1
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Liew CSM, Lee HK. Online water sampling-quickMix-assisted miniscale liquid-liquid extraction coupled with full evaporation dynamic headspace concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Zhang Q, Okoli CP. Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Method Based on Biocompatible Starch Polyurethane Polymers for GC-MS Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Ambient Water Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:3253. [PMID: 35630728 PMCID: PMC9144483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the extraction, enrichment, and analysis of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water was developed. The current approach involves using a cross-linked starch-based polymer as an extraction adsorbent and determining the PBDE analytes of interest using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode (GC-NCI-MS). The starch-based polymer was synthesized by the reaction of soluble starch with 4,4'-methylene-bis-phenyldiisocyanate as a cross-linking agent in dry dimethylformamide. Various parameters impacting extraction efficiencies, such as adsorbent quantity, sample volumes, elution solvents and volumes, and methanol content, were carefully optimized. The 500 mg of starch-based polymer as an adsorbent used to extract 1000 mL of spiked water, presented high extraction recoveries of eight PBDEs. The linearity of the extraction process was investigated in the range of 1-200 ng L-1 for BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, and 5-200 ng L-1 for BDE-153, 154, 183, and 209, with coefficients of determination (r2) exceeding 0.990 for all PBDEs. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.06 to 1.42 ng L-1 (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation values (RSD) were between 3.6 and 9.5 percent (n = 5) under optimum conditions. The method was successfully used to analyze river and lake water samples, where it exhibited acceptable recovery values of 71.3 to 104.2%. Considering the excellent analytical performance and comparative cost advantage, we recommend the developed starch-based SPE method for routine extraction and analysis of PBDEs in water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chukwunonso P. Okoli
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Chemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki 482131, Nigeria
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3
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Cheng L, Jing X, Wang X, Guan S, Song W, Rao Q. Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051376. [PMID: 33806482 PMCID: PMC7961388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollutants in water. In this study, effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase (EA-DLLME-SAP), followed by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) quantitative analysis, was established for the preconcentration and determination of PBDEs in real environmental water samples. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was used as the extractant and directly dispersed into the water phase of the aqueous samples with the aid of a large number of carbon dioxide bubbles generated via the acid-base reaction of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, which did not require the use of a dispersant during the extraction process. The key factors affecting the extraction recovery were optimized, and an internal standard was used for quantitative analysis, which gave good linearity ranges of 1-100 ng·L-1 (BDEs 28, 47, 99, and 100), 2-200 ng·L-1 (BDEs 153, 154, and 183) and 5-500 ng·L-1 (BDE 209) with limits of quantification in the range of 1.0-5.0 ng·L-1. The accuracy was verified with relative standard deviations < 8.5% observed in tap, lake, river and reservoir water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 67.2 to 102.6%. The presented method contributes to the determination of PBDEs in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Xianli Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
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4
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Śmiełowska M, Zabiegała B. Current trends in analytical strategies for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 1.: Screening of new developments in sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Mammana SB, C. Abraham E, Camargo AB, Vázquez Á, Altamirano JC. Enzymatic Digestion Coupled to Surfactant‐Assisted Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction: A Mild Approach for Determining Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Hair Sample. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Emilia C. Abraham
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (CCT- Mendoza) Alte. Brown 500 5505, Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Álvaro Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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6
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Berton P, Lana NB, Ríos JM, García-Reyes JF, Altamirano JC. State of the art of environmentally friendly sample preparation approaches for determination of PBDEs and metabolites in environmental and biological samples: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 905:24-41. [PMID: 26755134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry principles for developing methodologies have gained attention in analytical chemistry in recent decades. A growing number of analytical techniques have been proposed for determination of organic persistent pollutants in environmental and biological samples. In this light, the current review aims to present state-of-the-art sample preparation approaches based on green analytical principles proposed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and metabolites (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in environmental and biological samples. Approaches to lower the solvent consumption and accelerate the extraction, such as pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are discussed in this review. Special attention is paid to miniaturized sample preparation methodologies and strategies proposed to reduce organic solvent consumption. Additionally, extraction techniques based on alternative solvents (surfactants, supercritical fluids, or ionic liquids) are also commented in this work, even though these are scarcely used for determination of PBDEs. In addition to liquid-based extraction techniques, solid-based analytical techniques are also addressed. The development of greener, faster and simpler sample preparation approaches has increased in recent years (2003-2013). Among green extraction techniques, those based on the liquid phase predominate over those based on the solid phase (71% vs. 29%, respectively). For solid samples, solvent assisted extraction techniques are preferred for leaching of PBDEs, and liquid phase microextraction techniques are mostly used for liquid samples. Likewise, green characteristics of the instrumental analysis used after the extraction and clean-up steps are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Nerina B Lana
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan M Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
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7
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Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, García-Valcárcel AI, Pérez RA, Tadeo JL. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of emerging contaminants from environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Melo A, Ferreira IMPLVO, Mansilha C. Application of a fast and cost-effective in situ derivatization method prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to monitor endocrine disruptors in water matrices. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1983-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armindo Melo
