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Scott AM, Johnson NS, Siefkes MJ, Li W. Protocol for monitoring and analyzing pheromone-mediated behavioral response of sea lamprey in a natural system. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102891. [PMID: 38358880 PMCID: PMC10876582 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory-mediated behaviors in fish are often examined in artificial microcosms that enable well-controlled treatments but fail to replicate environmental and social contexts. However, observing these behaviors in nature poses challenges. Here, we describe a protocol for recording sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) behaviors in a natural system. We describe steps for administering and verifying accurate odorant concentrations, surveying sea lamprey abundance, and tracking sea lamprey movements. We also detail procedures to analyze treatment effects on pheromone-mediated spawning in a high-density population. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Scott et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI 49759, USA
| | | | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Scott AM, Johnson NS, Siefkes MJ, Li W. Synergistic behavioral antagonists of a sex pheromone reduce reproduction of invasive sea lamprey. iScience 2023; 26:107744. [PMID: 37810212 PMCID: PMC10550721 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex pheromones impart maximal attraction when their components are present at optimal ratios that confer balanced olfactory inputs in potential mates. Altering ratios or adding pheromone analogs to optimal mixtures may disrupt balanced olfactory antagonism and result in reduced attraction, however, tests in natural populations are lacking. We tested this hypothesis in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a fish whose male sex pheromone attracts females when two critical components, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) and petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), are present at certain ratios. Here, we report a pheromone analog, petromyzonol tetrasulfate (3sPZS), reduced female attraction to 3kPZS but not to PZS. 3sPZS mixed with additional PZS synergistically disrupted female attraction to the male pheromone and reduced spawning by 97% in a high-density population. Our results provide evidence of balanced olfactory antagonism in a vertebrate and establish a tactic to disrupt spawning of sea lamprey, a destructive invader of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI 49759, USA
| | | | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Scott AM, Li W. Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.229476. [PMID: 33758020 PMCID: PMC8181240 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Skye D Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Li W. Sex-dependent pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113608. [PMID: 32890479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are basal vertebrates that exhibit reproductive control via a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The function and evolution of the hypothalamic and pituitary peptide hormones are well studied in this species, whereas the functions of classical sex steroid hormones have not been well established due to their low or non-detectable plasma levels. Sea lamprey pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) has been shown to increase while 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA) decreases plasma 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15αP) levels in prespermiating males (PSM) but not in preovulatory females (POF). However, spermiating male washings that contain both 3kPZS and 3kACA facilitate spawning in both sexes. Therefore, we wondered if the effects of pheromones on POF were elicited by classical steroid hormones such as progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol. We hypothesized that waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS differentially alter steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys. We determined the sex differences and pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys using sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. Some PSM became spermiating (SM) at the time of sample collection, and those data were treated as a separate group. We found that males contained more androstenedione and progesterone in the gonad and more estradiol and testosterone in the plasma than POF, whereas POF contained more gonadal testosterone than males (no detectable gonadal testosterone). In POF, 3kPZS decreased gonadal androstenedione but increased gonadal progesterone and plasma estradiol, whereas 3kACA only increased gonadal progesterone levels. Exposure to 3kPZS for 4 h increased plasma 15αP in POF and SM, and gonadal 15αP in POF. Interestingly, 3kACA or 3kPZS depleted gonadal or plasma 15αP in PSM at various time points. On the other hand, both pheromones had no significant effect on androstenedione, progesterone or estradiol levels in males. Plasma testosterone levels did not change after pheromone exposure in both sexes. We conclude that sea lamprey pheromones 3kACA and 3kPZS induced differential steroidal responses in POF, PSM and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Skye Daniel Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Schmucker AK, Johnson NS, Bussy U, Li K, Galbraith HS, Chung-Davidson YW, Li W. American eels produce and release bile acid profiles that vary across life stage. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1024-1033. [PMID: 32072638 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is an imperilled fish hypothesized to use conspecific cues, in part, to coordinate long-distance migration during their multistage life history. Here, holding water and tissue from multiple American eel life stages was collected and analysed for the presence, profile and concentration of bile acids. Distinct bile acid profiles were identified in glass, elver, yellow eel and silver eel holding waters using ultraperformance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid and taurocholic acid were detected in whole tissue of American glass eels and elvers, and in liver, intestine and gallbladder samples of late-stage yellow eels. Bile acids were not a major component of silver eel washings or tissue. This study is novel because little was previously known about bile acids produced and emitted into the environment by American eels. Future behavioural studies could evaluate whether any bile acids produced by American eels influence conspecific migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Schmucker
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas Scott Johnson
