broad application of DBS for the purpose of quantitative exposure estimation requires robust and validated methods. This study investigates the suitability of DBS analyses for population studies of exposure to three chemical groups: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and chlorinated pesticides. It examines background (matrix) contamination, recovery and extraction variability, sensitivity, and storage stability. DBS samples prepared using 50 μL of adult blood were analyzed by GC/MS, and method performance was confirmed by using certified materials and paired DBS-blood samples from six volunteers. Several of the target compounds and their degradation products have not been previously measured in DBSs. All target compounds were detected in DBS samples collected from the volunteers. Sample DBS cards showed background contamination of several compounds. When stored at room temperature, target compounds, excluding PBDEs, were stable for up to one month. When refrigerated or frozen, stability was acceptable for all compounds up to one year, and multiyear storage appears acceptable at colder (e.g., -80°C) temperatures. Multicompartment models may be used to estimate or correct for storage losses. Considering concentrations of contaminants for adults and children reported in the literature, and experimental values of detection limits and background contamination, DBS samples are suitable for quantifying exposures to many PCBs, BFRs and persistent pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Room 6075 SPH2, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Sergei Chernyak
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Room 6075 SPH2, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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27
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Beser MI, Beltrán J, Yusà V. Design of experiment approach for the optimization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers determination in fine airborne particulate matter by microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Barco-Bonilla N, Plaza-Bolaños P, Tarifa NMV, Romero-González R, Martínez Vidal JL, Frenich AG. Highly sensitive determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface water by GC coupled to high-resolution MS according to the EU Water Directive 2008/105/EC. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:69-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Barco-Bonilla
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Noelia Ma Valera Tarifa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
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29
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Niu P, Wang J, Sun Z, Zhang S, Wu Y. Concurrent extraction, clean-up, and analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane isomers, and tetrabromobisphenol A in human milk and serum. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3402-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Piye Niu
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Jiandi Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shunyi District; Beijing China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
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Xu W, Wang X, Cai Z. Analytical chemistry of the persistent organic pollutants identified in the Stockholm Convention: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 790:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Benítez-Villalba JC, Zafra-Gómez A, Dorival-García N, Javier Camino-Sánchez F, Cantarero S, Vílchez JL. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography MS/MS method for the determination of parabens in compost from sewage sludge: Comparison of the efficiency of two extraction techniques. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2635-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Benítez-Villalba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Noemí Dorival-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Camino-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Samuel Cantarero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - José Luis Vílchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences; Campus of Fuentenueva; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Guo T, LaBelle B, Petreas M, Park JS. Mass spectrometric characterization of halogenated flame retardants. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1437-1449. [PMID: 23722678 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Concerns about the adverse health effects of ubiquitous flame retardants spurred our interest in the development of a sensitive and reliable analytical method for these toxic compounds in various sample matrices. This study focuses on the investigation of fragmentation pathways and the structures of target ions of thirteen new halogenated flame retardants. METHODS In this study, we use gas chromatography (GC)/high-resolution double-focusing sector mass spectrometry to characterize the fragmentation pathways of these new flame retardants. Along with the isotope patterns, accurate mass data were acquired to verify the molecular formula. RESULTS The fragmentation pathways are classified based on the types of bond dissociations, e.g. σ-bond cleavage, α-bond cleavage and multiple-bond dissociations with a hydrogen shift. The α-bond dissociation occurs among 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and 2-bromoallyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (BATE). The peak clusters that dominated ATE, BATE and hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) spectra correspond to two fragments as proved by accurate mass data and isotope patterns. These two fragments are formed as the result of two competing fragmentation pathways of radical loss and hydrogen shift. Fragmentation pathways of the other compounds are complex, involving cleavage of multiple bonds and hydrogen shifts. CONCLUSIONS The accurate-mass-based GC/MS method offers great selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative analysis of the persistent organic pollutants. Thus, elucidation of the structures of the fragments is of prime importance for building an accurate-mass-based isotopic method. In addition, this study is useful for GC/MS/MS method development because multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of precursor ions and product ions may be easily elucidated based on these fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
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Gutés A, Lee BY, Carraro C, Mickelson W, Lee SW, Mabouduan R. Impedimetric graphene-based biosensors for the detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6048-6052. [PMID: 23719624 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-layer graphene, decorated with Au nanoparticles, and a specially designed peptide are used for the first time in the detection of decabrominediphenyl ether using impedance spectroscopy. Biosensor calibration is presented, showing a good linear response from 5% to saturated dissolutions (100 ppt). Selectivity towards brominated species is demonstrated by lack of response to molecules with similar structures but without any bromines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gutés
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA
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Analytical methodologies for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in biological and environmental samples. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:674838. [PMID: 23738329 PMCID: PMC3662172 DOI: 10.1155/2013/674838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disruptor compounds (EDCs) can mimic natural hormones and produce adverse effects in the endocrine functions by interacting with estrogen receptors. EDCs include both natural and synthetic chemicals, such as hormones, personal care products, surfactants, and flame retardants, among others. EDCs are characterised by their ubiquitous presence at trace-level concentrations and their wide diversity. Since the discovery of the adverse effects of these pollutants on wildlife and human health, analytical methods have been developed for their qualitative and quantitative determination. In particular, mass-based analytical methods show excellent sensitivity and precision for their quantification. This paper reviews recently published analytical methodologies for the sample preparation and for the determination of these compounds in different environmental and biological matrices by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The various sample preparation techniques are compared and discussed. In addition, recent developments and advances in this field are presented.
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35
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Tang HPO. Recent development in analysis of persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Amodio M, de Gennaro G, Marzocca A, Trizio L, Tutino M. Assessment of impacts produced by anthropogenic sources in a little city near an important industrial area (Modugno, Southern Italy). ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:150397. [PMID: 23476120 PMCID: PMC3582101 DOI: 10.1155/2013/150397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An annual monitoring campaign of VOCs, consisting of twelve sampling periods, was carried out from June 2008 to June 2009 in Modugno, a city located in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), in order to assess the urban air quality, identify the main emission sources, and quantify the cancer and no-cancer risk attributable to inhalation exposures. Monitoring, carried out by using the Radiello diffusive samplers, was conducted in eleven sampling sites throughout the city taking into account the traffic density and the architecture of the city. From the study of the data, it was found that, among all considered VOCs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are the pollutants at higher concentration. The analysis of VOC concentrations, the study of the topography of the city, and the use of different diagnostic ratios between the BTEX species showed that the vehicular traffic emissions were the predominant source of VOCs in the urban area of Modugno. Despite that the annual concentration of benzene is lower than the regulatory limit, the estimation of cancer risk showed that the global lifetime cancer risk attributed to the investigated VOC exposure was not negligible and therefore should be taken into account in future regulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Amodio
- LEnviroS srl, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi de Gennaro
- LEnviroS srl, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marzocca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Trizio
- LEnviroS srl, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tutino
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Current Applications of GC-(Q)TOF and GC–HRMS for the Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water and Sediments Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62623-3.00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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Analysis of Halogenated Flame Retardants by Gas Chromatography Coupled to LRMS, HRMS, MS–MS, and TOF-MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62623-3.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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