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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao DK, Zhao Y, Chen SY, Kennelly EJ. Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids: structural diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1423-1444. [DOI: 10.1039/d1np00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures of typical Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids from eggplant, tomato, and potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Sui-Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
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Wang Y, Huang G, Shi Y, Tian WS, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-solanidine and (-)-tomatidenol. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3169-3176. [PMID: 32270168 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of two naturally occurring seco-type cholestane alkaloids (-)-solanidine and (-)-tomatidenol from (-)-diosgenin with a linear reaction sequence of 12 steps and 13 steps, respectively, is reported. The synthetic strategy includes the highly controlled establishment of highly functionalized octahydroindolizine ((-)-solanidine) and 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]decane ((-)-tomatidenol) cores with five stereocenters, respectively, from (-)-diosgenin, featuring two stereoselective cascade transformations including a modified cascade ring-switching process of furostan-26-acid to open the E-ring of (-)-diosgenin and a cascade azide reduction/intramolecular reductive amination to close the E- and F-rings of (-)-solanidine and (-)-tomatidenol. This work should enable further explorations of chemical and biological spaces based on solanidine, tomatidenol and related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanxin Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chao Wang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, China
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Beaulieu R, Grand E, Stasik I, Attoumbré J, Chesnais Q, Gobert V, Ameline A, Giordanengo P, Kovensky J. Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel solanidine derivatives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:793-800. [PMID: 30136365 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth culture in the world and is widely used in the agri-food industries. They generate by-products in which α-chaconine and α-solanine, the two major solanidine-based glycoalkaloids of potato, are present. As secondary metabolites, they play an important role in the protection system of potato and are involved in plant protection against insects. To add value to these by-products, we described here new glycoalkaloids that could have phytosanitary properties. RESULTS Solanidine, as a renewable source, was modified with an azido linker and coupled by copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition to alkynyl derivatives of the monosaccharides found in the natural potato glycoalkakoids: D-glucose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The efficacy of our compounds was evaluated on the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The synthetic compounds have stronger aphicidal properties against nymphs than unmodified solanidine. They also showed strong aphicidal activities on adults and a negative impact on fecundity. CONCLUSION Our synthetic neoglycoalkaloids affected Macrosiphum euphorbiae survival at the nymphal stage as well as at the adult stage. Furthermore, they induced a decrease in fecundity. Our results show that chemical modifications of by-products may afford new sustainable compounds for crop and plant protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Beaulieu
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, and Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, Achicourt, France
| | - Eric Grand
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, and Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Imane Stasik
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, and Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jacques Attoumbré
- Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, Achicourt, France
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN) CNRS UMR 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Quentin Chesnais
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN) CNRS UMR 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Virginie Gobert
- Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, Achicourt, France
| | - Arnaud Ameline
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN) CNRS UMR 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Giordanengo
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France - Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS 7254 - INRA 1355 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, and Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Koffi GY, Remaud-Simeon M, Due AE, Combes D. Isolation and chemoenzymatic treatment of glycoalkaloids from green, sprouting and rotting Solanum tuberosum potatoes for solanidine recovery. Food Chem 2016; 220:257-265. [PMID: 27855898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of glycoalkaloids in the flesh of different types of decayed potatoes was evaluated. The results showed that turned green and also sprouting or rotting potato flesh contain high amounts of toxic solanine and chaconine, exceeding by 2-5-fold the recommended limit, and ranging from 2578±86mg/kg to 5063±230mg/kg of dry weight potato flesh. For safety consideration, these decayed potatoes should be systematically set aside. To avoid a net economic loss and encourage the removal of this hazardous food, a recycling process was investigated to generate added-value compounds from the toxic glycoalkaloids. A simple chemo-enzymatic protocol comprising a partial acidic hydrolysis followed by an enzymatic treatment with the β-glycosidase from Periplaneta americana allowed the efficient conversion of α-chaconine to solanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grokoré Yvonne Koffi
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR 792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR 792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Didier Combes
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR 792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences and Environment, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Rong Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences and Environment, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Friedman M. Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3323-37. [PMID: 25821990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cancer can occur via apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell self-destruction that involves numerous biomarkers and signaling pathways. Glycoalkaloids are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. Exposure of cancer cells to glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and tomatoes (α-tomatine) or their hydrolysis products (mono-, di-, and trisaccharide derivatives and the aglycones solasodine, solanidine, and tomatidine) inhibits the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo. This overview comprehensively surveys and consolidates worldwide efforts to define the following aspects of these natural compounds: (a) their prevalence in the three foods; (b) their chemistry and structure-activity relationships; (c) the reported factors (biomarkers, signaling pathways) associated with apoptosis of bone, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, glioblastoma, leukemia, liver, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and the in vivo inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and in human skin cancers; and (d) future research needs. The described results may make it possible to better relate the structures of the active compounds to their health-promoting function, individually, in combination, and in food, and allow the consumer to select glycoalkaloid-containing food with the optimal content of nontoxic beneficial compounds. The described findings are expected to be a valuable record and resource for further investigation of the health benefits of food-related natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Chideh S, Pilard S, Attoumbré J, Saguez R, Hassan-Abdallah A, Cailleu D, Wadouachi A, Baltora-Rosset S. 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid from Solanum somalense leaves: advantage of centrifugal partition chromatography over conventional column chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2331-9. [PMID: 24962011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solanum somalense leaves, used in Djibouti for their medicinal properties, were extracted by MeOH. Because of the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract, respectively, determined at 80.80 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 24.4 ± 1.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, the isolation and purification of the main polyphenols were carried out by silica gel column chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography. Column chromatography led to 11 enriched fractions requiring further purification, while centrifugal partition chromatography allowed the easy recovery of the main compound of the extract. In a solvent system composed of CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (9.5:10:5), 21.8 mg of this compound at 97% purity was obtained leading to a yield of 2.63%. Its structure was established as 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This work shows that S. somalense leaves contain very high level of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (0.74% dry weight), making it a potential source of production of this secondary metabolite that is not commonly found in nature but could be partly responsible of the medicinal properties of S. somalense leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïda Chideh
- EDYSAN FRE 3498 CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche, Université de Djibouti, Avenue Georges Clémenceau, Djibouti
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