- Hammond Bay Biological Station, Great Lakes Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Millersburg, Michigan, USA
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather S Galbraith
- Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Johnson NS, Lewandoski SA, Alger BJ, O'Connor L, Bravener G, Hrodey P, Huerta B, Barber J, Li W, Wagner CM, Siefkes MJ. Behavioral Responses of Sea Lamprey to Varying Application Rates of a Synthesized Pheromone in Diverse Trapping Scenarios. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:233-249. [PMID: 31970605 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Use of the first fish pheromone biopesticide, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control requires an understanding of both how the amount 3kPZS applied to a trap relates to catch, and how that relationship varies among stream types. By conducting 3kPZS dose-response experiments over two years and across six varied trapping contexts, we conclude (1) that 3kPZS application is best standardized by how much is emitted from the trap instead of the fully mixed concentration achieved downstream, and (2) that 3kPZS is more effective in wide streams (>30 m). In wide streams, emission of 3kPZS at 50 mg hr.-1 from the trap increased capture rate by 10-15% as sea lamprey were 25-50% more likely to enter the trap after encounter. However, in narrow streams (< 15 m), 50 mg hr.-1 3kPZS generally reduced probabilities of upstream movement, trap encounter, and entrance. While 3kPZS significantly influenced upstream movement, encounter, and capture probabilities, these behaviors were also highly influenced by water temperature, stream width, sea lamprey length, and sex. This study highlights that a pheromone component in a stream environment does not ubiquitously increase trap catch in all contexts, but that where, how, and when the pheromone is applied has major impacts on whether it benefits or hinders trapping efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Johnson
- U. S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA.
| | - Sean A Lewandoski
- U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Bethany J Alger
- U. S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA
| | - Lisa O'Connor
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1219 Queen Street, East Sault Ste., Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Gale Bravener
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Centre, 1219 Queen Street, East Sault Ste., Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, USA
| | - Peter Hrodey
- U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Belinda Huerta
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jessica Barber
- U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - C Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael J Siefkes
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
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Wagner CM, Hanson JE, Meckley TD, Johnson NS, Bals JD. A simple, cost-effective emitter for controlled release of fish pheromones: Development, testing, and application to management of the invasive sea lamprey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197569. [PMID: 29897927 PMCID: PMC5999092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiochemicals that elicit species-specific attraction or repulsion have proven useful in the management of terrestrial pests and hold considerable promise for control of nuisance aquatic species, particularly invasive fishes. Because aquatic ecosystems are typically large and open, use of a semiochemical to control a spatially dispersed invader will require the development of a cost-effective emitter that is easy to produce, environmentally benign, inexpensive, and controls the release of the semiochemical without altering its structure. We examined the release properties of five polymers, and chose polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the best alternative. In a series of laboratory and field experiments, we examined the response of the invasive sea lamprey to PEG, and to a partial sex pheromone emitted from PEG that has proven effective as a trap bait to capture migrating sea lamprey prior to spawning. Our findings confirm that the sea lamprey does not behaviorally respond to PEG, and that the attractant response to the pheromone component was conserved when emitted from PEG. Further, we deployed the pheromone-PEG emitters as trap bait during typical control operations in three Great Lakes tributaries, observing similar improvements in trap performance when compared to a previous study using mechanically pumped liquid pheromone. Finally, the polymer emitters tended to dissolve unevenly in high flow conditions. We demonstrate that housing the emitter stabilizes the dissolution rate at high water velocity. We conclude the performance characteristics of PEG emitters to achieve controlled-release of a semiochemical are sufficient to recommend its use in conservation and management activities related to native and invasive aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James E. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Trevor D. Meckley
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Johnson
- USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Bals
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Sorensen PW, Johnson NS. Theory and Application of Semiochemicals in Nuisance Fish Control. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:698-715. [PMID: 27417504 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. Because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. Possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or remove specific species of fish, adding them to waterways to manipulate large-scale movement patterns, and saturating the environment with synthesized semiochemicals to disrupt responses to the natural cue. These applications may be especially appropriate for pheromones, chemical signals that pass between members of same species and which also have extreme specificity and potency. Alarm cues, compounds released by injured fish, and cues released by potential predators also could function as repellents and be especially useful if paired with pheromonal attractants in "push-pull" configurations. Approximately half a dozen attractive pheromones now have been partially identified in fish, and those for the sea lamprey and the common carp have been tested in the field with modest success. Alarm and predator cues for sea lamprey also have been tested in the laboratory and field with some success. Success has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of chemical identity, a lack of synthesized compounds, the fact that laboratory bioassays do not always reflect natural environments, and the relative difficulty of conducting trials on wild fishes because of short field seasons and regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, workers continue efforts to identify pheromones because of the great potential elucidated by insect control and the fact that few tools are available to control nuisance fish. Approaches developed for nuisance fish also could be applied to valued fishes, which suffer from a lack of powerful management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Sorensen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 324 Skok Hall, St Paul Campus, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Great Lakes Science Center, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA