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Catarina Mansilha
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
- REQUIMTE; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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9
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Sharafi K, Fattahi N, Mahvi AH, Pirsaheb M, Azizzadeh N, Noori M. Trace analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides in rice samples using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1010-6. [PMID: 25641828 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of a floating organic drop method followed by high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of trace amounts of organophosphorus pesticides in rice samples. Variables affecting the performance of both steps were thoroughly investigated. Some effective parameters on extraction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, recoveries for rice sample are in the range of 58.0-66.0%. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 4-800 μg/kg and, limits of detection and limits of quantification are in the range of 1.5-3 and 4.2-8.5 μg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation for 50.0 μg/kg of organophosphorus pesticides in rice sample are in the range of 4.4-5.1% (n = 5). The obtained results show that proposed method is a fast and simple method for the determination of pesticides in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Sharafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Jiang R, Ouyang G. Fast Analytical Techniques Based on Microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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11
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Zhang M, Jackson GP, Kruse NA, Bowman JR, Harrington PDB. Determination of Aroclor 1260 in soil samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2751-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhang
- Clippinger Laboratories; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University; Athens OH USA
| | - Glen P. Jackson
- Forensic and Investigative Science Program; C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University; Morgantown WV USA
| | - Natalie A. Kruse
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs; Ohio University; Athens OH USA
| | - Jennifer R. Bowman
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs; Ohio University; Athens OH USA
| | - Peter de B. Harrington
- Clippinger Laboratories; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University; Athens OH USA
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12
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Martínez-Moral MP, Tena MT. Use of microextraction by packed sorbents following selective pressurised liquid extraction for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:28-35. [PMID: 25204265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method based on selective pressurised liquid extraction followed by microextraction by packed sorbents (MEPS) for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in sewage sludge is presented. The factors affecting the MEPS procedure were optimised. Acetone:water (25:75) sPLE extracts were drawn-ejected 10 times through C18 cartridges at 5 μL s(-1). The cartridge was dried five times with 250 μL of air and the BDEs were eluted at 25 μL s(-1) with 100 μL of n-hexane that were directly injected at 13 μL s(-1) in the GC-MSMS system. Under these conditions, there were no carry-over effects. The method was characterised in terms of limits of detection, repeatability, intermediate precision and accuracy. The use of MEPS for the determination of BDEs in sewage sludge means an improvement of the limits of detection due to the preconcentration and clean-up performed before the injection of the whole elute in the PTV injector. The GC-MSMS LODs (25 pg mL(-1)) were improved with MEPS to less than 3 pg mL(-1). RSD less than 7% and recovery values from 92% to 102% were shown. Finally, the method was applied to the sPLE extract analyses of sewage sludge from several wastewater treatment plants in La Rioja. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the MEPS technique has been applied to the analysis of BDEs, and the first time that it has been used for the analysis of extracts from a solid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Teresa Tena
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, E-26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
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13
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He K, Lv Y, Chen Y. Optimized determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2874-81. [PMID: 25142014 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography has been optimized for the determination of six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners. The optimal condition relevant to the extraction was first investigated, more than 98.7 ± 0.7% recovery was achieved with dichloromethane as extractant, 5 min extraction time, and three cycles of ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction. Then multiple function was employed to optimize polybrominated diphenyl ether detection conditions with overall resolution and chromatography signal area as the responses. The condition chosen in this experiment was methanol/water 93:7 v/v, flow rate 0.80 mL/min, column temperature 30.0°C. The optimized technique revealed good linearity (R(2) > 0.9962 over a concentration range of 1-100 μg/L) and repeatability (relative standard deviation < 6.3%). Furthermore, the detection limit (S/N = 3) of the method were ranged from 0.02 to 0.13 μg/L and the quantification limit (S/N = 10) ranged from 0.07 to 0.35 μg/L. Finally, the proposed method was applied to spiked samples and satisfactory results were achieved. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was effective to identify and quantify the complex polybrominated diphenyl ethers in effluent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Farajzadeh MA, Khorram P, Nabil AAA. Solid-based disperser liquid-liquid microextraction for the preconcentration of phthalate esters and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1177-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Parisa Khorram
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh Nabil
- Toxicology Laboratory; Food Control Laboratory; Food and Drug Department; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
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15
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Barco-Bonilla N, Plaza-Bolaños P, Tarifa NMV, Romero-González R, Martínez Vidal JL, Frenich AG. Highly sensitive determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface water by GC coupled to high-resolution MS according to the EU Water Directive 2008/105/EC. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:69-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Barco-Bonilla
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Noelia Ma Valera Tarifa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
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16
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Recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2027-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Cao X, Chen J, Ye X, Zhang F, Shen L, Mo W. Ultrasound-assisted magnetic SPE based on Fe3
O4
-grafted graphene for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3579-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Ye
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Weimin Mo
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
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