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KÖSEOĞLU YILMAZ P, KOLAK U. Ultrasound- and Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Parabens from Personal Care Products and Urine, Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Turk J Pharm Sci 2023; 20:328-334. [PMID: 37933823 PMCID: PMC10631361 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.42387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Parabens, which are p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, are used as preservatives in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food because of their antimicrobial activity. However, they are also classified as suspected endocrine disruptors and carcinogens. In the present study, we aimed to optimize an ultrasound and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure for the simultaneous extraction of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, and butyl parabens from personal care products and urine. Materials and Methods The extraction solvent type, extraction solvent volume, disperser solvent volume, sodium chloride concentration, ultrasonication time, and vortex application time were evaluated to obtain optimum recoveries by ultrasound and vortex-assisted DLLME. Parabens were detected using a validated high performanc-liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection. Method validation was performed by examining linearity, the limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision. Results The limits of detection and quantification of the HPLC method were between 0.09-0.18 μg/mL and 0.28-0.54 μg/mL, respectively. Precision was examined as the relative standard deviation, which was 0.22-1.81% and 1.12-2.03% for intra- and interday studies. Recovery percentages were higher than 96.00%. Samples of two paraben-free personal care products and synthetic urine were spiked with the analyses at 0.02 μg/mL and were successfully analyzed using the developed procedure with recovery values higher than 82.00%. Conclusion The proposed procedure provided quantification of selected parabens at 20 ng/mL in analyzed personal care products and urine matrices with good precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin KÖSEOĞLU YILMAZ
- İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ufuk KOLAK
- İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Salido-Fortuna S, Bosco CD, Gentili A, Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML, D'Orazio G, Fanali S. Enantiomeric analysis of drugs in water samples by using liquid-liquid microextraction and nano-liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1177-1186. [PMID: 37276371 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nano-LC technique is increasingly used for both fast studies on enantiomeric analysis and test beds of novel stationary phases due to the small volumes involved and the short conditioning and analysis times. In this study, the enantioseparation of 10 drugs from different families was carried out by nano-LC, utilizing silica with immobilized amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) column. The effect on chiral separation caused by the addition of different salts to the mobile phase was evaluated. To simultaneously separate as many enantiomers as possible, the effect of buffer concentration in the mobile phase was studied, and, to increase the sensitivity, a liquid-liquid microextraction based on the use of isoamyl acetate as sustainable extraction solvent was applied to pre-concentrate four chiral drugs from tap and environmental waters, achieving satisfactory recoveries (>70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salido-Fortuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Dal Bosco
- Department of Chemistry, University of "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB), CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- School in Nanoscience and Advanced Technologies, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Mansouri S, Rastegarzadeh S, Motamedi H. Highly sensitive determination of methionine by solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using bio-stabilized silver nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3004-3013. [PMID: 34101361 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method coupled with surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles was developed for determination of trace levels of methionine. The stable and dispersed silver nanoparticles were synthesized by applying ascorbic acid as reducer and Stenotrophomonas sp. bacterial suspension as bio-stabilizer and then preconcentrated in organic phase according to a facile dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on 1-octanol as extraction solvent, methyltrioctylammonium chloride (aliquat 336) as disperser and acetone as de-emulsifier. The presence of methionine influenced the intensity of plasmon resonance absorbance of silver nanoparticles, which was employed as a colorimetric probe for the determination of this amino acid. Under the optimal conditions, the linear analytical range of 5.6 to 234.5 nmol/L and a detection limit of 3.4 nmol/L were achieved for methionine. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate measurements of 33.5 and 107.2 nmol/L of methionine was 4.3 and 2.1%, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of methionine in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Mansouri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saadat Rastegarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Cheng L, Jing X, Wang X, Guan S, Song W, Rao Q. Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051376. [PMID: 33806482 PMCID: PMC7961388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollutants in water. In this study, effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase (EA-DLLME-SAP), followed by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) quantitative analysis, was established for the preconcentration and determination of PBDEs in real environmental water samples. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was used as the extractant and directly dispersed into the water phase of the aqueous samples with the aid of a large number of carbon dioxide bubbles generated via the acid-base reaction of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, which did not require the use of a dispersant during the extraction process. The key factors affecting the extraction recovery were optimized, and an internal standard was used for quantitative analysis, which gave good linearity ranges of 1-100 ng·L-1 (BDEs 28, 47, 99, and 100), 2-200 ng·L-1 (BDEs 153, 154, and 183) and 5-500 ng·L-1 (BDE 209) with limits of quantification in the range of 1.0-5.0 ng·L-1. The accuracy was verified with relative standard deviations < 8.5% observed in tap, lake, river and reservoir water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 67.2 to 102.6%. The presented method contributes to the determination of PBDEs in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Xianli Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
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Coelho E, Lemos M, Genisheva Z, Domingues L, Vilanova M, Oliveira JM. Validation of a LLME/GC-MS Methodology for Quantification of Volatile Compounds in Fermented Beverages. Molecules 2020; 25:E621. [PMID: 32023947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of composition of beverages volatile fraction is essential for understanding their sensory attributes. Analysis of volatile compounds predominantly resorts to gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Often a previous concentration step is required to quantify compounds found at low concentrations. This work presents a liquid-liquid microextraction method combined with GC-MS (LLME/GC-MS) for the analysis of compounds in fermented beverages and spirits. The method was validated for a set of compounds typically found in fermented beverages comprising alcohols, esters, volatile phenols, and monoterpenic alcohols. The key requirements for validity were observed, namely linearity, sensitivity in the studied range, accuracy, and precision within the required parameters. Robustness of the method was also evaluated with satisfactory results. Thus, the proposed LLME/GC-MS method may be a useful tool for the analysis of several fermented beverages, which is easily implementable in a laboratory equipped with a GC-MS.
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Cheng C, Liu XW, Du FF, Li MJ, Xu F, Wang FQ, Liu Y, Li C, Sun Y. Sensitive assay for measurement of volatile borneol, isoborneol, and the metabolite camphor in rat pharmacokinetic study of Borneolum (Bingpian) and Borneolum syntheticum (synthetic Bingpian). Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1337-48. [PMID: 23974515 PMCID: PMC4002161 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Both Borneolum (Chinese name Bingpian; dextrorotatory borneol) and Borneolum syntheticum (synthetic Bingpian; a mixture of optically inactive borneol and isoborneol) have been used for medicinal purposes in Chinese traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive assay for measuring volatile ingredients borneol, isoborneol, and their metabolite camphor in pharmacokinetic study of Bingpian. METHODS Rat plasma samples were prepared using liquid-liquid microextraction: 70 μL of plasma sample (containing 125 nmol/L naphthalene as the internal standard) was extracted with 35 μL of n-hexane. The resulting n-hexane extract (20 μL) was introduced into a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system using programmable temperature vaporizing-based large-volume injection. The assay was validated to demonstrate its reliability for the intended use. Using this assay, pharmacokinetic studies of Bingpian, synthetic Bingpian, and Fufang-Danshen tablets (containing synthetic Bingpian) were conducted in rats. RESULTS The extraction efficiency for the analytes and the internal standard from plasma was almost constant with decrease in n-hexane-to-plasma volume ratio, thus enabling a small volume of extracting solvent to be used for sample preparation, and enhancing the assay sensitivity. The lower quantification limit for measuring borneol, isoborneol, and camphor in plasma was 0.98 nmol/L, which was 33-330 times more sensitive than those reported earlier for Bingpian and synthetic Bingpian. The applicability of the miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction technique could be extended to measure other volatile and nonvolatile medicinal compounds in biomatrices, which can be predicted according to the analytes' octanol/water distribution coefficient (logD) and acid dissociation constant (pKa). CONCLUSION This assay is sensitive, accurate and free of matrix effects, and can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies of Bingpian, synthetic Bingpian, and Bingpian-containing herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin-wei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei-fei Du
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mei-juan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng-qing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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