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Buchinger TJ, Siefkes MJ, Zielinski BS, Brant CO, Li W. Chemical cues and pheromones in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Front Zool 2015; 12:32. [PMID: 26609313 PMCID: PMC4658815 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical cues and pheromones guide decisions in organisms throughout the animal kingdom. The neurobiology, function, and evolution of olfaction are particularly well described in insects, and resulting concepts have driven novel approaches to pest control. However, aside from several exceptions, the olfactory biology of vertebrates remains poorly understood. One exception is the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), which relies heavily upon olfaction during reproduction. Here, we provide a broad review of the chemical cues and pheromones used by the sea lamprey during reproduction, including overviews of the sea lamprey olfactory system, chemical cues and pheromones, and potential applications to population management. The critical role of olfaction in mediating the sea lamprey life cycle is evident by a well-developed olfactory system. Sea lamprey use chemical cues and pheromones to identify productive spawning habitat, coordinate spawning behaviors, and avoid risk. Manipulation of olfactory biology offers opportunities for management of populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where the sea lamprey is a destructive invader. We suggest that the sea lamprey is a broadly useful organism with which to study vertebrate olfaction because of its simple but well-developed olfactory organ, the dominant role of olfaction in guiding behaviors during reproduction, and the direct implications for vertebrate pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Buchinger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | | | - Barbara S Zielinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON Canada
| | - Cory O Brant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Johnson NS, Siefkes MJ, Wagner CM, Bravener G, Steeves T, Twohey M, Li W. Factors Influencing Capture of Invasive Sea Lamprey in Traps Baited With a Synthesized Sex Pheromone Component. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:913-23. [PMID: 26399432 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, is emerging as a model organism for understanding how pheromones can be used for manipulating vertebrate behavior in an integrated pest management program. In a previous study, a synthetic sex pheromone component 7α,12α, 24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate (3kPZS) was applied to sea lamprey traps in eight streams at a final in-stream concentration of 10(-12) M. Application of 3kPZS increased sea lamprey catch, but where and when 3kPZS had the greatest impact was not determined. Here, by applying 3kPZS to additional streams, we determined that overall increases in yearly exploitation rate (proportion of sea lampreys that were marked, released, and subsequently recaptured) were highest (20-40%) in wide streams (~40 m) with low adult sea lamprey abundance (<1000). Wide streams with low adult abundance may be representative of low-attraction systems for adult sea lamprey and, in the absence of other attractants (larval odor, sex pheromone), sea lamprey may have been more responsive to a partial sex pheromone blend emitted from traps. Furthermore, we found that the largest and most consistent responses to 3kPZS were during nights early in the trapping season, when water temperatures were increasing. This may have occurred because, during periods of increasing water temperatures, sea lamprey become more active and males at large may not have begun to release sex pheromone. In general, our results are consistent with those for pheromones of invertebrates, which are most effective when pest density is low and when pheromone competition is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Johnson
- USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA.
| | - Michael J Siefkes
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - C Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gale Bravener
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, USA
| | - Todd Steeves
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, USA
| | - Michael Twohey
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station, 3090 Wright St., Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Chung-Davidson YW, Yeh CY, Li W. The Sea Lamprey as an Etiological Model for Biliary Atresia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:832943. [PMID: 26101777 PMCID: PMC4460204 DOI: 10.1155/2015/832943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive, inflammatory, and fibrosclerosing cholangiopathy in infants that results in obstruction of both extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. It is the most common cause for pediatric liver transplantation. In contrast, the sea lamprey undergoes developmental BA with transient cholestasis and fibrosis during metamorphosis, but emerges as a fecund adult with steatohepatitis and fibrosis in the liver. In this paper, we present new histological evidence and compare the sea lamprey to existing animal models to highlight the advantages and possible limitations of using the sea lamprey to study the etiology and compensatory mechanisms of BA and other liver diseases. Understanding the signaling factors and genetic networks underlying lamprey BA can provide insights into BA etiology and possible targets to prevent biliary degeneration and to clear fibrosis. In addition, information from lamprey BA can be used to develop adjunct treatments for patients awaiting or receiving surgical treatments. Furthermore, the cholestatic adult lamprey has unique adaptive mechanisms that can be used to explore potential treatments for cholestasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chu-Yin Yeh
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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12
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